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The effect of External Voltage on Pulsed Electrohydrodynamic Printing Xin YUAN1, a, Zhengyu BA1,b and Zhenhua XIONG1,c 1State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China a*kevinyuanxin@sjtu.edu.cn, bbazhengyu@sjtu.edu.cn, cmexiong@sjtu.edu.cn Keywords: external voltage; deposition frequency; pulsation mode; EHDP.
Apparently, the deposition frequency of droplets is a key parameter, and it is influenced by various factors.
Results show that volume of the liquid accumulated at the apex of the nozzle changes during the non-electric field period, which affects taylor cone deformation time and deposition frequency.
They also found nozzle and liquid properties can greatly influence the pulsation frequency.
The detail properties of ethylene glycol is tested as follows: conductivity is s/m, relative dielectric constant is 38.66, surface tension is 48 mN/m(), viscosity is 16.9 mPas(), density is 1115 kg/.

Particle Size Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cocrfeo4 Nanoparticles DHANRAJ R.
In order to get insight into the type of deviations in the structural and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles from that of the bulk, in this study the properties of CoCrFeO4 nanoparticles has been studied.
All of these factors can lead to a break in the exchange bonds at the surface, which in turn leads to frustration and spin disorder [11].
Conclusions The influence of the annealing temperature, on the particle size and magnetic properties of the CoCrFeO4 ferrite samples synthesized by the sol-gel auto combustion method was investigated with the aim of tuning the magnetic properties.
Coercivity affects the shapes of the ZFC curves of the CoCrFeO4.

The result reveals that, much difference of grinding characteristics exists among three kinds of NiTi alloy because of the pore rate and the mechanical performance induced by TiH2.
On the other hand, in the current stage, many investigations into the NiTi alloy are mainly concentrated on the fabrication technique and mechanical properties.
The relationship is explored and researched in detail between the grit depth of cut and the corresponding factors, such as grinding force ratio, specific grinding energy, surface roughness and surface microstructure.
Table 1 The chemical composition of porous NiTi alloy and corresponding property Raw Material (Mass fraction %) Sample No.
On the other hand, the ratio between normal force and tangential force (Fn/Ft) could be utilized to display the grinding property of the special material under identical machining condition.

Water confined in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under the influence of an electric field has interesting properties that are potential for nanofluidic-based applications.
Introduction One of the excellent properties of carbon nanotube (CNTs) is able to transport water molecules very fast [1,2].
To develop such kinds of nanofluidic devices, it is very important to elucidate the properties of water in the CNTs.
Moreover, under the influence of an electric field, water confined in CNTs has interesting properties that are important for biological science and nanotechnology applications [7,8].
It is known that water in the biological cell channels is affected by strong electric field due to the difference of ion concentration [9,10].

Mongkolwongrojn3, c 1, 2, 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand asountaree.t@bu.ac.th, bs0060102@kmitl.ac.th, ckmmongko@kmitl.ac.th Keywords: Rough Surface, Modified Reynold Equation, Non-Newtonian fluid, Multigrid method.
Simulation results show surface roughness amplitude has significant affected the film pressure in the contact region.
Table 1 Material data of the ball and plate Material Property Ball Plate Modulus of Elasticity, GPa 200 200 Poison Ratio 0.3 0.3 Density, kg/m3 7750 7750 Combine Amplitude Roughness, µm 0.15 Table 2 Property of lubricant [9] Lubricant Property PAO-100 Inlet Density, kg/m3 834 Low Shear Strain Rate Viscosity, Pa-s 0.0698 High Shear Strain Rate Viscosity, Pa-s 0.00 Time Relaxation, s 4.657x10-7 Power Law Index 0.625 Viscosity-Pressure Index 0.3917 Fig. 1, Fig.2, Fig.3 and Fig.4 show the film pressure profile and film thickness in the contact region under w=1,500 N, V=1.25 m/s and the combined surface roughness amplitude, Rrms=0.15 μm.
For rough surface, the surface roughness profile, and surface asperity have significant affected the film pressure in the contact region.
The surface roughness has significant affect to film pressure in the contact region.

Fig.2 Thrust force exerted on a 0.3mm drill during a drilling cycle (vf =40 mm/s, n=145 krpm, vr=300 mm/s) 3.2 Factors affecting thrust force 3.2.1 Materials of PCB Figure 2 and Figure 3 show that thrust force on copper foil is much larger than that on epoxy glass fiber cloth.
This may improve the cutting environment and the machine property of the drill.
Fig. 11 Influence of thrust force on the accuracy of hole location 4 Conclusions In order to study the factors affecting the thrust force in PCB drilling, a series of experiments is done.
Drilling of printed circuit boards: factors limiting the use of smaller drill sizes[J].
Factors affecting the machinability of GFR/eposy composites[J].

Therefore, most Al alloys require aging process to further improve their mechanical properties.
σ/[MPa] Si Mg Mn Ti Zr Cr Fe Li Cu Ni Binary Si 128 70.5 63.2 181 67.3 59.9 72.8 65.1 79.8 115 Mg 128 201 86.6 213 77.6 86 162 90.8 78.4 155 Mn 70.5 201 73.6 226 67.9 66.1 75.9 64.8 67 79.9 Ti 63.2 86.6 73.6 244 88.4 88.6 81.1 70.2 63.8 67 Zr 181 213 226 244 222 218 245 215 194 254 Cr 67.3 77.6 67.9 88.4 222 54.7 70.2 60.2 55.4 66.3 Fe 59.9 86 66.1 88.6 218 54.7 72.2 60.4 62.4 55.4 Li 72.8 162 75.9 81.1 245 70.2 72.2 75.3 66.2 86.5 Cu 65.1 90.8 64.8 70.2 215 60.2 60.4 75.3 65.9 57.7 Ni 79.8 78.4 67 63.8 194 55.4 62.4 66.2 65.9 62.7 Table 1 The yield strength of ternary system and binary system 3.2 Ternary Al alloy Fig.2 The result of the interaction energy between atoms (a)X-X atoms (b)X-Zr (c)X-Mg First of all, compared with binary alloys, the composition of ternary alloys is more complicated, so the factors affecting the yield strength have also increased.
It has been reported[20] that the introduction of Zr and Mg into aluminum alloys refines the grain structure and enhances mechanical properties.
To further advance this research, future studies could focus on experimentally validating the simulation results and exploring the effects of additional alloying elements on the mechanical properties of Al alloys.
This work could also be extended to explore the impact of temperature and environmental factors on the stability and performance of these alloys.

There are many factors that impact on slope stability, such as soil property, water content, slope shape, external load, etc. the particle flow method is one of discrete element method that is suitable to analyze the particle media, and mainly used to simulate the interactions between the particles round, which it is assumed that each unit is rigid and geometric forms is spherical or disc-shaped. the paper used the particle flow method, made a numerical simulation analysis on the slope under load.
Fig.2.The biaxial compression test model Fig.3.PFC2D model of slope Table 1 Slope model input parameters contact strength/kN friction factor particle normal contact stiffness /MPa particle stiffness ratio contact strength deviation initial locking stress /kPa 100 0.4 20 1.5 0.2 100 200 0.4 20 1.5 0.2 100 The adopted model(see Fig.3)which parameters accord with the data in Table 1 was generated by the way of expanding particle diameter[4] .
Damaged form with a slope loaded area 2A When a large load area affected, at T = 30000 while under the load, the role of particle movement occurred, but no significant changes in the slope, only a little shot in the toe drop.
Conclusion The load area affected the force transmission mode of the slope, so that the various stages of destruction varies directly, and affect the timing and extent of the disaster.
Analysis of relationship between particle mesoscopic and macroscopic mechanical parameters of cohesive materials [J].

Static indentation and penetration properties of metal foams have been studied by Olurin et al
Model Validation Properties of CYMAT Aluminium Foam.
Table 1 Material properties for CYMAT foam with 20% relative density.
Energy absorption performance of the aluminium foams is one of the most important factors in their applications.
Ashby: Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties (2nd edn.

Wahab Mechanical Engineering, department, Higher institute of General professions – Alkhums, Libya ammo20062010@yahoo.com, elhupbashir@yahoo.com, abas@uthm.edu.my Keywords: rifled tube, smooth tube Abstract.
During the experiment, it was found that at 360 mins for the smooth tube, an increase in flow rate does not affect the time for the fluid (water) to attain a temperature of 33oC.
Thermal-hydraulic analysis is a key factor for the successful design and operation of water walls.
From the cited reasons and analysis, it can be found that the rifled tube has greatly enhanced properties in achieving greater and better aim than the smooth tube.
Describing uncertainties on single – sample experiments, Mechanical engineering, 57 (1953) 3 – 8