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However, due to the development of new technologies it is increasingly difficult to find a polymer with all characteristics for a particular application, whether for reasons of mechanical properties, ways to made or cost.
The use of fiber like reinforcement in polymer composites to added new properties to the material mainly from viewpoint of the mechanical behaviour: mechanical resistance combined with the minimum weight.
In this case, different processes such as chemical reactions and low molecular weight components can be active, affecting the water absorption kinetics.
In this sense, the aim of this work was to study the anomalous behaviour of moisture diffusion in composite materials reinforced by vegetable fibers using the Langmuir-Type model in a one-dimensional approach and transient, considering the constant thermophysical properties.
The destructive changes usually occurs due to degradation of probable existing physical-chemical interactions between the resin and fiber, as a consequence, there is a shift in the fiber, causing delamination and reduction in the composite material properties.

However, the high cobalt content (table 1) strongly affects the alloy cost which is significantly more expensive than that of other C&W superalloys (figure 1). 718Plus presents a moderate cost compared to current C&W superalloys [5-6] due to a reasonable cobalt content and the presence of iron (table 1), but its mechanical properties are significantly lower than those of U720Li and TMW4.
Thus, it can be considered that 718Plus and TMW4 do not improve the compromise between cost and mechanical properties currently offered by U720Li.
Nb was selected in new alloys due to its beneficial effect on mechanical properties up to 2.5 wt% [10]: above this value, this element may be harmful especially for crack propagation.
These elements are known to be beneficial for mechanical properties at high temperatures [13] but strongly affect the alloy density.
Mechanical properties of Ni30 and Ni33 are at least similar to those of U720Li.

Our investigations also concluded that other environmental factors can also play a secondary contribution in limiting service life of the refractory lining in the superstructure, particularly in the upper wall region.
The upper walls are subject to mechanical abrasion during cleaning operations, so some degree of abrasion resistance is necessary in the refractory lining to cope with the mechanical stress endured during cleaning.
This knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing material technologies was then used as the basis for a series of reformulations to find the optimum balance of bond and aggregate chemistry and product granulometry that produced the maximum improvement in alkali and thermal shock performance without negatively affecting other important properties.
Table 1: Physical properties of materials studied.
By working closely with aluminium producers, the main factors limiting furnace lining performance in the Superstructure (inc. upper walls, roof and flue) of Al melt-hold furnaces have been identified as severe alkali attack and thermal shock, with abrasion and aluminium alloy reactions identified as secondary factors in the upper walls. 2.

The article discusses the experimental substantiation of predicting the operational properties of elastic elements by the acoustic emission (AE) method, as well as the use of the non-destructive method of acoustic emission as an element of digital certification of critical mechanical and instrument engineering products.
Introduction Violation of the heat treatment regimes can lead to the formation of an inhomogeneous microstructure of the materials of elastic elements, which affects the elastic properties and operational properties.
Conclusion A technique has been developed for assessing the operational properties at the stage of preparing elastic elements for operation based on the registration and processing of AE signals.
The method of acoustic emission makes it possible to control and predict the operational properties of elastic elements at a given technological load, and by changing the intensity of AE signals, to reveal the presence and development of microcracks, a tendency to relaxation.
Kuznetsov, Influence of Aerothermoacoustic Treatment on the Structure and the Properties of a TS6 Titanium Alloy, Rus.

The pointed out that the macro-mechanical properties of coarse-grained soil is complex, soil particle composition, geometric arrangement of soil particles and forces between particles is the fundamental factors to determine the macroscopic mechanical properties, which results the macroscopic mechanical properties of coarse-grained soil to show strong dispersion characteristics.
When the dumping site met the effect of external forces or other external factors, the slope might become unstability. so it must take appropriate engineering measures to reduce the risk.
From the safety factors, we could know that Xiyuanlin 413 step dumping site was the temporary stable stage at present.
Because the safety factors surplus was not much., the slope might become unstability when the dumping site met the effect of external forces or other external factors.
Experimental study on mechanical behaviour of granular material[J].

While this process is being made, dynamically distributed variable loads affect on the disk-carrier profiles.
For a profile of 150x75 mm in size, the size factor is read as 0.75 [5].
— It should be capable of bearing a stress value of 195 MPa with a safety factor of 1.4 [5].
· When the operation was carried out with the initial state of the profiles, a test run was made by performing a 250-hour operation in the area with the same mechanical properties where the damage occurred.
İrsel: Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 2014 (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/235687, p.1

Fig.1 Sketch of separated out-jacketing frame and joint Although experimental study is an essential approach to acquire the performance of this new type of frame structure, there still exist some defects such as fewer investigated factors and expensive cost to limit the tests.
Table 1 lists the mechanical properties of steel of Grade Q235, the reinforced bars of Grade HRB335 and the stirrups of Grade HPB235.
Table 2 and 3 gives the mechanical properties of prestressing tendons and concrete, respectively.
a) b) Fig. 2 Reinforcements of two specimens (units: mm) a-SRCF; b-PSRCF Table 1 Mechanical properties of steel Specification Yield strength fy [N.mm-2] Ultimate strength fu [N.mm-2] Elastic modulus Es [N.mm-2] I16a 302.3 450.3 2.0×105 ∠70×6 287.0 424.3 2.0×105 -5 312.0 446.3 2.0×105 10 12 348.7 338.6 522.7 494.0 2.0×105 2.0×105 10 303.0 445.0 2.0×105 Table 2 Mechanical properties of prestressing tendons Diameter D[mm] Failure strength fu [N.mm-2] Nominal yield strength f0.2 [N.mm-2] Elastic modulus Es [N.mm2] 5.0 1686 1470 2.0×105 Table 3 Mechanical properties of concrete Specimens Members axial compressive strength fc (MPa) Elastic modulus Ec[N.mm-2] SRCF Column 30.4 3.42×104 Beam and joint 44.3 3.70×104 PSRCF Column 29.0 3.38×104 Beam and joint 45.2 3.72×104 Fig.3 shows the loading sketch and locale.
The low cyclic horizontal loading was applied along the axis of the beam with the frame fixed on the ground and constant vertical load affected on the columns and beam.

According to its actual properties when is loaded, this mechanism is simplified as shown in Fig. 1.c.
Safety factor of cassette and other key components is 10 in general analysis[5].
Bottom cassette of plate roller leveler can affect leveling capacity heavily.
Yang: Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology, Vol. 34 (2005) No.2, p.51.
Huang: Rolling Mechanical Design (Metallurgy Industry Press, China 2007).

With bottom blowing time and bottom blowing flow as object to do single factor experiment, the relationship between the nitrogen content in steel smelting process and the bottom blowing time, the bottom blowing flow were studied.The research results show that when the other conditions must be, the nitrogen content in steel increases with the bottom blowing time increasing gradually, when the bottom blowing time reach more than 35 min, the variation of nitrogen content in steel decreases.
Introduction High nitrogen steel because of its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in recent years has received the widespread attention at home and abroad.
Results and discussion Effect of bottom blowing time on the nitrogen content of the high nitrogen steel With bottom blowing time factor as an object do single factor experiment, in the bottom blowing flow rate of 0.16m3/h, under the different pressure and temperature of test results it is concluded that the relation curve of the nitrogen content in the steel smelting process and bottom blowing time, as shown in figure 2.
This is because in the bottom blowing nitrogen smelting process, with the increase of bottom blowing time, the nitrogen content in steel is gradually close to the saturation levels Fig.2 Influence of bottom-blown time on nitrogen content in steel Effect of bottom blowing flow on the nitrogen content of the high nitrogen steel With bottom blowing flow factor as an object do single factor experiment, the relationship between nitrogen content in steel and the bottom blowing flow is shown in figure 3.From figure 3, it can be seen that nitrogen content in steel increases gradually with the increase of bottom blowing flow , when the bottom blowing flow reaches more than 0.24m3/h, the nitrogen content in steel is close to the maximum value and no longer changes with bottom blowing flow.
At the same time, also known from the analysis of variance, bottom blowing flow had significant impact on increasing nitrogen to liquid steel Bottom blowing nitrogen gas flow does not directly affect the steel liquid nitrogen absorption speed, but the increase of the bottom blowing flow increases the stirring intensity of liquid steel and the degree of dispersion of nitrogen gas bubbles in the liquid steel.

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are commonly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS).
Having the unique shape memory, super-elastic affects and now damping capacity SMAs have become an important smart material for a broad range of engineering applications in last year’s.
Copper based SMAs are promising alloys, based on the obtaining price and good characteristic properties.
Jang, Effect of grain refinement on phase transformation behaviour and mechanical properties of Cu-based alloy, Trans.
Rusu, Influence of some extrinsic factors on the two way shape memory effect of electric actuators, J. of Optoelec. and Advanc.