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Online since: August 2007
Authors: K.H. Lang, Detlef Löhe, Scheida Seyedi
Adequate
procedures are the reduction of the porosity or the reduction of the number of large pores by warm
pressing, high temperature sintering or sinter forging as well as suitable heat treatments [3].
Fig. 5 and 6 show such data for the case-hardened bending specimens at R = −1 (Fig. 5) and R = 0.1 (Fig. 6).
Landolt-Börnstein, Group VIII: Advanced Materials and Technologies, Volume 2, Materials, Subvolume A: Powder Metallurgy Data, Part 1: Metals and Magnets Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, (2003)
Fig. 5 and 6 show such data for the case-hardened bending specimens at R = −1 (Fig. 5) and R = 0.1 (Fig. 6).
Landolt-Börnstein, Group VIII: Advanced Materials and Technologies, Volume 2, Materials, Subvolume A: Powder Metallurgy Data, Part 1: Metals and Magnets Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, (2003)
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi, Abrar Inayat
In the reactive or reduction process, the products of the combustion step, i.e. water, CO2, CO and incombustible biomass.
Based on the available data and information collected, several assumptions are made to proximate and simplify the simulation model: · The gasification product gas contains CO2, CO, H2 and CH4 · The gasifier is operated under a steady state, and the reactions are at thermodynamic equilibrium · Tar and ash formation are negligible and hence do not participate in the chemical reactions Process Flow Description.
However data from experimental observations especially on the kinetics on a similar process may improve the accuracy and applicability of the technical evaluation of the date pits gasification process.
Sharma, Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of char reduction reactions in a downdraft biomass gasifier: A comparison, Solar Energy. 82 (2008) 918-928.
Based on the available data and information collected, several assumptions are made to proximate and simplify the simulation model: · The gasification product gas contains CO2, CO, H2 and CH4 · The gasifier is operated under a steady state, and the reactions are at thermodynamic equilibrium · Tar and ash formation are negligible and hence do not participate in the chemical reactions Process Flow Description.
However data from experimental observations especially on the kinetics on a similar process may improve the accuracy and applicability of the technical evaluation of the date pits gasification process.
Sharma, Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of char reduction reactions in a downdraft biomass gasifier: A comparison, Solar Energy. 82 (2008) 918-928.
Online since: September 2005
Authors: Michael Ferry, John F. Humphreys
The crystals
were cold rolled in a two-high rolling mill to a total true strain of 1.4 by ~ 5% incremental reductions.
Data analysis was carried out using both HKL and VMAP software [12].
This technique is more powerful than TEM for the purpose of orientation analysis of large areas of microstructure as it generates large, statistically relevant data sets. 3.
Single crystals of face centred cubic metals of the Goss orientation, {110}<00l>, are generally stable for reductions of up to 95% by rolling or plane strain compression [1-4].
Data analysis was carried out using both HKL and VMAP software [12].
This technique is more powerful than TEM for the purpose of orientation analysis of large areas of microstructure as it generates large, statistically relevant data sets. 3.
Single crystals of face centred cubic metals of the Goss orientation, {110}<00l>, are generally stable for reductions of up to 95% by rolling or plane strain compression [1-4].
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Zhi Shou Zhu, Yong Qing Zhao, Hui Li, Liang Feng, Lian Zhou, Heng Lei Qu, Ming Qiang Li
Second, the detail data of content were determined by crystal structure metallurgical method, which defined as Ti-(6.5~7.9)Al-(1.6~2.6)Sn-(1.6~2.6)Zr-(1.8~2.8)Mo-(0.9~2.3)Cr-(1.6~2.6)Nb-(0.8~1.8)Ni-(0~0.5)Si in mass or weight percentage, which is transformed from atom percentage originally [6].
As shown in Table 1, three chemical compositions were designed to study the actual difference in extreme situations, alloy S1 added with all maximum data of the alloying elements, and alloy S2 with maximum b stabilized elements and minimum a stabilized elements & neutral stabilized elements, while alloy S3 is the vice-versa of S2, i.e. with maximum a stabilized elements Al & neutral stabilized elements Sn, Zr and minimum b stabilized elements Mo, Cr, Nb, Ni, Si.
T (b) Figure 2 EB welding samples of the Ti alloy Table 4 Impact toughness and Fracture toughness of the billets at RT Alloy aKU (J/m2) KIC (MPaÖm) State S1 3.3 17 R S2 3.3 17.8 R S3 6.7 23 R S1 2.5 13.3 M S2 6.7 31.3 M S3 10.1 29.4 M Figure 3 Transverse metallographic photographs of the Ti alloys at R / M state When the temperatures changed, the tensile strength including ultimate tensile strength & yield strength and the plasticity including elongation & reduction in area will change accordingly.
Itoh, et al., Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Gum Metal Sheets Correlated with Cold Rolling Reduction, in Ti-2007 Science and Technology, edited by M.
As shown in Table 1, three chemical compositions were designed to study the actual difference in extreme situations, alloy S1 added with all maximum data of the alloying elements, and alloy S2 with maximum b stabilized elements and minimum a stabilized elements & neutral stabilized elements, while alloy S3 is the vice-versa of S2, i.e. with maximum a stabilized elements Al & neutral stabilized elements Sn, Zr and minimum b stabilized elements Mo, Cr, Nb, Ni, Si.
T (b) Figure 2 EB welding samples of the Ti alloy Table 4 Impact toughness and Fracture toughness of the billets at RT Alloy aKU (J/m2) KIC (MPaÖm) State S1 3.3 17 R S2 3.3 17.8 R S3 6.7 23 R S1 2.5 13.3 M S2 6.7 31.3 M S3 10.1 29.4 M Figure 3 Transverse metallographic photographs of the Ti alloys at R / M state When the temperatures changed, the tensile strength including ultimate tensile strength & yield strength and the plasticity including elongation & reduction in area will change accordingly.
Itoh, et al., Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Gum Metal Sheets Correlated with Cold Rolling Reduction, in Ti-2007 Science and Technology, edited by M.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Florin Topală, Sorin Porojan, Liliana Porojan
The collected data were used to construct three dimensional models using Rhinoceros (McNeel North America) NURBS (Nonuniform Rational B-Splines) modeling program.
The design of the prepared tooth was achieved according to the clinical rules listed as follows: about 2 mm occlusal reduction, a 0.8 mm deep reduction chamfer margin, 6 degree convergence angle.
Roos, The fracture load and failure types of veneered anterior zirconiacrowns: an analysis of normal and Weibull distribution of complete and censored data, Dent.
The design of the prepared tooth was achieved according to the clinical rules listed as follows: about 2 mm occlusal reduction, a 0.8 mm deep reduction chamfer margin, 6 degree convergence angle.
Roos, The fracture load and failure types of veneered anterior zirconiacrowns: an analysis of normal and Weibull distribution of complete and censored data, Dent.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: Syed Idris Syed Hassan, Tunku Muhammad Nizar Tunku Mansur, Rosnazri Ali, Puteh Saad, N.H. Baharudin
Custom Power Devices
In order to mitigate the power quality problems, active power line conditioners which are based on leading-edge power electronics technology, has already been recognized as the best solution to provide harmonics elimination, voltage-flicker reduction, power factor correction, voltage regulation and load balancing[3][9].
Nevertheless, improved BP with exclusive connection between hidden layer and output network has demonstrated better performance in term of reduction in computation time and number of iterations.
In addition, this method was not tested on real field data for further verification [30].
RBFNN has a fixed and simple structure of three layers architecture, easy to design, insensitive to input noise, online learning ability as it can perform well even for different data that has been used for training and good generalization.
Nevertheless, improved BP with exclusive connection between hidden layer and output network has demonstrated better performance in term of reduction in computation time and number of iterations.
In addition, this method was not tested on real field data for further verification [30].
RBFNN has a fixed and simple structure of three layers architecture, easy to design, insensitive to input noise, online learning ability as it can perform well even for different data that has been used for training and good generalization.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Rayapati Subbarao, Chava Y.P.D. Phani Rajanish, Akkaraju H. Kiran Theja
Lapuerta et al. [1] found increased specific fuel consumption when using biodiesel due to the reduction in heating value of biodiesel.
The obtained results were compared with data from high speed diesel which indicates increase in brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature, decrease in brake thermal efficiency.
Reduction in CO2, HC and NOx emissions were observed for preheated jatropha oil compared to those of high speed diesel.
Experimental data is used to compare the performance of the engine, exhaust emissions and the percentage of heat losses with diesel and bio-fuels.
The obtained results were compared with data from high speed diesel which indicates increase in brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature, decrease in brake thermal efficiency.
Reduction in CO2, HC and NOx emissions were observed for preheated jatropha oil compared to those of high speed diesel.
Experimental data is used to compare the performance of the engine, exhaust emissions and the percentage of heat losses with diesel and bio-fuels.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Rimma Lapovok, Debashish Bhattacharjee, Peter Hodgson, Dmitry Orlov, Ilana B. Timokhina, Arunansu Haldar, László S. Tóth
However, increasingly complex shapes of car bodies and other market requirements necessitate improvements in deep drawability and strength of the IF steel sheet in conjunction with the weight reduction of the panels.
The theoretical investigation by final element simulations in Abaqus is validated qualitatively with the experimental data based on electron-backscatter diffraction analysis and tensile tests.
The rolling was done in three passes with a thickness reduction per pass of 30% for each processing route.
A high-resolution Field-Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM) FEI Quanta 3D fitted with Hikari EBSD detector and EDAX-TSL OIM software package was used for the EBSD data acquisition and analysis.
The theoretical investigation by final element simulations in Abaqus is validated qualitatively with the experimental data based on electron-backscatter diffraction analysis and tensile tests.
The rolling was done in three passes with a thickness reduction per pass of 30% for each processing route.
A high-resolution Field-Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM) FEI Quanta 3D fitted with Hikari EBSD detector and EDAX-TSL OIM software package was used for the EBSD data acquisition and analysis.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Yang Meng Tian, Yu Duo Zheng, Wei Jin, Gai Hong Du
Comparing with other methods (such as optical flow model), on the one hand, Gabor transform can stand a certain degree of image deformation and rotation, and it is not sensitive to the light changes, when using Euclidean distance to identify, it does not require strict counterpart of the to be recognized face and the face template, and it can improve the robustness of the system; On the other hand, the data quantity that it processed is less to meet the requirements of the system to real-time.
So that you can drop the face characteristic data from the f-dimension to the t-dimension (f << t).
The method of PCA combined with LDA (PCA + LDA) The PCA and LDA analysis shows that the PCA method realized feature space dimensionality reduction but did not consider the category information of the sample;while LDA method take full account of the category information of the training samples but there are problems of calculation matrix dimension too large and difficult to solve.
Table 2 and Table 1 shows the method of selecting PCA + LDA as face image Gabor features selection got high recognition rate, while time complexity and space complexity of the PCA + LDA method are relatively low, then this paper adopting the PCA + LDA method as feature selection method of space dimensionality reduction.
So that you can drop the face characteristic data from the f-dimension to the t-dimension (f << t).
The method of PCA combined with LDA (PCA + LDA) The PCA and LDA analysis shows that the PCA method realized feature space dimensionality reduction but did not consider the category information of the sample;while LDA method take full account of the category information of the training samples but there are problems of calculation matrix dimension too large and difficult to solve.
Table 2 and Table 1 shows the method of selecting PCA + LDA as face image Gabor features selection got high recognition rate, while time complexity and space complexity of the PCA + LDA method are relatively low, then this paper adopting the PCA + LDA method as feature selection method of space dimensionality reduction.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Fu Mei Liu, Song Qin, Hui Zhao, Hua Xiao Yan
The concentration of the afterwards formed blue complex by reduction of the yellow complex was measured at 660 nm using a spectrophotometer.
Table 1 The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the HPP16 experiment name result experiment name result experiment name result gelatin liquefaction test + glycolysis test + Amino acid decarboxylase test none - Methyl Red Test - determination of inositol fermentation acid + Gly - Gram reaction - crystallization trials produced dextrin test - Leu - Catalase test + Cellulose hydrolysis test - Salt tolerance test 0 + Nitrate reduction test + H2S test + 3% + Starch hydrolysis test + Indole test - 7% - V.P.test + Lactose fermentation test + 9% - Phenylalanine deaminase test - Urease test - 11% - Citrate test + Cellulose hydrolysis test - TSI test + SIM test - Annotation:+ test positive;- test negative 16S rRNA gene sequencing and data analysis of the Strain HPP16 The nucleotide sequence of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene of isolate HPP16 was directly obtained by Shanghai Shenggong Biotechnology Co.
Ltd and has been deposited in GenBank data bank under accession number GQ866854.
Table 1 The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the HPP16 experiment name result experiment name result experiment name result gelatin liquefaction test + glycolysis test + Amino acid decarboxylase test none - Methyl Red Test - determination of inositol fermentation acid + Gly - Gram reaction - crystallization trials produced dextrin test - Leu - Catalase test + Cellulose hydrolysis test - Salt tolerance test 0 + Nitrate reduction test + H2S test + 3% + Starch hydrolysis test + Indole test - 7% - V.P.test + Lactose fermentation test + 9% - Phenylalanine deaminase test - Urease test - 11% - Citrate test + Cellulose hydrolysis test - TSI test + SIM test - Annotation:+ test positive;- test negative 16S rRNA gene sequencing and data analysis of the Strain HPP16 The nucleotide sequence of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene of isolate HPP16 was directly obtained by Shanghai Shenggong Biotechnology Co.
Ltd and has been deposited in GenBank data bank under accession number GQ866854.