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These ions can be exchanged with other ions relatively easily, without affecting the structure of clay mineral [9].
They have specific characteristics such as high specific surface area, cation exchange capacity and hydrating properties [11].
The factors used were: concentration (10, 30 and 50 ppm) and pH (3, 4 and 5).
The oxides with contents lower than 1%, generally do not significantly influence the properties of clay.
There was influence of initial concentration and the interaction of factors only in response removal capacity (qeq).

Recently, ultra-fine-grained steels with grain size smaller than a few µm have been developed and the mechanical properties were investigated.
These results suggest that fatigue properties of notched member with a fine grain are different from the ones in conventional grain sized steel.
Table 2 shows their mechanical properties.
Table.1 Chemical composition ( wt.% ) C Si Mn P S Cu Ni 0.16 0.35 1.4 0.014 0.002 0.02 0.01 Cr Sn T.Al B Nb V Mo 0.02 0.001 0.018 1.00E-04 0.001 0.055 0.002 Table.2 Mechanical properties σy ( MPa ) σB ( MPa ) ψ ( ％ ) 6.5μm 451 603 69.2 20μm 321 515 65.1 (a) Fine-grained steel (b)Coarse-grained steel Fig.1 Microstructures Fig. 2 shows shape and dimensions of specimens.
The fatigue strength reduction factor in a partially notched specimen was smaller than 1.1.

Results show that the pH of the emulsified asphalt has great impact on asphalt-aggregate adhesion by way of the effect of pH on asphalt, asphalt-aggregate adhesion is worst when asphalt emulsion at pH≈4, which is close to the isoelectric point of asphalt, the bigger the zeta potential absolute value of emulsified asphalt, the better the asphalt-aggregate adhesion property.
Introduction Cement, aggregate, emulsified asphalt are the three key materials of CA mortar utilized for slab track, the interaction between emulsified asphalt and aggregate is significant for mortar structure, because it is directly related to the homogeneity, mechanical property and durability of CA mortar.
Emulsified asphalt and aggregate produce a series of physical and chemical effects by adsorption, and the interaction is various due to the interaction is easily affected by a lot of factors[1], therefore,for the purpose of exploring the reaction mechanism and influence factors of emulsified asphalt and aggregate adhesion.
Table 1 Properties of emulsified asphalt Item Unit Index Results Appearance Shallow brown liquid, uniform, No mechanical impurities Shallow brown liquid, uniform, No mechanical impurities Particle charge ＋ ＋ Engler viscosity (25℃) 5～15 7 Sieve test (1.18mm) % <0.1 0.02 Storage stability (1d，25℃) % <1.0 0.6 Storage stability (-5℃) No coarse particles or lumps No coarse particles or lumps Cement mixed % <1.0 0.5 Evaporation residues Oil content % 58～63 61 Penetration (25℃，100g) 0.1mm 60～120 70 Solubility (Trichloroethylene) % >97 99 Ductility (5℃，5cm/min) cm >20 27 Experimental methods .
Mariotti: Study of the electrical properties of cationic bitumen emulsions by micro electrophoresis.

Ag doping could improve the photocatalytic properties of TiO2, and could make better use of antimicrobial silver[4-6].
Antimicrobial properties test.
The sample was washed 10 times, and then testing the appropriate properties.
From the economic efficiency and the performance of fabric, the more antibacterial agent, the more silver content, it not only wasteful, but also make the fabric discoloration, affecting the whiteness and washability [12-15].
Mechanical behavior of farbic.

However, they can be a potential danger when the resource (provided by the static indeterminacy of the structure and other factors) is practically exhausted.
Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine patterns of influence of the changed structure, plastic properties, and material mechanical characteristics on the critical crack length.
The well-known classical Griffiths relationship between the crack length, stresses and stress intensity factor serves as the basis for the engineering calculation of the endurance limit.
Universality of the mechanical behavior of materials, Ufa: USOTU (1998) 363
Balakhnin, The structure formation and properties of hardened structural low-carbon steels during cold radial forging and subsequent thermal exposure: diss ... candidate of technical sciences: 05.16.09.

Hybrid hydrogels displayed minimal cytotoxic properties and allow tailoring of mechanical properties by variation of the loading of the maleic component in the composite.
Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterisation of hydrogels 3.1.2 Swelling studies The swelling properties of scaffolds must be considered when synthesising tissue substitutes due to the influence of swelling on mechanical properties and subsequent cell attachment, migration and neovascularisation [13].
However, in bone tissue engineering, this increase in swelling may have a profound effect on the sustained release of encapsulated growth factors, necessary for cell proliferation and differentiation.
In addition, the decrease in mechanical properties may be attributed to the increase in swelling upon incorporation of maleic chitosan and maleic PVA.
An increase in swelling of hydrogels has previously been shown to result in alteration of mechanical properties, resulting in weaker scaffolds [19, 20, 21].

However, the high cobalt content (table 1) strongly affects the alloy cost which is significantly more expensive than that of other C&W superalloys (figure 1). 718Plus presents a moderate cost compared to current C&W superalloys [5-6] due to a reasonable cobalt content and the presence of iron (table 1), but its mechanical properties are significantly lower than those of U720Li and TMW4.
Thus, it can be considered that 718Plus and TMW4 do not improve the compromise between cost and mechanical properties currently offered by U720Li.
Nb was selected in new alloys due to its beneficial effect on mechanical properties up to 2.5 wt% [10]: above this value, this element may be harmful especially for crack propagation.
These elements are known to be beneficial for mechanical properties at high temperatures [13] but strongly affect the alloy density.
Mechanical properties of Ni30 and Ni33 are at least similar to those of U720Li.

There is no erosion prediction model can be suitable for all conditions well for that the erosion rate of the material is influenced by material itself, caustic fluid, the environment, and many other factors [3].
Experimental materials and methods Experimental material is taken from P110 tubing in Changqing gas field, and its chemical compositions are shown intable1, mechanical properties shown in table2.
Mechanical properties of P110 steel in experiments Tensile strength （MPa） Yield strength （MPa） Elongation（%） Hardness ≥862 758-965 ≥11 ≤241HB Experimental device is self-made erosion test device.
Value range of n in the formula depends on the application situation, the material and abrasive properties.
Sands and chlorine ions influence on erosion and corrosion properties of P110 tubing [J].Chemical machinery, 2012, 39(4):447-448

Field Emission Properties of Al-doped ZnO Nanostructures Shalaka C.
The field enhancement factors, estimated from the slope of the F-N plots, are found to be ~ 9.3 x 10 3 and 3.9 x 10 3 for 1% and 3% Al-doped ZnO emitters, respectively.
Introduction With the advent of nanotechnology, one-dimensional nanostructures of metals and semiconductors having different morphologies such as wires, belts, rods and tubes have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties leading to diverse technological applications.
It is well known that addition of impurities in the semiconducting lattice alters its electrical properties significantly.
This implies the formation of defect states, which in turn affect the emission current.

The elasto-plastic properties of the material are described by Von Mises yield criterion and stress-strain of uniaxial cyclic loading.
Introduction The fatigue of material under random scanning vibration is a complex problem, there are many influencing factors, and most influential factors can not be described quantitatively by mathematical methods until now.
In recent years, although the properties of cyclic stress-strain, the relations between cyclic stress and fatigue, cyclic strain and fatigue life, of metal material have been studied [1-3], but these studies did not involve high frequency.
The shell structures of notched torus are used in motor of aircraft commonly, and the cyclic loading is put on it usually, fatigue is the major factor to affect the fatigue life.
Taking into account the two factors of entire frequency scanning and high-frequency, the revised factor should be: λ = 0.4 ~ 0.6.