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De la Hidalga-W Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), P.O. 51 y 216, Puebla; México amalik@inaoep.mx, jhidalga@inaoep.mx Keywords: Indium oxide; tin-doped indium oxide; spray pyrolysis; structural, electrical and optical properties; solar cells; SIS structure; solar modules.
Structure and morphology of the ITO films Figure 2 shows images of ITO films surfaces for different Sn/In ratios obtained with an ABS 200 SEM.
Spray deposited ITO-nSi structures having a high potential barrier [6] is perspective as an efficient solar cells.
As an example, solar cells based on ITO-nSi structures with an efficiency of 12% under AM1.5 solar irradiation are described.
Roisnel: Journal of Solid State Chemistry., Vol. 135 (1998), p. 140

Extraction Optimization of Sorghum vulgare for Natural Wool Dyeing Applications Nuno Belino1,a,*, Estefânia Alves2,b, Ema Almeida2,c, Carina Gameiro2,d, Tiago Rosado2,3,e, Luís Passarinha2,3,4,5,f, Eugenia Gallardo2,3,g, Maria Pinto1,h, Jesus Rodilla6,i 1Department of Textile Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal 2Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal 3Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal 4UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal 5Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal 6Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
B A Figure 1 - Chemical structure of apigeninidin (A) and kuromanin (B). 2.1.
Composition 100 % wool Yarn linear density 115 Tex Loop length (cm) 0.7 Wales per cm 4.7 Courses per cm 6.6 Stitch density per cm2 29.04 Tightness factor (K) 15.3 GSM (g/m2) 325 Knit structure Jersey Upon their production the knit fabric was scoured with a 3 g/L non-ionic detergent and 1 g/L sodium carbonate (Merck Company) at 70 ºC for 30 min.
Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry. 5th Ed. (2005) ISBN-13: 978-0131291928

Foam drainage half-life length is determined by the molecular structure of foaming agent system.Longer half-life shows better initial stability before the bubble entering the formation.However, the differences in molecular structure of foaming agent will lead to different of bubble in shear resistance, temperature resistance, salt resistance and other aspects, whether the half-life should be as long as possible, this issue needs to be verified.
Washington DC: Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Society
Foam Sensitivity to Crude Oil in Porous Media in Foams, Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry, Schramm L.L., ed., Advances in Chemistry, Series 242, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 165-197
Advances in Chemistry, Series 242

Mutinda1 1Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, OH 44555, US 2Materials Science and Engineering PhD Program, Youngstown State University, OH 44555, US arwang01@ysu.edu Keywords: Rare-earth oxides, nanocatalysts, automotive exhaust clean-up, hydrothermal synthesis, transmission electron microscopy.
X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) were used to characterize the average structures and redox properties of these materials.
The structure (a) and main chemical reactions (b) in an automotive three-way catalytic converter.
Atomic-resolution phase-contrast imaging was used to determine the degree of crystallinity and disorder and surface structure in individual nanoparticles.
It is clear that the XRD pattern of Ce precipitates can be indexed on a face-centered cubic, fluorite-type unit cell, but the synthesized of Pr/Tb precipitates are hydroxides (Pr(OH)3 and Tb(OH)3) with a hexagonal structure.

Furthermore, with the special structure of the material, it meets the needs of drug absorption and delivery.
Moreover, CTO:Er films show excellent biocompatibility [11-12], and therefore the typical structure of the films may be exploited as a drug release platform.
By utilizing fibrous structures, we have enhanced drug loading capacity and achieved sustained release of curcumin over a 5-hour period.
Results and Discussion Structure, and morphology of CaTiO3:Er3+ flim Fig. 1 shows the XRD patterns of the as-synthesized samples with Er3+ doping content.
These results indicated the successful synthesis of the crystalline structure of CaTiO3 films.

CHITHARANJAN HEGDE 2, b* 1,2 Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal Srinivasnagar- 575 025, Mangalore, India a eliaslaiju@gmail.com, b*achegde@yahoo.co.in Keywords: Electrocatalysis, Ni-W alloy, HER and OER study Abstract.
Phase structure of the coatings were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) (JDX-8P, JEOL, Japan, with CuKα radiation (λ= 1.5418 Å) as the X-ray source) technique.
The identification of phase structures corresponding to different c.d.’s were obtained, and is shown in Fig. 1(B).
From the intensity and the diffraction angle of XRD signals, it may be observed that c.d. plays an important role on both composition and phase structure of the coatings.
The lattice growth from cubic to face centered structure was observed, indicating the enhanced crystallinity and micro hardness of the Ni-W coating, as evident from the data.

Orange Peels Derived Activated Carbon as Sulfur Cathode Supporter for Lithium/sulfur Batteries Guanghui YUAN1,2,a and Jintao BAI1,b* 1Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Physics Department, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, PR China 2Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ankang University, Shaanxi Ankang 725000, PR China achem_yuan@163.com,b* jintaobai@sina.cn Keywords: orange peel carbon, sulfur cathode, sulfur/carbon composite, lithium/sulfur battery Abstract.Using orange peels as raw material, a stacking structured carbon material has been synthesized through carbonizing and activating process.
Herein, we report a novel stacking structured orange peel carbon (OPC) material synthesized through carbonizing and activating process.
The synergetic effect of stacking structure, thin sheets and irregular wrinkled surface of OPC on the electrochemical performance of the OPC/S cathode is investigated in detail.
The stacking structure is well remained in OPC/S composite, which may help to enhance the electrochemical performance of the OPC/S composite.
Conclusions A novel stacking structured orange peel carbon (OPC) material has been synthesized through carbonizing and activating by KOH.

Crystalline structure, nitrogen states in the lattice, composition and surface morphology of the nanostructured films were analyzed by XRD, XPS and SEM.
Electroanalytical Chemistry.

The structures, properties and electrocatalytic performance of materials were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, CV and polarization curve.
Inorganic Chemistry., 2005,21, 202.

Vapour Phase Surface Graft Polymerization of Acrylonitrile onto Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Film Jianwu Zhu1, Jianping Deng1, Hongchi Zhao1,2, Shujun Liang1 and Wantai Yang1,a 1 Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Controllable Chemical Reaction, Ministry of Education and Department of Polymer Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China 2 Department of Chemistry, Baoding Teachers College, Hebei Baoding 071000, China a yangwt@mail.buct.edu.cn Keywords: Acrylonitrile, Poly(ethylene terephthalate), Gas phase, Surface graft polymerization Abstract.
The surface topography structure of the grafted PET film was observed by SEM.