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Experimental Procedures The chemical composition of tested alloy is listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Chemical composition of HVHSS (wt.%) Samples C V Cr Mo Si Mn Fe 1 1.58 8.62 4.12 2.76 0.62 0.22 balance 2 1.90 8.52 4.35 2.82 1.03 0.31 balance 3 2.23 9.75 4.68 3.25 0.94 0.25 balance 4 2.58 9.30 4.28 3.43 0.83 0.20 balance 5 2.82 8.99 3.98 2.75 1.04 0.13 balance 6 2.92 9.03 4.32 3.00 1.15 0.16 balance Results Microstructure.
Fig. 1 Microstructure of high speed steel with different matrix(a) Ferrite matrix (sample 1) ; (b) Low-carbon lath martensite (sample 4); (c) High carbon tempered martensite (sample 6) Mechanical properties.
References [1] Andersson M., Finnström R and Nylén T: Ironmaking and Steelmaking Vol. 31(2004), p. 383 [2] H.G.
Xing: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 479(2008), p. 253 [5] K.

Fig. 1 shows one segment 3D modeling for electromagnetic simulation.
Cold crucible Hot crucible Si melt Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Crucible Configuration 0 10 20 30 40 Joule heating power (kW) Cold crucible Hot crucible Si melt Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Crucible Configuration 0 10 20 30 40 Joule heating power (kW) Fig. 4 Joule heating power as a function of EMCC crucible configuration under the induction coil current of 1,230 A.
As shown in Fig. 5, in the model 1 where the hot crucible having no slits is used, the electromagnetic pressure is lower than the hydrostatic pressure of the melt.
References [1] M.
Moon: Materials Science Forum Vols. 475-479 (2005), p. 2671

is named at least value of related coefficient, only concerns measurement times n.As is shown in table 1.
Suppose the actual traffic flow and predicted traffic flow (= 1, 2,..., 25) meet the following function relation: .
Known 10 trial value of variables（）（=1,2，10），as is shown in table 4.
Table 4 10 trial value of known variables i i 1 13598 9065 6 23314 15139 2 15638 10089 7 25762 16203 3 17280 10937 8 28468 17904 4 19094 12240 9 32218 20136 5 21099 13701 10 36073 22545 Through caculated： So to get the function relation of actual traffic flow and predicted traffic flow (= 1, 2,..., 25) ： .
References [1] Honghong Zhang: Some problems about evaluation study of expressway construction project.

The grinding circuit under study operates in a closed-circuit as shown in Fig.1.
Fig. 1.
Simulations For the nominal model of GC that described as in Eq. (1), we can obtain as where , and . .Here,.
References [1] A.
Stange, “Using artificial neural networks for the control of grinding circuits,” Minerals Engineering, vol. 6, no.5, pp. 479-489, 1993 [3] K.

It plays a dominant role in the transport of energy for the proper design of enclosure in order to achieve high heat transfer rates [1].
The thermo-physical properties of the components used in the analysis are summarized in Table 1.
Fig. 1 Computational domain Table 1 Thermo-physical properties (kg/m3) k (W/m.K) Cp (J/kg.K) (K-1) (kg/m.s) dp (nm) Water 993 0.628 4178 36.2e-5 695e-6 0.385 Cu 8955 400 386 1.67e-5 …….. 25 Al2O3 3970 40 765 0.85 e-5 …….. 25 TiO2 4157 8.4 710 0.9e-5 ……… 25 Results and Discussions The present method for natural convection is validated by using an air filled square enclosure.
Campo, Effect of nanofluid variable properties on natural convection in enclosures, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 49, 3 (2010) 479-491
Joint Conf. 1, (1983) 323–329

It can solve the complex optimized problems, which many conventional methods are difficult to solve [1-3].
Otherwise produce randomly d (01).
References [1] Wang Ling.
Omega, 2002, 30:479-487 [8] Swihart M R, Papastavrou J D. a stochastic and dynamic model for the single-vehicle pick-up and delivery problem [J].
Journal of China Jiliang University, 2005, 16(1):66-71 [12] Fang Lei, He Jian-Min.

Research Methodology for Surface Treated Alloy Steel Figure 1.
The research methodology for surface treated alloy steel is shown in figure 1.
Table 1.
References [1] Standard Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion, Vol. 03.02 ASTM, 1987, pp. 243-250
Rajadurai and Krzysztof Junik: Mat Sci Eng A, Vol. 479 (2008), pp. 229

Table 1 shows the tool nomenclature and cutting parameters followed for the test.
Cryogenic treatment followed for this study involves the following sequence: 1.
The work material used is a GG25 – Grey Cast Iron block of 300mm X 150mm X 150mm dimension as shown in Fig.1.
References [1] R.
Junik, Effect of cryogenic treatment on distribution of residual stress in case carburized En 353 steel, Materials Science and Engineering: A 479 (2008) 229-235

It is the use of the system to achieve a linear response of the tested parameters acceleration measurement, shown in Figure 1.
Voltage reference for the entire circuit to provide a stable 3.4V, 1.8V voltage.
Reference voltage source provides the voltage 1.8V and 3.4V, the circuit shown in Figure 3.
References [1] P.
Moron: Sensors and Actuators. 2008, A68: 474～479.

Damage Assessment of Marine Ecosystem Service Function Loss Caused by Oil Spill Jianli Yang 1,a, Wanqing Wu 1,b, Xiaona Jiang 2,c, Xing Feng 1,d 1Department of marine engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China 2FU JIAN MAWEI Shipbuilding LTD, Fuzhou, China afound_yang@163.com, bwuwanqingdmu@sina.com, cjxn613@163.com, d530546168@163.com Keywords: Ecosystem Service Function Value, Ecological Health, sensitivity analysis, Index System Method.
Daily(1997) introduced the concept of ecosystem services, service valuation assessment and different ecosystem service functions[1], Costanza pointed out that the global ecosystem services can produce a total value of 16 trillion$ to 54 trillion $[2].
Table 1 The average public value of different marine ecosystems [RMB yuan/(hm2.a)] Classification of ecosystem service functions ecosystem-type coastal area, neritic province near-shore land oceanic province Estuaries and gulf Seagrass beds Coral reef Continental shelf Tidal flat Mangrove forest ocean Climate regulation 838 240 Disturbance regulation 3572 17325 28596 11586 Water regulation 95 Water resource supply 23940 Nutrient cycling 132930 119712 13302 745 Waste disposal 366 26315 42185 Biological control 492 32 246 32 refugia 825 1915 1065 Raw materials supply 158 12 170 12 668 1020 entertainment 2400 18951 3616 4146 Culture function 183 6 441 5550 479 Total value 140559 119725 36849 9714 91533 60001 1495 Loss Rate Calculation of Different Marine Ecosystem Service Functions Marine Ecosystem Health Assessment.
The health index of every indicator can be calculated as followings: (1)Index calculation of every indicator (1) in which, is the assigned quantitative value of the indicator-i, the assigned quantitative value of the indicator-i of site-k, the total number of monitoring sites
References [1] Daily, G.C.