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Online since: May 2023
Authors: Gonchigsuren Munkhsaikhan, Ganbat Batdemberel, Yunden Ganchimeg, Mendsaikhan Enkhtuul, Otgonbayar Enkhtsolmon, Dugerjav Otgonbayar
Introduction
To date, many scientists have conducted extensive research on Ti3O5, mainly focusing on its structure and physical and chemical properties for thermal energy and optical data storage [1-8].
Zhao et al. reported that there are numerous methods to produce Ti3O5, typically TiO2 is selected as the raw material for producing Ti3O5 by reduction methods, and metal titanium, carbon, carbonaceous organic material, or reducing atmosphere can be used as reducing agents for producing Ti3O5 by reduction methods.
In this work, we attempted to synthesize nanoscale λ-Ti3O5 crystals embedded in the SiO2 matrix by adjusting the sintering temperature and reduction gas velocity according to the procedure carried out in the above work.
Materials Data on Ti7O13 by Materials Project.
Zhao et al. reported that there are numerous methods to produce Ti3O5, typically TiO2 is selected as the raw material for producing Ti3O5 by reduction methods, and metal titanium, carbon, carbonaceous organic material, or reducing atmosphere can be used as reducing agents for producing Ti3O5 by reduction methods.
In this work, we attempted to synthesize nanoscale λ-Ti3O5 crystals embedded in the SiO2 matrix by adjusting the sintering temperature and reduction gas velocity according to the procedure carried out in the above work.
Materials Data on Ti7O13 by Materials Project.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: P. Hernández, M.D. Monzón, A.N. Benítez, M. Marrero, Z. Ortega, N. Díaz, F. Ortega
Perhaps the most widespread, is the one that refers to the direct manufacture of end product from digital data, using Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies.
Additive Manufacturing is defined by the ASTM F2792 "Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies" as: The process of joining materials to create objects, usually in layers, from the 3D data of a model, in an opposed way to subtractive manufacturing techniques.
The reduction in tooling investment costs as well as use, maintenance and monitoring, are available in many other applications.
In applications where these tools are still needed, using AM technology can simplify manufacturing, adapting to complex geometries and optimizing their operations achieving cost reductions which in most cases exceed in the additional costs that would use.
[6] P, Reeves, TCT Live 2009: Environmental cost reduction using Rapid Manufacturing, Birminghan, UK, (2009)
Additive Manufacturing is defined by the ASTM F2792 "Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies" as: The process of joining materials to create objects, usually in layers, from the 3D data of a model, in an opposed way to subtractive manufacturing techniques.
The reduction in tooling investment costs as well as use, maintenance and monitoring, are available in many other applications.
In applications where these tools are still needed, using AM technology can simplify manufacturing, adapting to complex geometries and optimizing their operations achieving cost reductions which in most cases exceed in the additional costs that would use.
[6] P, Reeves, TCT Live 2009: Environmental cost reduction using Rapid Manufacturing, Birminghan, UK, (2009)
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Decio Lopes Cardoso, Talita Bassegio Kaminski, Francine Stelle Goldoni, Guilherme Irineu Venson, Camila Daiane Cancelier
The lower content of RHA applied caused a slight reduction in the value of E and from there it is noted an increasing stiffness of the composite.
There is a reduction of cohesion in 2.5% compared to the natural soil cohesion.
In Fig. 10 photos of the test bodies of the specimen after fracture is shown, illustrating the progressive reduction in axial and radial deformations with increasing RHA reinforcement.
This effect of confinement is higher for higher dosages, verified by the vertical distances between the data points.
From there, the proximity of the experimental points shows the consistency of the data front of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.
There is a reduction of cohesion in 2.5% compared to the natural soil cohesion.
In Fig. 10 photos of the test bodies of the specimen after fracture is shown, illustrating the progressive reduction in axial and radial deformations with increasing RHA reinforcement.
This effect of confinement is higher for higher dosages, verified by the vertical distances between the data points.
From there, the proximity of the experimental points shows the consistency of the data front of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Jian Hua Wang, Yu Zhong Guo, Fei Luo, Lin Zhang
Electrochemical data were acquired on an electrochemical workstation (BTS-5V/3 A Neware Techn.
Modeling Lattice parameters of three samples by XRD data are listed in table 2, it can be seen that Ni, Cr substitutions for Mn cause a crystalline cell shrinkage.
The cell shrinkage means the reduction of Mn-O bond length in MnO6 octahedrons, which is in agreement with more larger bond energies of Cr-O (1142 kJ/ mol) and Ni-O (1029 kJ/ mol) with respect to Mn-O (946 kJ/ mol) bond .The bond length decreases mean the average Mn-O bond strength increase on substitution, therefore enhance the crystalline structure stability of the Ni, Cr –substituted LiNi0.5-xCr2xMn1.5-xO4 cathode materials comparing with LiMn2O4 crystals.
Lattice constants and the variations with Ni, Cr substitutions for Mn Samples Lattice constant (Å) Lattice constant reduction rate (%) LiMn2O4 8.2493 0 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 8.2148 0.42 LiNi0.45Mn1.45Cr0.1O4 8.1947 0.66 Fig.3 shows SEM images of LiMn2O4 compounds, the particles are polyhedron morphology, estimated particle size is around 5μm, and have relative smooth surfaces, with smaller particles adhered on the surface of large particles, which indicate that the crystallization of powder particles are proceeded complete.
Fig.5 shows that the cyclic capabilities of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, LiNi0.45Mn1.45Cr0.1O4 are improved significantly comparing to LiMn2O4 by Ni and Ni-Cr substitutions, especially the later, although Ni and Cr substitution causes concurrently the reversible capacity reductions.
Modeling Lattice parameters of three samples by XRD data are listed in table 2, it can be seen that Ni, Cr substitutions for Mn cause a crystalline cell shrinkage.
The cell shrinkage means the reduction of Mn-O bond length in MnO6 octahedrons, which is in agreement with more larger bond energies of Cr-O (1142 kJ/ mol) and Ni-O (1029 kJ/ mol) with respect to Mn-O (946 kJ/ mol) bond .The bond length decreases mean the average Mn-O bond strength increase on substitution, therefore enhance the crystalline structure stability of the Ni, Cr –substituted LiNi0.5-xCr2xMn1.5-xO4 cathode materials comparing with LiMn2O4 crystals.
Lattice constants and the variations with Ni, Cr substitutions for Mn Samples Lattice constant (Å) Lattice constant reduction rate (%) LiMn2O4 8.2493 0 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 8.2148 0.42 LiNi0.45Mn1.45Cr0.1O4 8.1947 0.66 Fig.3 shows SEM images of LiMn2O4 compounds, the particles are polyhedron morphology, estimated particle size is around 5μm, and have relative smooth surfaces, with smaller particles adhered on the surface of large particles, which indicate that the crystallization of powder particles are proceeded complete.
Fig.5 shows that the cyclic capabilities of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, LiNi0.45Mn1.45Cr0.1O4 are improved significantly comparing to LiMn2O4 by Ni and Ni-Cr substitutions, especially the later, although Ni and Cr substitution causes concurrently the reversible capacity reductions.
Online since: October 2008
Authors: Víctor Rentería-Tapia, Jorge A. García-Macedo, Guadalupe Valverde-Aguilar
Increase of intensity, red shift, diminution of the bandwidth and
splitting of the surface plasmon resonance band with the reduction of the A parameter were
observed.
The electrons supplied by hydrogen gas caused the reduction of Au 3+ ions in both the Fig. 1.
In general, for the samples prepared without citric acid, a blue shift, reduction of the FWHM and damping of the surface plasmon intensity is observed after prolonged heat treatments in oxygen atmosphere.
While using the Gans model, we included the experimental data obtained from the TEM images.
The experimental and calculated data indicate that the citric acid is probably a good capping agent to control the size and shape of gold nanoparticles under oxidation process.
The electrons supplied by hydrogen gas caused the reduction of Au 3+ ions in both the Fig. 1.
In general, for the samples prepared without citric acid, a blue shift, reduction of the FWHM and damping of the surface plasmon intensity is observed after prolonged heat treatments in oxygen atmosphere.
While using the Gans model, we included the experimental data obtained from the TEM images.
The experimental and calculated data indicate that the citric acid is probably a good capping agent to control the size and shape of gold nanoparticles under oxidation process.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Kaneaki Tsuzaki, Yuuji Kimura, Meysam Jafari
In one case, the ultrafine elongated grain (UFEG) structures evolved in a secondary hardening steel with a composition of Fe–0.4%C–2%Si–1%Cr–1%Mo through the deformation of the tempered martensitic structures at 500°C using multi-pass caliber-rolling with an accumulated area reduction of about 80%; consequently, the yield strength of 1840MPa and the V-notch Charpy absorbed energy (vE) of 226 J were obtained at room temperature [7].
The accumulative reduction in area through tempforming was about 80% in 9 passes, corresponding to an equivalent strain of 1.8.
The total elongation, reduction in area, and work for tensile fracture of the 0.001 and 0.053 %P samples were similar at each testing temperature although the uniform elongation of the 0.053 %P samples was 20% higher than the 0.001 %P samples.
The 0.001 and 0.053 %P samples showed remarkable data scattering in absorbed energy at -100 and -150 ºC due to the increase in the number of delamination [13], where the cracks branch parallel to the longitudinal direction (//RD) of the impact test bars.
Charpy impact tests at the temperature range of 150 to -150 ºC did not show degradation in absorbed energy with decreasing the testing temperature to -150 ºC and showed a remarkable data scattering in absorbed energy in response to the occurrence of the delamination (Fig. 2).
The accumulative reduction in area through tempforming was about 80% in 9 passes, corresponding to an equivalent strain of 1.8.
The total elongation, reduction in area, and work for tensile fracture of the 0.001 and 0.053 %P samples were similar at each testing temperature although the uniform elongation of the 0.053 %P samples was 20% higher than the 0.001 %P samples.
The 0.001 and 0.053 %P samples showed remarkable data scattering in absorbed energy at -100 and -150 ºC due to the increase in the number of delamination [13], where the cracks branch parallel to the longitudinal direction (//RD) of the impact test bars.
Charpy impact tests at the temperature range of 150 to -150 ºC did not show degradation in absorbed energy with decreasing the testing temperature to -150 ºC and showed a remarkable data scattering in absorbed energy in response to the occurrence of the delamination (Fig. 2).
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Juan Yu, Fan Jiang
Car interior trim materials mainly include the following data: leather, synthetic leather, plastic foam, textiles, plastic products, etc [1].
Where calibration measured data is the mixture determination value which is formaldehyde standard solution and absorption solution; Blank measured data is the absorption of simple solution of measurements; Standard data is a national standard values in formaldehyde testing; Measured data is sampling solution of the assessment.
Fig.1 Static Measurement Fig.2 Dynamic Measurement Experimental Result In the formaldehyde detecting measurement, the national standard of formaldehyde detect is 0.10 , the calibration measured data is 0.03, and the blank measured data is 0.02.
The actual measurement data of formaldehyde ( ) concentration is shown in Table 1.
[4] Mechanical vibration-Road surface profiles-Reporting of measured data, GB / T 7031-2005/ ISO 8608:1995, p.5.
Where calibration measured data is the mixture determination value which is formaldehyde standard solution and absorption solution; Blank measured data is the absorption of simple solution of measurements; Standard data is a national standard values in formaldehyde testing; Measured data is sampling solution of the assessment.
Fig.1 Static Measurement Fig.2 Dynamic Measurement Experimental Result In the formaldehyde detecting measurement, the national standard of formaldehyde detect is 0.10 , the calibration measured data is 0.03, and the blank measured data is 0.02.
The actual measurement data of formaldehyde ( ) concentration is shown in Table 1.
[4] Mechanical vibration-Road surface profiles-Reporting of measured data, GB / T 7031-2005/ ISO 8608:1995, p.5.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Mohd Zaki Nuawi, Abdul Rahim Bahari, Shamsul Akmar Ab Aziz, Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor, Dian Darina Indah Daruis
However, this study aims to analyse and represent the measured WBV data by using I-kazTM method.
In order to measure the degree of scattering of the data distribution, the I-kazTM coefficient calculates the distance of each data point from the signal’s centroid.
This process produces 3D graphical representations which permit the reduction in dimension.
Thus, the significant relationships within the data observations or samples can be identified.
The coefficient indicates the degree of data scattering with respect to the data centroid [5].
In order to measure the degree of scattering of the data distribution, the I-kazTM coefficient calculates the distance of each data point from the signal’s centroid.
This process produces 3D graphical representations which permit the reduction in dimension.
Thus, the significant relationships within the data observations or samples can be identified.
The coefficient indicates the degree of data scattering with respect to the data centroid [5].
Multilayer Adsorption of Purple NR5 Industrial Dye by Aristeus antennautus Shell in Aqueous Solution
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Hassiba Benchekor, Jeferson Steffanello Piccin, Abdallah Aziz, Abdelkader Iddou, Hafida Hentit
The kinetic data were evaluated using pseudo first order, pseudo second order and the intraparticle diffusion models.
From the obtained results, adsorption kinetic and isotherms models have been proposed to represent the experimental data.
Giles et al. classification was adapted to evaluate the behavior of equilibrium data.
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm model is proposed to correlate experimental data.
Gutterres, Dye adsorption by leather waste: mechanism diffusion, nature studies, and thermodynamic data, journal of Chemical Engineering and Data 58 (2013) 873-882
From the obtained results, adsorption kinetic and isotherms models have been proposed to represent the experimental data.
Giles et al. classification was adapted to evaluate the behavior of equilibrium data.
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm model is proposed to correlate experimental data.
Gutterres, Dye adsorption by leather waste: mechanism diffusion, nature studies, and thermodynamic data, journal of Chemical Engineering and Data 58 (2013) 873-882
Online since: December 2016
Authors: Mohammad Ahsan Habib, Md Anayet Ullah Patwari, Suleiman Mohammed Yusuf, Shahrair Ragib, Ferdous Azam
These defects would create reduction in structural stiffness, which may lead to variation of dynamic performance of the whole structure.
A hybrid process model based on a database of experimental results together with numerical methods for data interpolation are used to relate drilling parameters to the drilling performance measures.
The normal probability plot is a graphical technique for assessing whether or not a data set is approximately normally distributed.
The data are plotted against a theoretical normal distribution in such a way that the points should form an approximate straight line.
In this case, it can be concluded that the normal distribution provides an excellent model for the data.
A hybrid process model based on a database of experimental results together with numerical methods for data interpolation are used to relate drilling parameters to the drilling performance measures.
The normal probability plot is a graphical technique for assessing whether or not a data set is approximately normally distributed.
The data are plotted against a theoretical normal distribution in such a way that the points should form an approximate straight line.
In this case, it can be concluded that the normal distribution provides an excellent model for the data.