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All components of a TCC section, i.e. concrete, timber and connection system show significant time-dependent behaviours [3, 4] that depend on several factors such as stress level, moisture content, temperature and relative humidity of the environment [5].
The moisture content variations within a timber member can be affected by different factors such as environmental relative humidity changes, the size of cross-section, the location of the point within the section, the initial moisture content distribution, the wood species, the surface properties and the coating of the member and the variation of environmental temperature which is usually assumed to be negligible.
Relative humidity changes cause moisture content changes that can also affect timber behaviour and lead to fairly large deflections in timber elements.
In TCC beams, however, transferring stress/force from one component to another is inevitable due to connections and therefore, the total long-term strains can affect the internal stresses/forces.
Mårtensson, Mechanical behaviour of wood exposed to humidity variations, 1992, Lunds Universitet (Sweden): Sweden. p. 1

In this case, the effect of other factors is secondary.
It is established that the FCOC effect mainly affects the capacitance of PZT that due the change of piezoceramics relative permittivity under mechanical load,.
The effect of stress on the dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate thin films.
Axial pressure effect on dielectric and ferroelectric properties of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramic.
Axial pressure influence on dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramic.

For the study of surface roughness, the wear and surface damage also affect surface roughness where both of them are also affected by another factor which is localization of heat influenced by thermal conductivity of material [12].
Table 1: Properties of SKD11 [3] Chemical composition for SKD11 (mass%) Element C Si Mn Cr Mo V S P Specification 1.55 0.3 0.35 11.75 0.75 0.95 0.005 0.02 Table 2: Properties of aluminum A1100 [3] Chemical composition for aluminum A1100 (mass%) Element Si Fe Mg Cu Ti Zn Al Specification 0.3 0.33 0.0016 0.054 0.013 0.013 99.00 (Min) Table 3: Viscosity of lubricants Parameter EFB (fresh) Palm Olein Daphne Draw S Series Viscosity at temperature 30°C (mPas) 2.6137 45 115 Workpiece was placed between taper dies in the extrusion rig.
The different of taper die angles could be affecting to the rough surface on the extruded product.
EFB with low viscosity mixed with the moisture content do not resist the effect of friction force as well as the DDS performs in the mechanical contact.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 53, p. 549-555

Effects of Temperature and Load on Wear for Different Matrix And Fibre-Reinforced Composite Materials Hasim Pihtili1,a, Ibrahim Kocabas2,b, Sukru Cetinkaya3,c 1 Firat University Mechanical Engineering Department Elazig,Turkey 2 Firat University Mechanical Engineering Department Elazig,Turkey 3 Dicle University Mechanical Engineering Department Diyarbakir,Turkey a hpihtili@firat.edu.tr, bibrahimkocabas@firat.edu.tr, cscetinkaya@dicle.edu.tr Keywords: Wear, Glass fibers, Woven fabric polyester resin, Epoxy resin, Composite materials Abstract: In this study, wear behaviours of fiber-reinforced and matrix composite materials are experimentally investigated under different speeds, loads and temperature.
Introduction Industrial materials working in places where wear properties are desired to be wear resistant.
However, the behaviour is affected by factors such as the type, amount, size, shape and orientation of the fibres, the matrix composition and the test conditions such as load, speed and temperature [2, 3, 4].
Gadelrap, "Friction and wear properties of E-glass fiber reinforced epoksi composites under different sliding contact conditions", Wear 192, 1996; 112-117.

Pooladi B.b Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran a Farhang@um.ac.ir, behsanpb@yahoo.com Keywords: Fatigue, Damage tolerances, Crack propagation, Stochastic modeling Abstract.
Fatigue damage plays a significant role in fatigue life of structures and mechanical parts.
In other words in this study all of the random properties of fatigue are shown as a function, X (t), which is multiplied by an experimental deterministic equation, e.g.
To take stochastic properties into consideration, a non-negative stochastic process X(t) is introduced to include the random properties of all parameters affecting crack propagation.
Also as been stated in linear regression theory, regression coefficients are characterized in normal distribution.This means that m and c (material properties in Paris-Erdogan law) have normal and lognormal distributions as Soboyejo (2001) stated [3].

Taheri3, c 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Sama Technical and Vocational Training College, , Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran 3Department of Industrial Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, babol, Iran am_hoseinzadeh59@yahoo.com, bSali86_mk@yahoo.com, calitasana@yahoo.com Keywords: Sheet Hydroforming, Optimization, Taguchi Method.
Fig. 3 Photograph of the manufactured die set mounted on the test machine The applied material is St14 steel sheet with 1mm thickness and its properties that were obtained by tensile test are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Mechanical properties of St14 Density,ρ [Kg/m3] Poisson’s ratio Yield stress, σ [Mpa] Strength coefficie, K [Mpa] Strain hardening exponent, n Young’s modulu, E [Gpa] 7800 0.3 201 610 0.24 210 To applying Taguchi Method, three pressure paths were used.
Table 5: Optimum condition Factor Level description Level PU thickness 10 1 Pressure path P3 3 PU hole diameter 55 2 PU hardness 80 2 Conclusions The process parameters that affect the sheet hydroforming with the new die-set process have been studied using Taguchi technique.
The variables affecting the forming pressure according to their relative significance are the forming pressure path, the polyurethane hardness, the polyurethane hole diameter and the polyurethane thickness, respectively.

Depending on the number of elements, their properties, and regularities of their interaction in the grinding systems, transformation of the shape occurs under dynamic or static stress of the system.
The speed of elastic tightness on the system depends on the value 0t , the properties of the work piece, and the tool.
It is due to the fact that performance factors, affecting accuracy of the grinding systems, are elastic and thermoelastic deformations in the system.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering.
Assoc Mechanical Engineers Technicians Slovenia, Vol. 51, No 2, 2005), p. 95-102 [2] V.

Traditional CO2 and YAG lasers have been extensively used in cutting, welding, drilling, marking and modifying surface properties and so on.
In fact, as the result of lower melting point and fine heat transmission properties of metal, the narrower the laser pulse, the better effect.
Narrow pulsed width cause little energy loss and smaller heat affected zones.
The determinant factors are essential to choose the parameters.
In addition, other than the above parameters, several factors, such as the wavelength, also require consideration.

Introduction With the rapid development of industrialization, the incidence of pelvis fractures are more and more, the incidence of pelvis fracture is about 20-37 per 10 million, sacral fractures, which make up 20% to 30% of pelvis fractures[1] , seriously affect people’ lives.
Treated by surgery or non- surgical treatment, determined by two factors : the stability of the pelvis and the extent of involvement of the nervous system[3] .
Three-dimensional meshes for pelvis The material properties for the former three-dimensional FEA model of pelvis respectively were given, the material properties of pelvis is cortical bone and the internal fixation implants are titanium alloy.
Material properties of Models as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Material properties used in the finite element model Young modulus(E,MPa) Poisson ratio Cortical bone 16700 0.3 Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) 105000 0.3 The boundary load and boundary condition consistent with the physiological conditions were used for all three-dimensional FEA model of pelvis.

Its mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elongation at break, are comparable with those of polypropylene or high-density polyethylene.
It was found that blending rPET into PBS yielded stronger mechanical properties compared to pure PBS.
Thermal properties of the PBS/rPET blends by DSC.
This indicated that there were other factors rather than only the PET phases that affected in the heterogeneous nucleation of PBS matrix.
Mechanical properties of pure PBS and PBS/rPET blends.