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The material is common structure steel, which density is 7850Kg/mm3, and poisson ratio is 0.3.
The friction force is a part of equivalent stress in material
Referrence： [1]Ann Bettina Richelsen, Viggo Tvergaard．3D Analysis of cold rolling using a constitutive model for interface friction[J]．International Journal of Mechanical Sciences，2004,46:653-671 [2] Hiroshi Utsunomiya, Yoshihiro Saito, Tomoaki Shinoda, et al．Elastic–plastic finite element analysis of cold ring rolling process[J]．Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002,125:613-618 [3] Z.Y.
Zhang, et al．Finite element simulation of cold rolling of thin strip[J]．Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003,140:542-547 [4] Du fengshan, zhou weihai, zang xinliang.
Journal of mechanics engineering, 2001,37(12):67-69

Materials.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2012. 212(12): p. 2619-2628
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2008. 492(1-2): p. 199-204
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2013. 36: p. 31-37
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2017. 69: p. 196-208

Materials and methods All the experimental chemicals used for the study were of high purity analytical grade.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Heilongjiang Science and Technology Key Project (WB10A401) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20100471050).
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Table 1.The processing parameters of the system Laser power Scanning speed Spot diameter Lapping rate Carrier gas pressure Powder delivery Focal length 1.8~2.1[kW] 7[mm/s] 2.5[mm] 30[%] 0.2[Mpa] 5[g/min] 300[mm] Materials.
Fig.5 Sketch of microhardness testing points Fig. 6 show that the hardness of each specimen increases along height direction which is basically consistent with the gradient materials design[14].But,it can be seen from each contour line that hardness distribution fluctuates wildly without ultrasonic vibration.
(1) Ultrasonic vibration will help to suppress the formation of pore and reduce its size； (2) By analysing the microstructure of middle cladding layers, it can be found that the grain size is refined for ultrasonic vibration breaking the longer dendrite;Furthermore,in the FGMs specimens, reinforced phase TiC particle size is smaller and get more uniformity distribution; (3) The microhardness tests indicate that gradient materials specimens have good hardness consistency and high mechanical property, which show the ultrasonic vibration can refine the cladding layers and homogenize the microstructure，and then improve its mechanical property.
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Experimental Materials The raw materials for preparation inorganic adhesive were dead burned magnesia, fly ash (FA) and phosphates.
The concrete materials mixture proportion was Portland cement:water:sand:aggregate in 1:0.48:2:2.8.
In order to select the best materials mixture of phosphate binder, extensive tests were carried out.
Finally, three best materials mixtures among the tests were confirmed, namely P1, P2 and P3 respectively.
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The principal shortcomings associated with MEMS are related to the inability of this technology to produce arbitrary three-dimensional features in not only electronics but also in a wide range of metallic materials.
The Material of workpiece is aluminum, and the micro end-mill has 100µm nominal diameter, 10° helix angle.
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Plastics generally stand out for the highest structural variety of all industrial applied materials.
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With L-glutamic acid as raw materials, N-carboxy-L-glutamic acid-benzyl-anhydride (BLG-NCA) was synthesized by triphosgene.
Introduction Poly-l-glutamic acid (PLGA) is one of the more currently studying poly amino acids materials.
Molecular chains of PLGA have carboxyl side chain of higher activity, it is easy to generate stable complexes with combination of drugs and some are biodegradable in a kind of ideal body of medical polymer materials.
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The Assembly Synthesis of Materials-based on Polymer and Anionic Surfactant [D].

Kovacs and Fabian Ritz1,b 1Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (WKK), University of Kaiserslautern, P.O.
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Stanzl-Tschegg, Ultrasonic Fatigue, Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Second Edition (2001) 9444-9449