Search results

Degradation of carbohydrates can cause the deterioration of mechanical properties of wood.
The interaction among the chemical changes and mechanical as well as physical properties were researched and discussed in many papers.
Some authors determined the interaction of the overall colour change and mechanical properties of wood [8], loss of weight, amount of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin and the substance properties [9,20].
Niemz, Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood, Holzforschung. 57 (2003) 539-546
Younsi, Effect of thermal treatment on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of Birch and Aspen, Bioresources. 3 (2008) 517-537

After a long time running, the parts of metro vehicles will have a certain degree of wear and fear and aging, the car body’s bottom include running gear, dynamo, electrical cabinets and so on will be deposited amount of dust; these things will affect vehicle's property and service life, lead to accidents.
In the dust generation process, what plays a decisive role is the air flow speed, not mechanical force, gravity or other forces.
The dust has five properties include adhesion, cohesion, charge, flammability and water absorption.
These dusts are attached to the running gear, motors and electrical cabinets in metro’s bottom, as time passes, the dusts become more and more, and they are enough to affect the normal driving of the vehicle.
Parameter of the air compressors and vacuum cleaner was selected by the calculated data, and then multiply the safety factor to ensure dusts can be inhaled in the pipelines.

Cd, Pb and other heavy metals enter soil through various channels, which stay in the environment for a long time and directly or indirectly affect agricultural yield and quality.
Plant absorption and accumulation of Cd, Pb and other heavy metals are affected by many factors, such as soil moisture, texture, pH value, organic matter, organic acid, coexisting elements [2-5], and there are many studies in these aspects.
Basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties and contents of heavy metals in test soil pH Organic matter / % Mechanical composition / % Heavy metal content / mg/kg Sand Particle Clay particle Cd Pb 6.50 1.55 21.4 46.5 32.1 0.12 18.35 Test plant: wheat (Liaochun No. 10, Triticum aestivum.
Basic physical and chemical properties of soil are measured by conventional analysis of soil agrochemistry [10].

However, due to their the hexagonal close-packed structure and low stacking fault energy[3-4], ZK series magnesium alloys also exhibit many drawbacks such as poor plastic deformation ability at low temperature, elevated temperature mechanical strength and creep property, and yield asymmetry in uniaxial tension and compression.
It is well known that the strength of alloy is mainly due to very fine precipitates, containing both Zn and Zr, for its solid-solution strengthening effects to optimizing the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys [7].
These different studies covered the various microstructural evolutions, mechanical properties and corrosion protection [9-10], correspondingly, and there is less study on the constitutive relation of the alloys with during deformation.
Constitutive equations The deformation behavior is mainly affected by compression condition.
The flow stress is significantly affected by deformation temperature and strain rate, the flow stress decreases with the deformation temperature increasing and strain rate decreasing

Electrostatic enhancement of coalescence is to apply a high electric field to the flowing emulsion to affect coalescence.
The effect of electrostatic enhancing coalescence depend on several factors, such as the electric field[2,3,4,7,8], the frequency[2,3], electrode design and coating[2,3], drop size[3,5], water cut[3,6,7], hydrodynamic conditions (flow rate, turbulence, residence time)[3,7,8] and crude oil composition and presence of surfactants[3,6,9].
Moreover, the simulation results are used to study the main factors on coalescence of droplets.
The important properties of the liquids are given in Table 1.
Table 1 The properties of the liquids used in the experiments Liquids Conductivity (µS m-1) Viscosity (Pa s) Surface tension (mN m-1) Density (kg m-3) Dielectric constant Distilled water 4.0×10-4 1.0 72 998 80 Kerosene+2%asphaltene 1.6×10-14 0.92 24.5 802.0 2.2 It is mainly paid attention that the electric force affects the motion of the droplets in stationary oil.

Introduction In situ stress is one of the most principal and basic factors causing the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock mass and support, as well as the dynamic disasters in mining engineering [1,2].
All the factors influencing the mining stability should be investigated and analyzed comprehensively and in detail at first for the reasonable mining design and construction.
The design with rational technology, safe construction and higher economic profit cannot be guaranteed without mastering these factors with calculations and analysis [4].
(Fig.3) Layout of the Measuring Points In situ stress measurement is influenced by many factors, and the selection of the right measuring points is the most important one.
Rock mechanical parameters Table 1 showed the rock mechanical properties of rock cores measured in lab as lack of field experiment systems.

Three factors with three levels was considered for the designing the set of experiments.
The different factors, their levels, and the experimental design are shown in Table 1. and Table 2.
Factors and their respective levels Factors Level I Level II Level III Speed, rpm 355 500 710 Feed, mm/min 20 40 80 Depth of cut, mm 0.2 0.3 0.5 Table 2.
The work piece was modelled as a deformable body and was assigned with the properties of AISI 1045 steel material, a milling cutter (4-flute end mill) was chosen to be the tool.
Force variation for the end milling operation on AISI 1045 steel Discussion By doing a regression analysis on the experimental data, it was found that the factors considered in the design actually affect the output parameter, which is residual stresses.

In this paper we have generally considered model applicability, and successfully introduce the time variable to describe various physical & chemical properties of pollutants in any time point.
(4) Human influence index: (11) (5) By Analytic Hierarchy Process, the all above attenuation index can be combined into: (12) There are many other factors affecting the distribution of pollutant concentration
● Water factors: dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, ammonia compounds, etc
● Human factors.
● By variables separation method: (25) ● In order to distinguish k and i, the Ci is substituted as Ck. 2.3.2 Properties of Fourier transformation (1) Linear properties: (26) (2) Differential properties: (27) (3) Reversible properties: Let (28) then： (29) 2.3.3 3-order Fourier transformation (1) Fourier transformation We perform Fourier transformation to Eq.

The properties of ECC are optimized on the basis of micromechanics design methodology.
It improves the durability and mechanical properties.
Adverse affecting properties of low quality ingredients present in ECC can be overcome with the design based on micromechanical studies [Li et al. 2004].Various properties of ECC are improved due to the design based on micromechanics.
The objective of this study is to determine the mechanical properties of Engineered Cementitious Concrete with hybrid steel and polypropylene; only with polypropylene fibres addition in various dosages.
The properties of fibers are presented in Table 1.

This factor infuences the total scrap amount in the industries, which can go up to 10% in percentage over the total production quantities [2].
Mechanical Proprieties.
The 2 and 2.5 m/s specimens have higher properties, as the peak moves to the right of the chart (between 5 and 6 % in 2 m/s samples, and close to 6% in 2.5 m/s specimens).
In these settings, the highest number of defects caused higher stress intensification factors (while applying the tensile load), therefore the fracture of the specimens occurred earlier.
The two cast cavities had distinct tensile properties, with the specimens from the right cavity having superior fracture elongations.