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However the reliance of the thermal and physical parameters of its component materials on temperature changes was not taken into consideration.
Physical parameters of functional gradient materials Consider a functional gradient material shallow conical shell of which the upper surface is made of ceramics, the lower surface of is made of metal, and the middle part is made of mixture of these two kinds of materials as shown in figure 1(a).
Functional gradient materials (FGMs) belong to isotropic material and its components change with the space coordinates.
AIAA Journal Vol.40(2002), P.162-169 [3] Javaheri R,Eslami M R.
International Journal of Solids and Structures Vol.40(2003),P. 3869-3892 [5] Zhao Yonggang: Static and Dynamic Response of Functional Gradient Material Plates and Shells with Thermal Loads ( Lanzhou University of Technology, 2007) [6] Zhang Jinghua: Functionally graded materials, structural beams, the static mechanical response of the shell structure (Lanzhou University of Technology, 2004) [7] Wang Minlu, Zhang Minghui.

This way paid high premium over meso-fracture for materials’ failure simulation.
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 36(4), 2005. 413–419
International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 3(1), 1994. 57–70
Safety Science, 49(2), 2011. 298–305
Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 41(1), 2007. 52–56

Watkins, Recent developments in titanium alloy application in the energy industry, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 243, 1-2 (1998) 305-315
Wallace, Titanium alloys and processing for high speed aircraft, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 243, Is. 1-2 (1998) 299-304
Koul, Lightweight materials for aircraft applications, Materials Characterization. 35, 1 (1995) 41-67
Boyer, An overview on the use of titanium in aerospace industry, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 213, 1-2 (1996) 103-114
Abramov, Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) – Application in quantitative study of hydrogen evolution and trapping in crystalline and non-crystalline materials, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 445-446 (2007) 625-631

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure of fracture surface and cross section of thin film materials.
Some of the target materials are removed, escaping in the form of a plume.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure of fracture surface and cross section of thin film materials.
Abdullah, Journal of Physical Science, 29 (2018), p25 [9] S.
Roulet, Materials Science and Engineering, B15 (1992), p138 [11] B.

Full details such as element types, contact interface and material models are given in [5].
References [1] Zhouyi Chen, Weijian Yi, Guofan Zhao, Zhengping Sha and Liyan Lin: submitted to Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences) (2005) [In Chinese]
[2] Yongjun Lin, Wenrang Cheng and Jie Li: submitted to Building Science Research of Sichuan (2003) [In Chinese]
Setunge: submitted to ACI Materials Journal (1996) [7] F.
PhD Dissertations, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, (1984) [10] Jiaru Qian, Lirong Cheng and Dongliang Zhou: submitted to Journal of Tsinghua University (Science & Technology) (2002) [In Chinese]

These characteristics of cement based materials are severe drawbacks that not only affect the structural design, but also impress the long term durability of structure.
In order to overcome the previous shortcomings of cementitious materials, this article tried to add MWCNTs[[] Iijima S.
Sinclair, “Microtomography assessment of failure in acrylic bone cement”, Journal of Biomaterials, Elsevier Science, vol. 26, pp. 6460-6466, 2005. ]. 2.
Materials and methods 2.1.
Materials The MWCNTs were purchased from Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co., Ltd, having a length of 5-15 μm (purity > 95%, outer diameter 40-60 nm), the parameters[[]W.

Concretes were prepared containing oil sludge additive to produce new materials for construction.
The materials were aged for periods of 1; 3; 7 and 28 days, in order to stabilize the material.
The presence of K2O, Na2O, CaO and MgO may influence the densifying behavior of the materials [13].
Riedel: Journal of Materials Chemistry Vol. 1 (2013), p. 3815
Riedelc: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 110 (2013), p. 15904.

The rock belongs to brittle material.
The rock is brittle material.
Chinese Journal of rock mechanics and Engineering, 1995, 16(3): 43-48.
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, 2007, 19(4): 37-40.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2013, 62: 34-41

You et.al: Materials Science Forum Vols.475-479(2005), p. 3003-3006
Zhuang et.al: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 70(1997), p. 252-257
Zhen et.al: Materials Science Forum Vols. 546-549(2007), p. 1297-1300
Du et.al: Materials Science and Engineering A.
Du: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 172(2006), p. 202-207

This research is based on the special requirements of steel box girder bridge deck pavement materials and combined with the advantages of cement asphalt emulsion mortar, using cement asphalt emulsion and waterborne epoxy mortar(CAE mortar) as the cementitious materials to prepare the steel box girder bridge deck pavement materials has been put forward.
Experimental Materials.
Journal of Chongqing University (Natural Science Edition). 2003, 26(12):48-54
Journal of Building Materials, 2010, 13(2): 143-149
Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2009, 37(8): 1040-1045.