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According to Bhatnagar et al
El Sadek, A.
El, and S.
El-Etriby, “Synthesized nano titanium for methylene blue removal under various operational conditions,” Desalin.
El-mallah, H.

Effect of Coolant Type on Surface Roughness and RSM Modelling in Single-Point Diamond Turning of RSA443 Optical Aluminum Zvikomborero Hwejua and Khaled Abou-El-Hosseinb Ultra-High Precision Engineering Research Unit, Department of Mechatronics, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
as219146578@mandela.ac.za, bKhaled.Abou-El-Hossein@mandela.ac.za Keywords: Rapidly solidified aluminum (RSA) 443, response surface method (RSM), single point diamond turning (SPDT), surface roughness, ultra-high precision diamond turning (UHPDT).
Fanc, et al., "Effect of cooling rate on solidified microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium-A356 alloy," journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 207 pp. 107–111, 2008
Xu, et al., "Refrigerated cooling air cutting of difficult-to-cut materials," International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol. 47, pp. 927-933, 2007

Slenderness effect Theriault et al. [40] and El Echary [42] have suggested that slenderness effect will reduce nominal axial strength of FRP-confined concrete columns.
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Additionally, its intermittent nature imposes a high ramping requirement on other power plants (Albadi and El-Saadany, 2010).
Recently, number of studies have been carried out on the bidding strategies of wind power plant in the day-ahead (DA) markets (Singh and Erlich, 2008; Matevosyan and So ¨der, 2006; Bathurst et al., 2002).
On one hand, energy storage technologies result in increased profitmargins and arbitrage opportunity for wind farm owners, on the other, their high installation cost can make wind energy uncompetitive (Li andWan, 2005).The integration of BESSwith power network has been studied widely in relation to load levelling ( Jung et al., 1996), frequency control (Kottick et al., 1993;Oudalov et al., 2007;Mercier et al., 2009) and smoothing the variability ofwind farm output (Teleke et al., 2009; Lu et al., 2009).
[2] Albadi, M.H. and El-Saadany, E.F. (2010), “Overview of wind power intermittency impacts on power systems”, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 80, pp. 627-32

At this stage, researches on glass / scrap aluminum wearable material have been mostly focused on the system of SiC/AL or Al2O3/Al; but there are only a few studies on glass / scrap aluminum wearable material.
Tab.1 The chemical components of glass particles (wt%) Component SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 K2O Na2O CaO MgO Impurity Wt% 65.88 4.38 0.88 0.42 14.65 7.11 2.93 Margin Tab.2 The physical performances of glass particles Density (g/cm3) Specific heat (103J/kg·K) Coefficient of heat conductivity (W/m·K) Coefficient of heat expansion (10-61/K) Elasticity modulus (104MPa) Hardness (Mohs) Sintering temperature(˚C) 2.32～2.6 0.33～1.05 0.75～0.92 8.20~10.2 6.0～7.5 5-6 720～790 Tab.3 The chemical components of waste Al-Alloy (wt%) Kinds Mg Mn Si Fe Cu Zn Cr Al Pop cans 0.8～1.3 1～1.3 <0.2 <0.7 <0.25 <0.25 <0.1 margin ZL101 0.2~0.4 <0.5 6~8 <0.6 <0.2 <0.3 <0.15 margin Tab.4 The physical performances of aluminum Density （g/cm3） Melting point （˚C） Coefficient of expansion （K-1） Specific resistance （μΩ·cm） Intensity of tension （MPa） Brinell hardness （HB） 2.69 660 23.6×10-6 2.65 80～100 24～32 1.2 The experiment methods In this experiment, the glass particles are put into the aluminum
While it is more than 15wt%, the abrasion resistance of fine particle declines more quickly than that of the coarse particle. 2.3 The development of the waste glass / scrap aluminum wearable materials The physical and mechanical performances comparison among MMC(15wt% glass content), glass and cast al-alloy 101 are shown in Tab.5.
Tab.5 Physical and mechanical performances comparison among MMC, glass and cast al-alloy 101 Item MMC Glass al-alloy 101 Density g×cm-3 2.53~2.57 2.3~2.5 2.69 Sintering temperature ˚C 575 720 660 Coefficient of thermal expansion K-1 (20～350˚C) 19×10-6 (4~11.5)×10-6 23.6×10-6 Resistivity μΩ×cm 17.4~21.4 / 2.65 Elasticity GPa 50~62 55 70 Tensile MPa 80~108 / 90 Bending strength MPa 135~205 / 145 Compressive strength MPa 220~345 / 192 Brinell hardness HB 45~60 Mohs 6~7 24~32 Wear coefficient 4.62（compare with ZL101） / 1 3 Conclusion (1) Waste glass and aluminum can be used to made a lot of the waste glass / scrap aluminum wearable materials (15wt% glass) by the method of mechanical agitation.
[4]El-Bradie Z.M., El-Azim, A.N.Abd.j.

An increasing Al substitution level leads to decreasing cell parameters, due to a smaller ionic radius of Al3+ cations (e.g. r(Al3+ ) = 0.53 Å; r(Fe3+) = 0.63 Å in four-fold coordination) [34].
Increasing Al content leads to decreasing saturation magnetization.
Celinski, Physical properties of Al doped Ba hexagonal ferrite thin films, J.
El-Sayed, T.M.
El Shersaby, Magnetic behavior and dielectric properties of aluminum substituted M-type barium hexaferrite, Phys.

Okamoto et al. at Hitachi Ltd. developed a two-stream injector by implementing an adapter near the orifice to split the fuel flow[4].
Hideyuki Watanabe et al. at Keihin Co.
[4] Okamoto Y., Arai N., Nakagawa K., el at, SAE Paper No. 920705 [5] Hideyuki W., Shinya I., Takahiro N., el at, SAE Paper No.2005-32-0019
[7] Mikiya Araki, Tomio Obokata, Tsuneaki Ishima, et al., SAE Paper No. 2007-32-0050
[8] GUO Hui, ZHANG Zhendong, ZHU Hongping, et al.: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Oct.21~23, 2009.

Cawley et al. [1] are among the first ones to detect damage in elastic structure by using natural frequencies.
Zhong et al. [8] proposed a response-only method for structural damage detection using the corrected natural frequency curve of a damaged beam with a traversing auxiliary mass.
Pandey at el. [9] evaluated the changes in the flexibility matrix of a structure to identify the presence of damage and locate the damage.
Pandey et al. [10] showed that absolute changes in the curvature mode shapes are localized in the region of damage and hence can be used to detect damage in a structure.
Zhong at el. [13] proposed a new approach based on stationary wavelet transform of mode shape for crack detection in beam-like structures.

El-sayed and M.A.
El-sayed: Nano Today Vol. 2 (2007), p. 18 [2] J.
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Panacek, et al: Acta Biomater.

Precipitated and dislocated Si needles in Al matrix can be seen in Fig. 1(c) and (d).
Microstructures of (a) as cast Al-Si monolith (b) as cast Al-Si monolith with 10 wt% AlN addition (c) aged Al-Si monolith (d) aged Al-Si monolith with 10 wt% AlN addition and (e) corresponding EDX results (on black spots) 10 wt% AlN 5 wt% AlN Fig. 2 XRD peaks of Al-Si alloys with 5 wt% and 10 wt% AlN content Fig. 3 shows a set of hardness values for Al-Si alloy and its composites.
For aged Al-Si alloy and composites, the hardness was improved up to 70%.
Wear damages of (a) un-aged Al-Si alloy (b) un-aged Al-Si alloy with 10 wt% AlN (c) aged Al-Si alloy (d) aged Al-Si alloy with 10 wt% AlN (e) BEI of (d) and (f) corresponding EDX spectrum of white patches in (e).
Abd El-Azim, Y.