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The dissimilar materials have different wave impedance in three models.
The dynamic response of foam materials from Refs.[9-14] is helpful to carry out the simulation in this paper.
Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(1) , p.22-29
Shao: Numerical Analysis on Protecting Performance of Layered Arch Structures Subjected to Blast Loading, Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(2) , p.131-136
Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(5) , p.499-504

Recently, the similar materials are used to do the experiment both at home and abroad, yet it can't reflect the original nature and others of rock fissure in original rock mass.
Since the similar material are made of synthetic materials，it cannot reflect the original rock nature-like fissure and mechanical properties and so on.
Laboratory model test In this experiment, collected one large size of undisturbed sample of Tertiary mudstone from one project in Nanning, Guangxi,China, which is used as materials of laboratory model test of surrounding rock in underground tunnel.
References [1] Griggs D T.Creep of rocks [J].Journal of Geol.,1939,47:22-25
[4] WEI Si-jiang ,MA J ian-hong ,SUN Guang–zhong.Study on creep characters of anchorage body in soft rock tunnel [J].JOURNAL OF HENAN POLYTECHN IC UN IVERSITY (NATURAL SCIENCE),2008,27(5)

This was due to at low cutting speed, with the increasing of cutting speed, the fraction between tool and work-piece and the plastic deformation of materials was raised.
Recent development in nickel-based powder superalloy used in aircraft turbines [J], Material Journal, 2002.16(11):17-19 [4] J.W.Zou, W.X.Wang, Development and application of P/M superalloy[J], Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2006.26(3):244-249 [5] B.F.Hu, S.H.Zhang, Study on a nickel base superalloy FGH95 of turbine disc[J], Transactions of metal heat treatment, 1997.18(3):28-36 [6] S.H.Zhang, B.F.Hu, H.Y.Li, et al.
The microstructure and properties of a nickel base superalloy FGH95 [J], Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 1993.15(1):1-9 [7] E.Q.Ezugwu, Z.M.Wang, A.R.Machado, The machinability of nickel-based alloys: a review [J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1999.1(16):1-15 [8] S.H.Zhang, B.F.Hu, H.Y.Li, et al.
The microstrcture and properties of a nickel base superalloy FGH95 [J], Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 1993.15 (1):1-9
High Temperature Oxidation Behavior and Infrared Character of a Ni-Based Superalloy K424[J], Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2008.37 (8):1411-1414.

Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider thermal resistance, thickness and price of thermal insulation materials in improving thermal insulation and anti-radiation performances of houses, so as to select the most cost-effective thermal insulation materials of the most suitable thickness. [9] From 7th November of 2012 to 11th November of 2012, the authors investigated the market of thermal insulation materials in Changsha of Hunan Province.
Architectural Journal, 2010, 31 (3): 100-103
Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2010, 31(3) : 25-31 [4] Li Xiaofeng.
Architectural Journal, 2005,27(7) : 6-11
Architectural Journal, 2010, 28 (3): 96-97

The piezoelectric properties of PZT thick-films are compared to those of ceramics prepared with the same materials.
Conclusion The efficiency of this simple and low-cost process has been demonstrated with the fabrication of MEMS based on different materials (metals, ceramics, glass, glass-ceramics, etc.).
Piezoelectric materials have been chosen for the processing of actuated MEMS, more precisely anchored bridges andFig. 2: Real part of the ElectroMechanical Impedance (EMI) measurements with the Au/PZT/Au microceramic bonded on the metallic structure.
Lucat, Journal of European Ceramic Society, 25, 2105-2113, (2005) [4] S.
Lucat, International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology,1-10, DOI: 10.1111/ijac.12006 (2013)

Introduction With the development of modern material science and constantly improvement of track and field technique, the plastic runway has become one of the essential condition of modern sports facilities.
Polyurethane which is improved by Nanotechnology (PU) nano materials of plastic runway core is the introduction of layered nano materials in PU materials) organic montmorillonite.
TDI Analysis of polyurethane by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, Journal of mass spectrometry, 2005,26（3）:165; [2] Ying Guan.
Plastic sports ground and the corresponding plastic cement material, New chemical materials, 2011,39（1）:36; [3] Xiaojing Zhang.
Development of MDI type polyurethane plastic runway pavement materials[J], Polyurethane industry, 2007,22（2）:36～38

Y (2002) ‘Wear Patterns and Mechanisms of Cutting Tools in High-Speed Face Milling’ Shandong – Journals of Materials Processing Technology 129, pp.222-226
Shareef Iqbal (1995) ‘Machinability Comparison of Casting Methods’ Peoria – Journal of Materials Processing Technology 52, pp.174-191
Y Steven (1996) ‘Three Dimensional Cutting Force Analysis in End Milling’ Atlanta – Journal of Mechanical Science, Vol.38, No.3, pp.259-269
W (2007) ‘Analytical Investigations Concerning the Wear Behaviors of Cutting Tools Used for Machining of Compacted Graphite & Grey Cast Iron’ International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, Vol.51, pp.241-251
Seker Ulvi and Hasirci Hasan (2006) ‘Evaluation of Machinability of Austempered Ductile Irons in Terms of Cutting Forces And Surface Quality’ Turkey – Journal of Materials Processing Technology 173, pp.260-268

According to the energy band theory, the semiconductor materials of narrow band gap was preferable as the visible-light photocatalysts.
The nanocrystalline BiTaO4 is expected to be one kind of promising photocatalytic materials under solar irradiation.
Cao: Materials Letters, Vol. 68 (2012), p. 171 [2] P.
Tong: Materials Letters, Vol. 65 (2011), p. 450 [4] B.
Zhu: Journal of Physical Chemistry C.

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2010;28:572-5
Materials Science Forum. 2007;561-565:675-8
Materials Science and Engineering: A. 1996;209:243-7
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2005;23:155-9
Materials Science and Engineering: A. 1988;105:237-48

The billet had a plastic material formulation.
Physical Modelling In general physical modelling involves the use of model materials like lead, plasticine or wax, which can be deformed easily and could be used to study and predict the deformation of metals.
Moon: Process analysis of multistage forging by using finite element method" Journal of Materials Processing Technology 187-188 (2007) 586-590 [2] T .A Dean: Precision forging, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers; ProQuest Science Journals; (2000), pg. 113 a b c[3] T.
Nakamura1, K.Osakada2: Research And Development Of Precision Forging In Japan, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Japan [4] Richard Douglasa, David Kuhlmann: Guidelines for precision hot forging with applications, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 98 (2000) 182-188 [5] Changjie Sun , Shezhao Li, Bingyi Wang: Analysis of the ironing of a BJ-type constant velocity joint outer race with the upper bound element method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 100 (2000) 209-213 [6] E.
Bohnsack: Closed die technologies for hot forging" Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 98 (2000) 165-170 [7] Eckart Doege, Andre Flub, Jorg Kohlstette, Bernd Mussing: Hot Fleshless Precision Forging of Long Pieces, Development, Realisation, Benefits, IPH- Institute for Integrated Production Hanover ltd., Germany [8] Heon- young kim et al: physical and numerical modeling of hot closed-die forging to reduse forging load and die wear, Journal of Materials Processing Technology.42 (1994) 401-420 [9] T.A.Altan et al: Forging equipment, materials, and practices, October (1973) [10] Victor Vazquez, Taylan Altan: New concepts in die design - physical and computer modeling applications, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 98 (2000) 212-223