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Online since: December 2014
Authors: Zhi Qiang Liu, Ying Zhang Wang, Bai Ge Su, Hu Liu, Xin Yue Zhu
Once the problem of membrane fouling is solved, it will encourage the wide application and commercialization of A/O-MBR drastically.[1] Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) that is absorbed on membrane surface is considered to be a key factor for membrane fouling.[2] EPS is composed of protein and carbohydrate, and is generally classified into bound-EPS (B-EPS)and soluble-EPS(S-EPS)[3,4] in active sludge.
There are experimental operating parameters in Table 1 .
References [1] Ji L, Zhou J.
Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 276(1): 168-177
Seoul, Korea. 2004: 479-486.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Rozana Aina Maulat Osman, Mohd Sobri Idris, Y.M. Chin
Chin 1,a, Rozana A.
Osman 1, 2,b and M.
Table 1: The refined structural data of LiNi0.7Mn0.3O2 that heated between 750oC and 950oC in air. 750°C 800°C 850°C 900°C 950°C a / Å 2.8989 (1) 2.8953 (1) 2.8951 (1) 2.8979 (1) 2.9029 (1) c / Å 14.251 (1) 14.255 (1) 14.264 (1) 14.281 (1) 14.297 (1) Volume / Å3 103.78 (1) 103.49 (1) 103.54 (1) 103.86 (1) 104.34 (1) Oxygen, z 0.2369 (2) 0.2378 (1) 0.2398 (2) 0.2404 (2) 0.2412 (2) 3a Li/Ni Occ. 0.797 (2) / 0.203 (2) 0.824 (2) / 0.176 (2) 0.843 (1) / 0.157 (1) 0.837 (1) / 0.163 (1) 0.817 (1) / 0.183 (1) 3b Li/Ni Occ. 0.203 (2) / 0.497 (2) 0.176 (2) / 0.524 (2) 0.157 (1) / 0.543 (1) 0.163 (1) / 0.537 (1) 0.183 (1) / 0.517 (1) 3b Mn Occ. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 6c O Occ. 1 1 1 1 1 3a Uiso 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 3b Uiso 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 6c Uiso 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 Rwp 3.76% 3.68% 3.39% 3.19% 3.20% Rp 2.71% 2.61% 2.48% 2.37% 2.37% χ2 3.250 3.068 2.513 2.284 2.272 4.
References [1] B.
Osman, Structure refinement strategy of Li-based complex oxides using GSAS-EXPGUI software package, Advanced Materials Research, 795 (2013) 479-482
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Shen Hang Yu, Ying Sun, Chun Yan Kong
Fig.1 shows the principle of zinc-bromine battery.
Fig.1 the principle of zinc-bromine battery Fig.2 the smart-grid with chemical storage device Application Smart-grid is combined by the power electronic technology, information technology, distributed generation, and storage technology.
References [1] Skyllas-Kazacosm, Peng C, Cheng M.
Battery energy storage technologies [J].Proceedings of the IEEE, 1993, 81(3): 475-479
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Xiao Hu Zhang, Chun Ying Zhang, Feng Zhan, Nan Chun Chen
Fig.1 is XRD pattern of stellerite.
D4R 2-ring vibration is reflected at 554 cm-1 and bending vibration of [SiO4][AlO4] is reflected at 466 cm-1.
First, with vibrating of Si (Al)-O bands at 1250-920 cm-1, hydroxyl stretching vibration is wider at 3500-3200 cm-1.
References [1] G.
Min. 1(1989)479 - 487
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Karel Michalek, Bedřich Smetana, Ladislav Válek, Markéta Tkadlečková, Krystian Janiszewski, Ladislav Socha, Karel Gryc, Monika Žaludová
Fig. 1.
Table 1.
Sample mass [mg] Heating rate [°C×min-1] TS [°C] TL [°C] Direct thermal, 1 22 913.3 30 1 476.0 1 496.7 Direct thermal, 2 23 691.2 1 475.3 1 497.0 Direct thermal, 3 23 539.4 1 477.8 1 493.4 DTA, 1 198.3 10 1 480.8 1 495.5 DTA, 2 206.4 1 481.1 1 495.9 DTA, 3 205.6 1 481.0 1 498.5 DTA, 4 207.9 1 480.5 1 496.4 Based on data in the Table 1, it can be stated that there is low variability between individual results for close to equilibrium conditions (standard deviations: 2.5°C for TS and 1.6°C for TL) independently on used method and mass of samples.
Based on mean values, the TS and TL for selected steel grade were identified: 1 479 °C and 1 496 °C.
References [1] L.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Yu Jie Wang, Tzeu Chen Han, Chen Lin Fang, Chien Chang Chou
Table 1.
(0.65, 0.85, 1) (0.65, 0.85, 1) (0.6, 0.75, 0.9) (0.65, 0.85, 1) (0.5,0.725,925) C9 (0.4, 0.5, 0.6) (0.575,0.725, 0.85) (0.525, 0.675, 0.85) (0.4, 0.5, 0.6) (0.575, 0.725, 0.85) (0.7,1,1) C10 (0.75, 0.95, 1) (0.525,0.675, 0.85) (0.625, 0.8, 0.95) (0.525, 0.675, 0.85) (0.75, 0.95, 1) (0.65,0.925,1) C11 (0.6, 0.75, 0.9) (0.625, 0.8, 0.95) (0.65, 0.825, 0.9) (0.6, 0.75, 0.9) (0.65, 0.825, 0.95) (0.45,0.675,0.85) C12 (0.625, 0.8, 0.95) (0.45, 0.55, 0.7) (0.6, 0.75, 0.9) (0.45, 0.55, 0.7) (0.625, 0.8, 0.95) (0.45,0.675,0.85) C13 (0.55, 0.725, 0.9) (0.625, 0.8, 0.95) (0.575, 0.75, 0.95) (0.55, 0.725, 0.9) (0.625, 0.8, 0.95) (0.375,0.625,0.8) C14 (0.625, 0.8, 0.95) (0.625, 0.8, 0.95) (0.7, 0.9, 1) (0.625, 0.8, 0.95) (0.7, 0.9, 1) (0.325,0.55,0.8) C15 (0.65, 0.8, 0.9) (0.5, 0.625, 0.8) (0.6, 0.75, 0.9) (0.425, 0.525, 0.65) (0.7, 0.9, 1) (0.4,0.6,0.85) Through entries of Table 2, the performance index of is yielded in Table 3, where .
References [1] K.
International Journal of Intelligent System. 7, 479--492 (1992)
Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 114, 1--9 (2000)
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Valeriy Sosnov
The norms in spaces H1(Ωe), H1/2(Γ) and H-1/2(Γ) are denoted by|| ||1,Ωe, || ||1/2,Γ and || ||-1/2,Γ.
Theorem 1.
Let further α 1 ≥ 0 and K be bounded set, or α 1 > 0 and functional I be bounded from below.
References [1] J.B.
Usp. 53 (2010) 455-479
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Xi Bao Rao, Yong Zhen Zuo, Jia Jun Pan
The gradation and types of samples are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 particle size distributions before specimens sample Particle gradation composition(%) 60~40 40~20 20~10 10~5 5~2 2~1 1~0.5 0.5~0.25 0.25~0.1 <0.1 Primary rockfill material 21.77 27.58 26.13 14.52 5.50 2.50 2.00 secondary rockfill material 15.8 31.5 19.3 15.0 8 3 2 1 1.0 Transition rockfill material 26.87 23.29 19.70 11.64 5.50 5.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 Grain breakage caused by sample preparation.
Table 3 particle size distributions before and after shear process and particle breakage of samples sample state Particle gradation composition(%) Breaking rate Bm/% 60~40 40~20 20~10 10~5 5~2 2~1 1~0.5 0.5~0.25 0.25~0.1 <0.1 Primary rockfill material Before test 21.77 27.58 26.13 14.52 5.50 2.50 2.00 / After test 0.6MPa 12.42 26.83 24.90 19.07 4.64 3.65 3.37 1.26 1.57 2.29 12.18 1.2MPa 12.47 24.92 23.06 20.16 6.67 4.22 3.53 1.30 1.54 2.13 15.03 2.4MPa 10.19 22.58 22.19 21.72 6.03 5.29 5.58 1.78 2.12 2.53 20.53 secondary rockfill material Before test 15.8 31.5 19.3 15.0 8 3 2 1 1.0 After test 0.6MPa 8.44 31.83 18.33 17.17 8.63 5.17 4.12 2.05 1.86 2.40 9.36 1.2MPa 7.88 28.21 20.15 16.22 9.45 6.05 4.70 1.83 2.30 3.21 11.45 1.8MPa 4.66 27.39 18.56 19.98 9.04 7.80 5.20 1.94 2.60 2.82 16.60 Transition rockfill material Before test 26.87 23.29 19.70 11.64 5.50 5.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 After test 0.6MPa 16.55 24.51 19.20 17.24 6.71 5.08 4.45 1.63 2.14 2.51 12.20 1.2MPa 15.71 18.62 19.21
References [1] ZHANG Jia-ming, WANG Ren, ZHANG Yang-ming, et a1.
Rock and Soil Mechanics , Vol.24-3 (2003), 479-483
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Malik M. Imran, Farrukh Mazhar, Riaz Ahmad
For lamina n, we have lamination theory [1, 13].
Q¯ij matrix represents the off-axis reduced stiffness of the lamina [1].
(2) Where Aij , Bij , and Dij given by the equations below are respectively the extensional stiffnesses, bending- extension coupling stiffnesses, and bending stiftnesses [15]: (3) where αn = [z(n) − z(n−1) ], βn = (z(n) )2 − (z(n−1) )2 , and γn = (z(n) )3 − (z(n−1) )3.
References [1] Robert M.
[3] Venkataraman S and Haftka R.T, “Optimization of composite panels A review,” in 14th Annual Technical Confer- ence of the American Society of Composites, Dayton, 1999, pp. 479–88
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Wei Li, Jun Wei Fu, Mao Yang Wu, Yi Jiao Qiu, Ya Dong Jiang
The gas flow rate of SiH4+PH3 was 40sccm and the gas flow ratio of PH3 to SiH4 was kept at 1:100.
Fig.1 shows the X-ray photoelectron spectrum from the a-Si:H thin films under different FrNH3.
The binding energy and FWHM of each energy level shows in Table 1.
The peak at about 480cm-1, relating to the Si-Si transverse-optical-like (TO) vibrations, shifts from 479.8cm-1 to 475.8cm-1, and its FWHM ranges from 66.7cm-1 to 83.9cm-1, with the increase of FrNH3 from 0.5sccm to 20sccm.
References [1] M.
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