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Food Chemistry.
Cereal Chemistry.
Advanced Structured Materials.
The structure and properties of a starch-based biodegradable film.

Synthesis of 1-acetylpyrene via Friedel-Crafts Reaction Using Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids as Dual Catalyst and Solvent Ying Luo, Aixia Pan, Min Xing, Min Chen*, Jimin Xie School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China Chenmin3226@sina.com Keywords: 1-acetylpyrene, Friedel-Crafts acylation, chloroaluminate ionic liquid, [Emim]Cl-AlCl3 Abstract.
Pure 1-acetylpyrene was obtained and the structure of 1-acetylpyrene was identified by GC/MS, FT-IR and 1HNMR spectra.
Friedel-Crafts acetylation of pyrene to 1-acetylpyrene Experiments Materials N-Methylimidazole was obtained from the Alfa Aesar company and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride([Emim]Cl) was purchased from Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University and used without further purification.
This is because Friedel-crafts acetylation is a reversible electrophilic substitution reaction.In the initial stage of the reaction,1-acetylpyrene was the predominant product because the 1-position in pyrene has maximum electron cloud density.However,with the prolongation of reaction time, as a result of thermodynamic control of the reaction, two-acetylations of pyrene became the superior product because of its most stable structure.Therefore,the yield and selectivity of 1-acetylpyrene were decreased after reaction for 5 h.

These transmission spectra showed that the thin film fabricated were composed of hexagonal wurtzile of the structure of ZnO.
The film structure was characterized by FTIR and the optical transmittance, absorbance and energy band gap were determined using UV-Vis.
Structural and Optical Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microemulsion Route, International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 14, pp.26-36 [20] Paul, A.
Infrared Spectroscopy of the TiO2/Aqueous Solution Interface, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand, 15, pp.2402-2408

In this study, based on changing the structure and composition of electrode material, the surfaces of graphite electrodes were attached by different active materials to form different permeable reactive composite electrodes.
Due to the special crystal structure of zeolite it is widely applied in environmental pollution control with excellent performance (ion exchange adsorption, efficient selection etc.) [14].
References [1] Qiguo Zhao, Yongming Luo and Ying Teng: Acta Pedologica Snica Vol. 46 (2009), p. 1140-1145 (in Chinese) [2] Guanlin Guo, Qixing Zhou and Xiuying Li: Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 16 (2005), p. 1990-1996 (in Chinese) [3] Yongming Luo: Progress in Chemistry Vol. 21 (2009), p. 558-565 (in Chinese) [4] Page M M, Page C L: Journal of Environmental Engineering Vol. 128 (2002), p. 208-219 [5] Hui Wang, Jianwei Ma and Xiangyu Fan, et al: Ecology and Environment Vol. 16 (2007), p. 223-227 (in Chinese) [6] Virkutyte J, Sillanpaa M, Latostenmaa P: Science Total Environment Vol. 289 (2002), p. 97-121 [7] Ho S V, Sheridan P W and Hughes B M, et al: Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 33 (1999), p. 1086-1091 [8] Kim D H, Ryu B G and Park S W, et al: Journal of Hazardous Material Vol. 165 (2009), p. 501-505 [9] Puppala S K, Alshawabkeh A N and Acar Y B, et al: Journal of Hazardous Material Vol. 55(1997), p. 203-220 [10] Ramamurthy A S, Vo D and Li X J, et al: Water
(Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC 1996) [21] Xuejun Chen, Zhemin Shen and Bingxin Ju, et al: Environmental Chemistry Vol.24 (2005), p. 666-668 (in Chinese) [22] Kim S O, Kim K W: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 85 (2001), p. 195-211 [23] Alloway B J: Heavy metals in soils (Blackie Academic & Professional, Glasgow, Scotland 1995) [24] Ottosen L M, Hansen H K and, Ribeiro A B, et al: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol.85 (2001), p. 291-299

Consequently, the flame structure and stability in combustion are extremely depends on the aerodynamics and mixing characteristics of fuel and oxidizer in their mixing region [4].
Turbulent behavior of inertial systems at every time in the space continuum seems to appear similar characteristics such as vortex structures and structural inhomogeneties [6].
This combustion chemistry modeling using eddy dissipation model is operated as mixed-is-burned concept, relies on the accurate turbulence prediction more than any other chemistry model [16].

BTO is a ferroelectric prototype which goes through a sequential crystal structure transitions.
Asian Journal of Chemistry; vol. 29, no. 10 (2017) 2143-2148
Sajieddine, The Study of Structure and Transitional Phases in Ba0.95Bi0.05Ti1-xFexO3Ceramics Synthesized by Solid State Route, Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 18 (2021)
Effect of Copper Doping on Structural, Dielectric and DC Electrical Resistivity Properties of BaTiO3.Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 3 (2013) 77-82

Among the most widely used methods for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, environmentally friendly methods are becoming increasingly popular in the fields of chemistry and materials technology.
“Structure and Morphology Properties of Nanoparticle Hematite Pigment from Lathe Waste”.
International Journal of Chemistry; Vol. 13, No. 1; 2021 ISSN 1916-9698 E-ISSN 1916-9701
Green arbitrated synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with nanorod structure from pomegranate leaves and Congo red dye degradation studies for water treatment.

Effect of Solvent Composition on the Formation of Hydroxyapatite/ Silk Fibroin Composites Prepared Using Sol-Gel Method Suchaya Sriudoma, Hataichanoke Niamsupb, Surin Saipanyac, Ruangsri Wataneskd and Surasak Wataneske* Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand asuchaya.pui@gmail.com, bhataichanoke.n@cmu.ac.th, csurin_saipanya@yahoo.com, druangsri@gmail.com, e*swatanes@gmail.com Keywords: hydroxyapatite, silk fibroin, sol-gel method Abstract.
Results and Discussion Crystallinity water medium EtOH/H2O medium Fig. 1 XRD patterns of the HA compound and the HA/SF composites prepared in water and binary solvents of EtOH/H2O From the XRD patterns in Fig. 1, all HA compound and HA/SF composites show typical apatite crystal structure with respect to different phase compositions, according to the ASTM 9-432 file data (hexagonal, space group: P63/m, a = b = 9.4180 Å and c = 6.8840 Å).
When SF is present during the HA crystal formation, SF molecules can be included into the HA crystal structure causing imperfect crystal formation.
Acknowledgements Financial support from the Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Office of the Higher Education Commission (OCHE), Ministry of Education, Thailand, is gratefully acknowledged.

As a result the microstructure is not homogenous over the entire cross-section but shows a finer structure close to the mould wall and in the center of the part.
The model was able to predict the spherulite evolution and final micro-structure of the injection moulded part, following the complex thermal-mechanical history during filling and cooling.
Physics and Chemistry, 64A:1, 73-102 (1960)
[7] Hoffman J.D., Davis G.T., Lauritzen J.I., The Rate of Crystallization of Linear Polymers with Chain Folding, Treatise in Solid State Chemistry, 3, Plenum Press (1976)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that a processing route to produce cement powder by “just adding water” was possible, the structure of which became denser with fewer unreacted particles observed [14].
Davidovits, Geopolymer chemistry and applications, fourth ed., Chemical properties of condensed geopolymers, Published by: Institut Géopolymère, Saint-Quentin, France, 2008, pp. 384-385
Tang, Early mechanical property and durability of geopolymer, Geopolymer: Green chemistry and sustainable development solutions, In: Proceedings of the Geopolymer 2005 World Congress, 2005, pp. 117-120
Xu, Structure characterization of hydration products generated by alkaline activation of granulated blast furnace slag, J.