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Xie 1 1 Department of Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Keywords: Plane Cross Grating, X-Y Stage, System Error Sources Abstract.
Experiments on factors such as system noise, guide error and motion interference are presented and the results are analyzed.
The noise of internal direction is larger than that of external one because inertia of internal layer is less and easier to be affected by environment.
Although this deflection does not affect the angle between the measurement and the motion direction, it will change the space between interference fringes and affect grating counter and subdivision.
The environment noise or disturbance mainly affects the system motion resolution.

Rao, Extraction and tensile properties of natural fibres: vakka, date and bamboo, Compos.
Verpoest, Morphological aspects and tensile mechanical properties of single bamboo (Guadua angustifolia) fibres and flexural characterization of bamboo/epoxy composites, J.
Wang, Resistance of natural baboo fiber to microorganism, and factors that may affect such resistance, Bio Resour. 8(4) (2013) 6501-6509
Yamamoto, Development of bamboo-based polymer composites and their mechanical properties, Compos.
Pickering, Properties and performance of natural-fiber composites, Elsevier (2008) 248.

Furthermore, conventional techniques have difficulty in finishing advanced engineering materials such as silicon nitride, silicon carbide and aluminum oxide, etc. with super-finishing, accuracy and less surface defects because of their rigid tool which affects advanced engineering properties for these materials [50].
This medium is a mixture of abrasive particles with polymeric materials to form cutting tool with required rheological properties to finish the workpiece.
Also, they determined that machining time, type of abrasive, concentration of SG, and mesh number of SG were the most important factors to dominate the behavior of surface roughness.
The researchers have found that magnetic field, concentration of abrasive particles, working gap and feed rate had significant effect on surface roughness, while rotational speed and lubricants were not important factors affecting surface roughness.
Weight of abrasives was found to be the most significant process parameter affecting the material removal rate.

These methods are worthy to be considered to enhance the surface properties of titanium implant manufactured by EDM and have considerable economic savings.
Thus, for this criteria, excepting HCl acid etching, the methods carried out in this study are worth consideration to enhance the surface properties of titanium implant manufactured by EDM.
Feller et al. revealed that cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation are influenced by the material properties of titanium implants, including their wettability [28].
The comparison of contact angles (A - original EDM before engineered; B - rotary polishing; C - ultrasonic cleaning; D - mechanical brushing; E - HCl-etching; F - H2SO4-etching) The two factors that most influence the wettability of material are surface morphology and chemical components [29].
Fang, Influence of multiple factors on the wettability and surface free energy of leaf surface, Applied Sciences 9 (2019) 593

The intensity of reflected radiation depends on the optical surface properties of the encountered material.
On this fact is based the possibility of identification of certain components of the mixture, if the optical properties are considerably different from other components.
The limit of demarcation between reflectance of coal and different types of sterile is influenced by disturbing factors that occur at the plant operating detection under practical conditions such as: material humidity, the variability level of the material on the conveyor belt, the existence of a light background ambient.
The intensity of the reflected radiation depends on the optical properties of surface of the met environment.
On this fact lies the possibility to identify the presence of certain components in a composition if optical properties sensibly differ from other components, [2].

Introduction Processing of PP and Polyamide（PA66） incompatible polymer pair in which PA66 forms microfibrils is a preferable way to achieve higher mechanical properties of PP.
There have been many researchers focusing on these topics, but these composites possessed not excellent mechanical properties [1-6].
In order to develop PP/PA66 in-situ microfibrillar composite that possess comprehensive excellent mechanical properties, the macroscopic fiber reinforced composites with good mechanical properties were learned from, which exhibited the structure characteristics of strong interfacial adhesion and moderate flexible interface[7], profiled microfibrils[8, 9]; Meanwhile consideration based on feature of PA66 microfibrils generated in situ.
The title PP/ modified PA66 (m-PA66) in-situ microfibrillar composite with excellent mechanical properties was prepared by thermal mechanical blending of PP and m-PA66 prepared by reaction blending of PA66 and RIC through a “post-compatibilization” technique.
The crosslinked copolymer content (G) was mainly affected A, D and F.

Due to the irregularity of inner hole of flat receptacle, inconsistent resistance of shrinking fitting affects the inner hole within which nonuniform deformation occurs.
Considering the processing and assembling factors, we adopt the elliptical outer layer and circular inner layer as the new structure.
Due to the irregular shape of inner hole of flat receptacle, inconsistent resistance of shrinking fitting affects the inner hole within which nonuniform deformation occurs.
Inputs to the FEM simulation were thermal properties and flow stress for receptacle material and process information (pressure, ambient temperature and steady-state receptacle temperature).
The other method is not to directly provide the explicit definition of optimum parameters, while it uses the properties distribution of analyzing object as the optimizing object.

The hoop orientation degree of PVC-O pipes is an important factor to the evaluation of forming quality.
Introduction It is advisable to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer materials by deforming the polymer at certain conditions and achieving the oriented structure.
For the PVC-O pipe, the mechanical properties are greatly affected by the hoop orientation degree, the higher orientation degree lead to the better mechanical properties.
These advantages make the use of ultrasonic to determine the orientation degree which is more suitable for the characterization of the average orientation level, which is closely associated with the macroscopic mechanics properties.
Properties of Rayleigh wave.

This process has many advantages for die casting process such as reducing the gas porosity and shrinkage porosity in work piece, improving mechanical properties.
The surface roughness is one of indexes of product quality because it has influence on the mechanical properties for instance fatigue behavior, corrosion resistance, creeps life, etc.
Used the factorial experimental design to investigate the main effect of surface roughness in face milling process and found that the factors have effect on surface roughness were feed rate and spindle speed while the depth of cut did not affect surface roughness for semi-solid 2024, 6061, 7075 aluminum alloys [5] - [7].
Two level factorial experimental design is very useful to filter out the factor which do not have effect on the result.
The increasing of the spindle speed and depth of cut affected surface roughness declined.

The maximum damping force can not be further increased due to space constraint of size and other factors contributed to, although the structure is simple but limit the improvement of its performance.
The damping force provided by magnetorheological fluids changes with the rheological properties.
Shear yield stress, directly leading to rheological properties of magnetorheological fluid, has a critical influence on performance of damper.
The damping gap is also a very important design parameter as it’s cubic inversely proportional to the damping force, even a small reduce would greatly increase the output of a shock absorber, but if the gap is too small, it will cause MRF retardation, affect mobility, and increase difficulties of making shock absorbers, so it is usually designed 1-2mm [6].
The increment of piston diameter is allowed to increase output of the shock absorbers, but it has shortcomings that on one hand it reduces the adjustable damping factor, on the other hand it increases the volume of shock absorbers as seen from Eq.3.