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(1) (2) where stoichiometric coefficients, x and y, signify the substitution proportion of Sn for Al at the A-site of Ti3(Al,Sn)C2.
SEM micrograph of Ti3(Al,Sn)C2 synthesized from Reaction (1) with x = 0.4.
This means that the extent of Sn substitution for Al to form Ti3(Al,Sn)C2 is narrower for the TiC-adopted sample.
Similar plate-like Ti3(Al,Sn)C2 grains were synthesized from the TiC-adopted sample.
El-Raghy: Metall.

Christenson et al. verify the accuracy of their method of real-time hybrid tests by numerical simulation.
Wu et al. verify the accuracy by spectrum radius analysis method.
Against the earthquake ground motions (El Centro 1940 NS), acceleration of each story, displacement of each story, electric current and control force among shaking table test, hybrid test and simulation agree very well between shaking table test and real time hybrid test. 1F_Acc (mm/s2 ) -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 acceleration (mm/s 2 ) simulation hybrid test shaking table test 1F_Disp (mm) -100 -50 0 50 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 displacement (mm) simulation hybrid test shaking table test 2F_Acc (mm/s2 ) -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 acceleration (mm/s 2 ) simulation hybrid test shaking table test 2F_Disp (mm) -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 displacement (mm) simulation hybrid test shaking table test Force (kN) -10.0 -
5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 force (kN) simulation hybrid test shaking table test Current (A) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 current (A) hybrid test shaking table test Fig.7, Comparison of hybrid test, shaking table test and numerical simulation in case of El Centro 1940 NS Fig.8, A single degree of freedom system Table 3, Characteristics of the system : No damper : Constant electric cureent : constant damping coefficient : Optimal control : SMC Sliding Mode Control.
El Centro 1940 NS was used as the input earthquake ground motion.

The total available displacement, E∆L , can be related to the spring stiffness by the following equation: 0 T E T S K L L K K   ∆ ≈ ∆   +  (1) where EL∆ is effective maximum displacement of the PZT with spring load, and 0L∆ is maximum nominal displacement.
Al 7075 with a Young's modulus of 72 GPa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.31 was selected for the stage design.
We can get the stiffness KS, the stroke of the stage EL∆ , the maximum stress σmax(input displacement is 25µm), the natural frequency f easily according to the former equations and figures.
In order to validate the parameters, the micro-feed stage was fabricated using precision wire EDM from on piece of Al 7075 (as shown in Fig.10).
Table 1 Comparison of simulation and experiment Parameters KS [N/µm] EL∆ [µm] F [Hz] Simulation 18.6 17.8 792 Experiment 18.9 16.5 770 Conclusion In this paper, a micro-feed stage using clinograph mechanism was designed which was driven by PZT.

The paper is summary of an expertise written for the architect in charge of the restoration of the church, about the feasibility of the demolition and the eventual measures of consolidation (Huerta et al. 2010).
Becchi et al.
Geometría y equilibrio en el cálculo tradicional de estructuras de fábrica."
"Informe sobre la estabilidad de las bóvedas y el sistema de contrarresto de la nave y el crucero de la Iglesia de La Peregrina (convento de San Francisco) en Sahagún."

El-Fadaly et al studied the effect of tensile and compressive prestrain on the transition temperature, Jm and the effect of compressive prestrain on the J resistance curve [1].
Menezes et al investigated the effect of cross section variation on formability of prestrained samples using finite element simulations [3].
El-Fadaly, T.A.
El-Sarrage, A.M.

In the 1960s, Moe [11] and Hognestad & Elstner [8] conducted research, while more recent work has been performed by El-Salakawy [6] and Teng, Cheong & Kuang [12].
The most recent work has been undertaken by Borges, Melo, Gomes [3], and also by El-Shafiey, Hussein & Abdel-Aziz [5].
Eight slabs with symmetrically placed openings tested Augustin et al. [1] and [2].
The experiences from non-linear modelling of the flat slab specimens with openings by Augustin et al. [1] were utilized for the non-linear analyses.
El-Salakawy, M.

Alloy phase diagram of Al-Mg Fig.3.
OES analysis of elements of samples (Mg and Al alone shown) Elements Wt.
Percentage [wt. %] Sample #1 Sample #2 Sample #3 Sample #4 Mg 15.324 20.264 24.175 28.263 Al 82.7146 76.8068 72.8116 67.8961 The wt. % of Mg and Al was highlighted in italics.
El Sayed, Moheb M.
Murray and, Al-Mg Phase diagram, Metals Handbook Alloy Phase Diagrams.

Al-Hinai, and M.
Al-Hinai, and A.
Al-Hinai, K.I.
El-Shafey, and M.
Al-Hinai, and K.

On a strength/density basis, Mg compares favorably to Al and steel,but also in bending, torsion, oil canning and denting.
The Mg - Al alloy base has been fortified by additions of Sr, Ca and Rare Earths; whilst the Al content has been retained at 5-6% to retain ductility.
On alloying theory, reducing the Al to 5-6% reduces the volume % and size of the brittle  phase inherent in solidification of AZ91D.
Higher Zn/Al ratio in the AM-Lite alloys replaces β by Zn Mg intermetallics and makes for enhanced surface quality and plateability.
Of these alloys, the Mg-6 Al-1.5 Zn had the best combination of strength and ductility.

El-Sherbini et al [7] found that there was a significant reduction in the compressive strength of concrete utilizing waste rubber than normal concrete and rubber concrete demonstrated a ductile, plastic failure rather than brittle failure.
Shaikh et al. investigated the effects of SiO2 and CaCO3 nanoparticles on the properties of ordinary concrete and high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concretes.
Mohseni et al. studied the influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the compressive strength and durability performance of High Performance Concrete (HPC).
El-Sherbini, A.
El-Gammal, Compressive strength of concrete utilizing waste tire rubber, J.