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According to the experts forecast, the reinforced concrete, as inexpensive civil engineering materials, will also gain a larger application in the next one to two centuries in the developing countries.
Beijing: Science Press, 2002.
ACI Materials Journal, 1991, 88: 186-196
ACI Materials Journal, 1991, 88: 363-373
Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 789-797, 2010.

Porphyrin and its derivatives are ideal materials for the decoration of SWCNTs.
Chen, Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 6, 241(2002)
Prato, Journal of Material Chemistry, 16, 62(2006)
Nakashima, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 7, 609(2006)
Xu, Journal of materials chemistry, 19, 8950(2009).

[3] Li Min Shi, Yu Quan Chen, Er Liang Liu: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 375 (2008), p. 6
[5] Chen Yuquan:Journal of Materials Processing Techology Vol. 129 (2002), p. 310
[7]Li Min Shi, Er Liang Liu,Yong Jiang Niu, Yu Quan Chen:Advanced Engineering Materials (2010)
[9] Hon-yuen Tam, Osm and Chi- hang Lui, Alberert CK MOK:Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol.95 (1999), p. 191
[10] SHI Li-min, CHEN Yu-quan, SHI Qi-min:Journal of Harbin University of Science and Technology (2007).in Chinese.

Stress-strain state of soil materials is described by the complicated elastic-plastic models with the yield strength surface formed by the yield strength.
In [10, 11] the simulations for the solid tips of various shapes interacting with flat surface were carried out corresponding to the nanoindentation of materials analysis.
Jemielita, Free vibrations of non-homogeneous plate band, Engineering and Environmental Sciences 24 (2014) 317-331
Rodriguez-Roa, Three-dimensional finite element model for flexible pavement analyses based on field modulus measurements, The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 33 (2008) 65-76
Swain, The effect of friction on indenter force and pile-up in numerical simulations of bone nanoindentation, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 4 (2011) 1554–1558

Table 1.The processing parameters of the system Laser power Scanning speed Spot diameter Lapping rate Carrier gas pressure Powder delivery Focal length 1.8~2.1[kW] 7[mm/s] 2.5[mm] 30[%] 0.2[Mpa] 5[g/min] 300[mm] Materials.
Fig.5 Sketch of microhardness testing points Fig. 6 show that the hardness of each specimen increases along height direction which is basically consistent with the gradient materials design[14].But,it can be seen from each contour line that hardness distribution fluctuates wildly without ultrasonic vibration.
(1) Ultrasonic vibration will help to suppress the formation of pore and reduce its size； (2) By analysing the microstructure of middle cladding layers, it can be found that the grain size is refined for ultrasonic vibration breaking the longer dendrite;Furthermore,in the FGMs specimens, reinforced phase TiC particle size is smaller and get more uniformity distribution; (3) The microhardness tests indicate that gradient materials specimens have good hardness consistency and high mechanical property, which show the ultrasonic vibration can refine the cladding layers and homogenize the microstructure，and then improve its mechanical property.
References [1] Yang Guang,Wang Wei, Qin Lanyun:Journal of Shenyang University of Technology, Vol.33(2011) p.259-264 [2] Wang Huaming,Zhang Shuquan,Wang Xiangming: Chinese Journal of Lasers，Vol.36(2009) p.3204-3209 [3] Qin Lanyun,Wang Wei,Yang Guang:Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 44-47(2010) p.316-320 [4] Chen Jing,Yang Haiou,Li Yanmin: Applied Laser, Vol.22(2002) p.300-304 [5] Zhai Qijie, Qi Feipeng, Liu Qingmei:2005 China Foundry week proceedings, p.353-357 [6] Chen Zhikun,LIU Min, Zeng Dechang: Laser Journal,Vol.30(2009) p. 55-56 [7] Qin Lei: Design and Research of Ultrasonic Impacting Equipment for Relieving Welding Residual Stress.
Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang Institute of Automation Ph.D.

Modern insulating materials are mostly lightweight porous materials, in which heat transfer occurs by both conduction and radiation mechanisms [1].
International journal of thermophysics, 27, 1, (2006), 270-81
Gao, Preparation of high strength foam glass–ceramics from waste cathode ray tube, Materials Letters 64, (2010), 997–999
Maitra , Decomposition study of calcium carbonate in cockle shell, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 7, 1, (2012),1-10
Haro, Building Materials: Properties, Performance and Applications, Nova Publisher, (2009) 1-391.

Effect of Curing System on Mechanical Property of Slag- Based Geopolymer Qing Wang1, a, Xin Tu1,b , Zhaoyang Ding1,c, Zhitong Sui2,d 1School of Materials Science and Engineering ,Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang,China 110168 2School of Materials & Metallurgy, Northeastern University , Shenyang, 110004, China.
In this paper, slag and metakaolin as source materials, mechanical property is studied by changing the curing system.
Material and Experiment Raw materials.
Study of Geopolymer Based on Kaolinite with Different Activation,Journal of Material Science and Engineering, 2004,22(4):550~553.
ACI Materials Journal,2004,11-12:467~472 [6]Wang Gang, Ma Hong-wen, Ren Yu-feng, Feng Wu-wei, Ding Qiu-xia.

Qin, "Advances in Fused Deposition Modeling of Discontinuous Fiber/Polymer Composites," Current Opinion in Solid State Materials Science, vol. 24, no. 5, p. 100867, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2020.100867
Metwalli, "A Review of Fused Deposition Modelling for 3D Printing of Smart Polymeric Materials and Composites," European Polymer Journal, vol. 156, p. 110591, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110591
Ramasamy, "Synthesis and characterization of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics for energy storage applications," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 32, pp. 717-726, 2021
[14] Rajesh Narayana Perumal, Venkatraj Athikesavan, "Structural and electrical properties of lanthanide-doped Bi0.5(Na0.80K0.20)0.5TiO3-SrTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics for energy-storage applications," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 31, pp. 4092-4105, 2020
[20] Rajesh Narayana Perumal and Venkatraj Athikesavan, "Investigations on electrical and energy storage behaviour of PZN-PT, PMN-PT, PZN–PMN-PT piezoelectric solid solutions," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 30, pp. 902-913, 2019

As these materials combine good mechanical properties, low density and designable characteristics with highly productive manufacturing capabilities, they are adequate for lightweight structures especially in high volume applications.
Specific to all composite materials, the load bearing capabilities of these structures can only be exploited if suitable load introduction systems and joining techniques are provided.
Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 36 (2005) 55–64
Fusco, Fiber Insertion Process for Improved Damage Tolerance in Aircraft Laminates, Journal of Advanced Materials 25 (1994) 36–43
[20] N.N., Product Information Twintex(R) T PP, Owens Corning Composite Materials LLC, Toledo, 2009.

Space rigid frame materials used in the rolling steel, two cross before and after use 10# I-Section Steel Pile, Support structure material use 3#angle iron, the tape isand element type choice Beam188.
Space rigid frame materials properties defined as, and.
The physical experiment model with no damage with same size and material about the finite element model.
Acknowledgements The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11172131), the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (No.20080404MS0810),and the Innovation Fund of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology (2009NC040).
Two-stage damage diagnosis approach for steel frame structures Journal of Dalian University of Technology 2011, 51(1):7-13(In Chinese).