Search results

According the data of instantaneous emission and GPS, the diesel vehicle emission characteristic is analysed and evaluated.
Vehicle Specific Power(VSP), a kind of parameter to analysis telemeasuring data of comprehensive operating conditions, is put forward by José Luis Jiménez Palacios from MIT.
(2) In different road types and different VSP, the PN and PM of Bu10 and Bu20 are obviously less than that of Bu0, and the reduction becomes more obvious as the proportion of butanol increased.
(4) Because of the oxygen containing, butanol-diesel blends can obviously minish the particle size, which leads to the reduction of PN and PM emissions.
Reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by adding water-containing butanol into a diesel-fueled engine generator [J].

Introduction Recent research in materials science and production processes toward energy consumption and weight reduction gained significant attention [1-3].
Employing new and/or recently developed semi-solid methods as squeeze casting, thixoforming and rheocasting one is able to produce component with at least the same level of properties and performances, but nevertheless the half-century evolution there is a serious demand for additional and more detailed rheological data [4-9].
Using these processes, significant reduction of the defects was obtained, as well as good surface quality and high dimensional accuracy [10, 11].
In addition, reduction of about 5% of the total weight has been achieved.
[13] Rosso M., Peter I., Chiarmetta G., Gatelli I., “Extremely light weight rheocast components for auto motive”, Diffusion and Defect Data Pt.B: Solid State Phenomena 192-193, 2012, pp. 545-550

The alloy phases were identified using chemical composition input from SEM/EDX, crystallographic characteristics from electron back-scatter pattern (EBSP) along with literature data base.
However, Fe containing Al5.1Si35.4Ti1.6Zr5.7Fe phase was detected, which according to the literature data could be (AlSi)2(TiZr)Fe.
For temperatures up to 150 oC, the reference grade experienced hardness reduction instead of the increase observed for the Zr-V-Ti containing alloy.
For as-cast Zr-V-Ti containing alloys, the first hours of aging at 150 oC led to reduction in hardness from around 84 HRF to just below 80 HRF.
Then, the hardness reduction was seen for aging times close to 100 h.

The Zero-IF receiving circuit is then carried out (See Typical Structure of Zero-IF Receiving Circuit in Fig. 1 on next page) with No image frequency interference since the IF is zero; moreover, both image frequency suppression filters and signal channel selection filters can be saved for moNolithic integration and cost reduction.
The thesis mainly solves these defects through source analysis, rational data allocation from receivers and structural improvement.
Project for No DC Drift.Three steps are determined for No DC drift in New Project as below: (1) Inter-LO correlation established by frequency doublers; (2) Notable Distance elongation between image frequency interference signals and radio frequency signals in accordance with Theory of Image Frequency Interference; (3) DC Drift reduction or even disappearance based on No image frequency suppression filter and simplified IF channel selection.
The field effect tube ATF34143 in the first class is applied for Noise factor reduction since the Noise factor is very low in the field effect tube.
According to data in Table 1 and ADS simulation, the effective signal power from antenna to input ports of isolating amplifier is －50dBm — 21dBm higher than LO signals leaked to the input ports of isolating amplifier.

In the heat treatment the part is heated until the yield point is reduced to less than the residual stress, which in turn causes local plastic distortion, decrease of the residual stress intensity and reduction of hardness.
- Reduction of stress corrosion resistance.
Chemical composition of steel specimens (manufacturer's data) Steel grade Composition (mass), % C Si Mn Cr Ni S P S355J2 0.16 0.55 1.1 0.22 0.15 0.015 0.02 Table 2.
Mechanical properties of steel specimens (manufacturer's data) Steel grade Tensile strength, Rm, MPa Yield strength, Re, MPa Elongation, A5, % Impact work ISO-V KV, J/cm 2 S355J2 530 390 24 120 (20o C) Heat treatment Heat treatment was carried out in the furnace according to Standard CR ISO/TR 17663 [5].
The decrease in hardness resulting from both treatments was similar, indicating an effective reduction in residual stress.

Grinding heat thermoelectric potential signal produced by thermocouple is lead out from the sample through shielding conductor and magnified and transmitted into data acquisition card of PCI6014 through INV-4 multi-purpose anti-mixes filter amplifier.
horn and transducer cymometer ultrsrasonic generator horn and transducer cymometer ultrsrasonic generator grinding wheel Vs ceramics workpiece Vw electricity amplifier data acquisition card computer result display thermocople f , b f , a Fig.1 Experiment schematic diagram of measuring temperature Experiment Conditions.
This will lead to the grinding temperature reduced, and the reduction of grinding temperature equal to increasing the plastic working area, and bettering the machinability of ceramics.
The increment of wheel speed Vs will lead to the reduction of hmax.
This is because in TDUVG, the single wheel particle rake face contacts the workpiece uncontinuously, which is favorable for the elimination of heat and reduction of the grinding heat.

The stored energy not only depends on deformation temperature and reduction [4], but also on strain rate and stress state.
However, recent data for an alloy containing commercial levels of iron and magnesium and additionally chromium in solid solution suggest that the solute effects on recrystallization control in industrial processing of aluminum alloys should not be underestimated, Fig. 4 [8].
The data show that at the onset of recrystallization a large number of soluble phases are precipitated, interfering with the on-going recrystallization process.
Recrystallization can be very sensitive to minor changes in composition, processing temperature, and reduction ratio (ratio between ingot size and final product size).
Thus, many parameters need to be controlled in the production of fully recrystallized products: final grain size is affected by the as-solidified grain size, intermediate anneals, reduction ratio, homogenization temperature and time.

In the results, the author has shown that increasing the polymer network caused a reduction in the size of the crystallites of the synthesized material.
The X-ray diffraction data was used to phase identification and to calculate the crystallite size from the peak widening using Scherer equation [13].
Structural characteristics from X-ray diffraction data of alumina synthesized by Pechini method.
According to Costa [9] an increase in polymeric network causes a reduction in the crystallite size, i.e., increasing the ratio between citric acid and metallic cation increases the distance between the clusters, which favors the lower growth of particles, however these changes happen due to the high sensibility of this synthesis in relation to the heating rate, environment, amount of organic matter to be calcined and these aspects can cause the increase in crystallite size.
It also perceived that the increase in proportion from 2:1 to 3:1 in citric acid and metallic cation provide an increase in the amount of agglomerates and a reduction in their dimensions. 2:1 2:1 2:1 3:1 3:1 3:1 Fig. 4 – SEM images of the alumina samples synthesized by Pechini method with 2:1 and 3:1 proportion of citric acid and metallic cation.

Data of steel is high-alloyed, however even they not always provide the required indicators of an operational resource.
Use of the wash basin providing reduction of gas inclusions is obligatory, at the same time the supply of metal is carried out in a massive part of casting.
On the basis of results of a number of researches [14], it is possible to assume that drawing coverings on a form-building surface by method of gating system will lead to decrease in coefficient of friction between a metal form and the alloy interacting with her regardless of his brand, to reduction of pressure upon form-building details and decrease in temperature on a form-building surface at the time of fusion filling that has to increase quality of the received castings.
Savin, Calculation of the Amount of the Reduction Required for the Formation of Compound Layers during Cold Rolling of Bimetals.
Groshev, Formation of initial data of the workpiece batch in simulation modelling precision forming, International scientific and technical conference innovative mechanical engineering technologies, equipment and materials 2014, 86 (2015) 12011.

The texture of Cu-16%Mn alloy rolled by 97.5% reduction in thickness was approximated by the brass orientation [11].
Fe-18%Mn-0.6%C, Fe-18%Mn-1.5%Al-0.6%C, and Fe-18%Mn-3%Al-0.6%C sheets, which were subjected to cold-rolling by 60-80% reduction in thickness in 30-40 passes, followed by annealing for 10 min at 800 ºC in Ar atmosphere, developed strong α-fiber texture composed of {110}<001>, {110}<115>, {110}<112>, {110}<111>, and {110}<011> orientations, with the densities of {110}<001>, {110}<115>, and {110}<112> components being much higher than others [14].
Ferry and Humphrey [26] plane-strain-compressed a Goss oriented Al single crystal by 95% reduction in thickness.
The grain boundary energy and mobility data of brass are not available.
If the data are applicable to fcc brass, the 40°<111> relation may be established between the brass rolling orientation and the {236}<385> recrystallization orientation as shown in Fig. 3.