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Note that the specimen was exposed to the laser before data acquisition, in order to reduce the positive charges induced by the previous electron irradiation.
In spite of this, when compared with the result in Fig. 3(a), we notice a significant reduction in the undesired charging effect.
In subsequent observations, all holography data were acquired within 3 min after the completion of the mechanical friction.
The friction, however, definitely induces tribocharges (negative charges), as demonstrated by the reduction in the spacing of contour-line spacing.
This phenomenon can be explained by the reduction of tribocharges as a result of the laser exposure.

The results were expressed as shear rate vs. shear stress (flow curves) and the Herschel-Bulkley model (Eq. 1) was applied to downward-flow curves to fit the experimental data and used to describe mortars rheological behaviour: τ=τ0+kγn (1) where τ is the shear stress, γ is the shear rate, τ0 corresponds to the yield stress, k is the consistency coefficient and n is the fluidity index which characterizes shear-thinning (n < 1) or shear-thickening (n > 1) behaviour of a mortar.
Experimental data were reported in terms of complex modulus, G*, and loss tangent, tan(δ), defined by Eq. 2 and Eq. 3: G*=G'2+G''2 (2) tan(δ)=G''G' (3) The complex modulus (G*) expresses the stiffness of the material; the higher the G* value, the harder the material is.
As proved by the spread reduction, both of the guar ethers had a marked thickening effect, contrary to the native guar gum which reduced the spread of lime mortars by 18% only.
The reduction of spread is much more effective than in the case of cellulose ether or starch ether [11,14,16].
· As proved by the spread reduction, both of the guar ethers had a marked thickening effect, contrary to the native guar gum

It can achieve 95% of turbidity reduction, 98% of TSS removal, 93% of COD reduction.
The maximum percentage removal of 94.65% for SS occurred at the PAC dose of 750g/t, No further appreciable reduction in SS could be observed at higher dose of PAC.
This phenomenon could be confirmed from the data in Fig 3.
Conclusions The following conclusions can be drawn from the data presented above: [1]Among the reagent of PAC, PAFC and N83376, the use of PAC or PAFC alone can’t strengthen the settling obviously, the use of N83376 can enhance the sedimentation greatly, however the turbidity of supernatant is high.

Investment data and methods.
The cocoon quality presented much more differences because of the shortening of whole instars and the reduction of mulberry leaf consumption.
The results indicated that silk length of trimolter cocoons of the 3rd treatment group was not so different from that of the control group with the relative indexes of 95.43% and 98.86%.The the reason was the reduction of silk filament of trimolters, although the weight of dried cocoon of trimolters of the 3rd treatment group decreased obviously, and they only reached to 59.63% and 74.26% of the control group.
Table 3 Analysis of physical and chemical characters of trimolter and tetramolter cocoons Varieties Treatment group Breaking strength Elongation rate Sericin content cN[dtex] Index[%] Value[%] Index[%] Value[%] Index[%] Liangguang NO.2 3rd instar 0.325 61.21 20.91 91.15 19.42 91.60 4th instar 0.232 43.69 17.29 75.37 21.20 104.64 Control 0.531 100 22.94 100 20.26 100 Qiufeng×Baiyu 3rd instar 0.542 104.84 24.76 117.12 21.63 91.93 4th instar 0.361 69.83 20.72 98.01 21.30 90.53 Control 0.517 100 21.14 100 23.53 100 Note: In the above table, breaking strength and Elongation rate of trimolter cocoons refer to the average data of the 230-460 th meter from outer layer to inner layer.
The sericin content of silkworm variety Liangguang NO.2 in the 4th treatment group reached to 104.64%, which indicating the reduction of transformation efficiency from mulberry to silk.

An optimum binder content was chosen for all mixtures so that the amount of binder would not confound the analysis of the test data.
From this data, it exhibits that Tensile Strength Ratio value of asphalt concrete with AMF is higher than that of non-containing AMP asphalt concrete and that all of those value conform to specification.
Base on Fig. 3, it can be seen that the reduction amplitude of TSR of asphalt concrete containing lime filler (controlled group) is bigger than asphalt concrete with AFP(experiment group).
Compared with the rutting test, the dynamic stability value of soaking rutting decreased from 4701.5 to 1754.9 and from 5943.4 to 3103.4, moreover the reduction amplitude of asphalt concrete containing lime filler is bigger than asphalt concrete with AMP, 2946.6 and 2839.9 respectively.
However the reduction amplitude of base asphalt concrete is bigger than asphalt concrete contenting AMP.

Ke Wang et al studied the CO2 emissions reduction potential in China’s iron and steel industry.
Empirical analysis We standardized the sample data before analyzing them to make the data comparability.we select 13 indicators and 5 common factors to assess the financial risk of iron and steel companies through adjusting financial indicators(as shown in Table 1).
Variables Factor rotating load estimation Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5 1 Main Business Profitability .814 -.046 .927 .036 -.178 2 ROA .978 .146 -.025 -.024 .323 3 ROE .961 .009 .204 .196 .323 4 Current Ratio -.141 .961 .319 .295 .021 5 Quick Ratio .236 .923 -.006 -.003 .163 6 Debt Asset Ratio -.144 .817 -.204 -.256 -.178 7 Total Assets Turnover .077 .288 .825 .564 -.042 8 Shareholders’ Rights Growth Rate .213 .121 .034 .884 .026 9 Net Profit Rate of Return .023 .241 .028 .956 .356 10 Accounts Receivable Turnover -.070 -.286 .074 .236 .853 11 Inventory Turnover .862 .261 -.030 -.562 .272 12 Carbon Reduction R&D Spending Growth Rate -.161 .136 .037 .125 .896 13 Carbon Reduction Cost growth rate -.196 .067 .189 .562 .913 Eigenvalue 3.615 3.232 2.564 1.137 1.021 Variance Contribution 32.568 26.695 22.368 10.236 7.654 The Cumulative Variance Contribution Rate 32.568 59.273 81.641 91.877 98.531 Name of Factors Profitabi-lity Factor Solvency Factor Carbon Reduc- tion Ability

In reference [23] this fact is deemed to be related with compaction under compression and reduction of porosity [24]; this is seen as a result of moisture diffusion to unhydrated cement grains and increase of degree of hydration in other writings [25-27].
In this regard, the study posed the following tasks: · obtain data on the intensity of peaks of mineral crystallization when the load is applied at different stages of hardening of the samples; · establish differences in peaks of hydration products of high-aluminate cement subjected to prolonged compression at different stages of hardening; · using a cement paste with a different water-cement ratio to determine the influence of this characteristic on the morphology of the hydration products formed under compression.
It is indicated by reduction of C2AH8 peak at 2Θ=34.56° (its intensity was much higher in the Fig.1) and appearance of peaks of cubical hydroaluminates (2Θ=31.88°; 38.06°; 66.66°).
This conclusion correlates well with the above-noted increase in recrystallization (when comparing data in Figures 1 and 3), which is characterized by increasing porosity and a redistribution of some water [2.6-7.9].
Kosolapov, Formation of the structure of cement stone in concrete during short-term reduction, Izvestiya vuzov.

The XPS data processing has been performed with ECLIPSE software using a calculated Shirley background.
The low S surface coverage obtained by segregation in this experiment is in agreement with previous data reported by Rivoaland et al. [8] that showed that a large amount of sulfur could only be segregated on the Ni-enriched surface of the alloy and that S segregation was limited to small amounts when the surface was Al-enriched.
But the main information is the reduction of the voids growth at 900°C in the NiAlPt sample, under atmospheric pressure.
Therefore, the beneficial effect associated with Pt incorporation could be to increase the diffusion coefficient of aluminium and decreases the diffusivity of others elements [15], which consequently inhibits the Kirkendall mechanism and could explain the drastic reduction in void growth.
Alternatively, during the transformation of crystal structure from monoclinic (θ phase, d = 3,64) to hexagonal (α phase, d = 3,97), the volume reduction (∼ 10 %) , resulting of the higher density of the α phase, contribute to the formation of mechanical stresses in the oxide, which could be reduced with Pt incorporation.

These data were evaluated by an algorithm based on a FEM continuous simulation of nanoindentation [4], which enables the determination of pristine film and substrate elasto-plastic laws (see fig. 2b).
Furthermore, after the impact procedure, a reduction of the maximum indentation depth occurs in the impact center area compared to the untreated one i.e.
Additional significant data, which can be determined by the developed FEM model, are the film as well as the substrate residual stresses in three main directions (X,Y,Z).
On the other hand, the elastic tensile stresses at reference point Pe lead to a yield stress reduction [9].
Moreover, according to the FEM calculated results, in the region near the imprint center, the intense compressive stresses lead to a reduction of the maximum indentation depth, whereas the tensile ones in the imprint vicinity result to indentation depth increase. 4.3 Analytical results verification Similar investigations i.e FEM calculations and nanoindentations were conducted for impact imprint areas at impact loads of 30 and 90 daN.

Therefore, numerous constitutive equations have been developed attempting to model the flow behavior of magnesium alloys from the experimental measured data to describe the hot deformation behavior.
Uniaxial compression tests were carried out at constant strain rates from 0.001 to 1s-1 and at temperatures from 523 to 673K on the Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator with a height reduction of 60%.
Therefore, the stress peak is not identical with the onset of DRX, rather reduction of DRX has to occur before peak strain εp is reached.
This is attributed to the high temperature leading to the increase of the stored energy and reduction the critical strain of DRX.
The stress-strain data obtained from isothermal compression tests can be used to determine the materials constants of the constitutive equation.