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Online since: October 2014
Authors: Kai Zheng, Wei Ben Yang, Yu Hua Han, Hong Yi Li
The data of scanning electron microscope spectrogram (SEM) showed that coating was made from 16 percents Ni and 84 percents Zn.
The anti-corrosion performance of the coating was also studied by analyzing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data.
Moreover, the corrosion performance of coating in anaerobic environment was studied by investigating the data from polarization curve and EIS curve.
The data of the charge transfer resistance, Rct, and the capacity of the double layer (Cdl) were calculated using both the Nyquist and Bode plots of the impedance spectrum.
The equivalent circuit model used in the fitting of impedance data of (a) semicircle with Warburg tail and (b) semicircle without Warburg tail was showed in Fig.5.
The anti-corrosion performance of the coating was also studied by analyzing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data.
Moreover, the corrosion performance of coating in anaerobic environment was studied by investigating the data from polarization curve and EIS curve.
The data of the charge transfer resistance, Rct, and the capacity of the double layer (Cdl) were calculated using both the Nyquist and Bode plots of the impedance spectrum.
The equivalent circuit model used in the fitting of impedance data of (a) semicircle with Warburg tail and (b) semicircle without Warburg tail was showed in Fig.5.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Zi Xing Fu, Shang Jiang, Yong Jun Zhang, Jian Chen Hu
For example, the data in the interval of flurry can also be divided into breeze, soft breeze, strength wind and moderate gale four intervals.
The basic idea of segmented meteorological factors: Firstly, segment the data of mean wind velocity according to the wind velocity lever.
In order to more accurately predict, again segment the rainfall data according to the rainfall level.
Insert the wind velocity and rainfall data in the interval 1 into Eq.4 to obtain the predicted value of daily maximum load.
Application of two-phase reduction method in load forecasting for regions with abundant small hydropower[J].
The basic idea of segmented meteorological factors: Firstly, segment the data of mean wind velocity according to the wind velocity lever.
In order to more accurately predict, again segment the rainfall data according to the rainfall level.
Insert the wind velocity and rainfall data in the interval 1 into Eq.4 to obtain the predicted value of daily maximum load.
Application of two-phase reduction method in load forecasting for regions with abundant small hydropower[J].
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Jie Yu, Yan Wang, Wei Jun Yang
We obtained a series of experimental data and based on these data .A more accurate formula was summed up.
In these tests the anchorage length l=5d and the test data were shown in Table 4.
Using least-squares method for the data on regression, the following formula can be obtained: =0.49+2.49 (n=12,u=1.04,δ=0.059) (4) Figure 5 shows the regression graphics of τl/τs and d/la, the correlation coefficient is 0.94. 0.00 3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 15.00 18.00 21.00 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 S τ Specimen L1-2 Specimen L3-2 Specimen L2-2 Specimen L3-2 Fig. 4 The τ-s curve Fig. 5 The picture of regression analysis For ordinary concrete specimens: =0.82+0.9 (5) It can be seen from the formula that the effect of anchorage length of the two kinds of concrete bond strength is basically the same law, different only because of differences in aggregate.
Conclusion By analyzing the results of pull-out test for different anchorage length, we can see that with the increasing of anchor length, the bond strength of ceramic concrete is reduction.
In these tests the anchorage length l=5d and the test data were shown in Table 4.
Using least-squares method for the data on regression, the following formula can be obtained: =0.49+2.49 (n=12,u=1.04,δ=0.059) (4) Figure 5 shows the regression graphics of τl/τs and d/la, the correlation coefficient is 0.94. 0.00 3.00 6.00 9.00 12.00 15.00 18.00 21.00 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 S τ Specimen L1-2 Specimen L3-2 Specimen L2-2 Specimen L3-2 Fig. 4 The τ-s curve Fig. 5 The picture of regression analysis For ordinary concrete specimens: =0.82+0.9 (5) It can be seen from the formula that the effect of anchorage length of the two kinds of concrete bond strength is basically the same law, different only because of differences in aggregate.
Conclusion By analyzing the results of pull-out test for different anchorage length, we can see that with the increasing of anchor length, the bond strength of ceramic concrete is reduction.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Takashi Matsumura
Then, many CAM systems have been developed to control the cutter location data with the cutter axis inclination.
Lazoglu presented a generalized model of the ball end mill for the sculptured surface machining based on the specified cutter location data using Boolean approach [5].
Furthermore, the machine shops recently require reduction of the post process such as polishing.
As a consequence, the surface finish can be improved with reduction of the specific cutting force.
The reduction in the width of the groove is less than 10 %.
Lazoglu presented a generalized model of the ball end mill for the sculptured surface machining based on the specified cutter location data using Boolean approach [5].
Furthermore, the machine shops recently require reduction of the post process such as polishing.
As a consequence, the surface finish can be improved with reduction of the specific cutting force.
The reduction in the width of the groove is less than 10 %.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Sitthi Duangphet, Damian Szegda, Karnik Tarverdi, Jim Song
The XRD data was recorded in the scattering angle range of 2θ = 5-55° at room temperature.
The reduction in the intensity of both peaks is proportional to the decreasing concentration of PHBV in the blends.
Thus, a reduction in crystallinity is indicated.
This result is supported by XRD data, in which the intensity of PHB-type crystal peaks with higher PBAT content has lower value.
The delay in the crystallization rate of the PHBV/PBAT blends might be explained by the reduction of nuclei density and physical detention by PBAT during PHBV’s crystal growth process.
The reduction in the intensity of both peaks is proportional to the decreasing concentration of PHBV in the blends.
Thus, a reduction in crystallinity is indicated.
This result is supported by XRD data, in which the intensity of PHB-type crystal peaks with higher PBAT content has lower value.
The delay in the crystallization rate of the PHBV/PBAT blends might be explained by the reduction of nuclei density and physical detention by PBAT during PHBV’s crystal growth process.
Online since: January 2009
Authors: Algimantas Bubulis, Vilen Royzman, Ilona Drach
Automatic balancing by means of devices
with free correcting masses movement is the most reliable, perspective and often the only possible
method for reduction of vibration in such machines.
Block-scheme of the equipment connecting: 1 - the ABD breadboard model; 2 - videocamera; 3 - stroboscope; 4 - incandescent lamp; 5 - induction data unit; 6 - revolutions data unit;7 - accelerometers Fig. 3.
This feature shows an expediency of using combined liquid-ball types of ABU for the reduction of machines vibration which have disbalance changed in magnitude and position during the working cycle.
Automatic balancing by means of devices with free correcting masses movement is the most reliable, perspective and often the only possible method for reduction of vibration in such machines.
Block-scheme of the equipment connecting: 1 - the ABD breadboard model; 2 - videocamera; 3 - stroboscope; 4 - incandescent lamp; 5 - induction data unit; 6 - revolutions data unit;7 - accelerometers Fig. 3.
This feature shows an expediency of using combined liquid-ball types of ABU for the reduction of machines vibration which have disbalance changed in magnitude and position during the working cycle.
Automatic balancing by means of devices with free correcting masses movement is the most reliable, perspective and often the only possible method for reduction of vibration in such machines.
Online since: August 2024
Authors: Faiz Arith, Konstantin Vasilevskiy, Merve Yakut, Atreyee Roy, Andrew Alexander, Jacek Gryglewicz, Jake Sheriff, Sarah Olsen, Anthony O'Neill, Andrew Whitworth
Fig. 3 shows the DIT values near to the conduction band edge at EC - E = 0.2 eV measured in n-type MOS capacitors using the high-low method where high and low frequency C-V measurements were performed at 1 MHz and in the quasi-static mode, respectively. [13], and data points represent the average of measurements from five MOS capacitors.
Having fitted the Deal-Grove parameters A and B to our oxidation furnace data, we can predict that a 1.2 nm SiO2 interfacial layer is grown following a 90 min PDA at 1175°C, where DIT is minimum.
Fig. 5a shows there is a shift in threshold voltage (VT), corresponding to a reduction in negative gate charge and therefore less positive gate voltage needs to be applied to create an inversion layer.
This reduction in charge is consistent with the reduction in VT instability using the additional in-situ nitridation of the SiC surface before the SiO2 deposition for N+PECVD+N MOSFETs.
Having fitted the Deal-Grove parameters A and B to our oxidation furnace data, we can predict that a 1.2 nm SiO2 interfacial layer is grown following a 90 min PDA at 1175°C, where DIT is minimum.
Fig. 5a shows there is a shift in threshold voltage (VT), corresponding to a reduction in negative gate charge and therefore less positive gate voltage needs to be applied to create an inversion layer.
This reduction in charge is consistent with the reduction in VT instability using the additional in-situ nitridation of the SiC surface before the SiO2 deposition for N+PECVD+N MOSFETs.
Online since: May 2015
Authors: Gow Yi Tzou, Kao Hua Chang, Ching Wei Shih
Therefore, under certain situations, it could not reach the reduction of tensile stress with only changing the shrink fit between the die case and core.
Its percentage of area reduction is about 30%.
Fig. 1 Illustration of forward extrusion Fig. 2 Crack in actual die (Shot along View A) f15.46 mm f12.88 mm B Die After extrusion Billet View A For the hypothesis of this study, it designs a process with 30% percentage of area reduction and 7.5∘semi-die angle to carry out the forward extrusion.
Taguchi Method According to previous experiences, if it intends to increase die’s capability of bearing stress, then adjusts each method and data of die assembly that will be helpful to the service life of die.
Thus, in Fig. 6, it discovers that almost every experiment’s line shape is very similar to each other; in addition, among these 9 experiments, Exp5 shows the lowest value of maximum principal stress, and Exp6 has the highest data of principal stress.
Its percentage of area reduction is about 30%.
Fig. 1 Illustration of forward extrusion Fig. 2 Crack in actual die (Shot along View A) f15.46 mm f12.88 mm B Die After extrusion Billet View A For the hypothesis of this study, it designs a process with 30% percentage of area reduction and 7.5∘semi-die angle to carry out the forward extrusion.
Taguchi Method According to previous experiences, if it intends to increase die’s capability of bearing stress, then adjusts each method and data of die assembly that will be helpful to the service life of die.
Thus, in Fig. 6, it discovers that almost every experiment’s line shape is very similar to each other; in addition, among these 9 experiments, Exp5 shows the lowest value of maximum principal stress, and Exp6 has the highest data of principal stress.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Ekaterina A. Khramshina, Alexander S. Karandaev, Rifkhat R. Khramshin
It enables efficiency enhancement, provides power saving due to the reduction of the shutter regulation and increase the motor lifetime by means of reduction of the HS winding load [3].
Fig. 3 shows unit efficiency graphs plotted according to the data of Table 1.
Fig. 4 provides dependencies Δηeq%( Q*) and ΔР*%( Q*) according to the data of this table.
At 250 kW rated motor power the average power reduction is 14.5 kW.
Fig. 3 shows unit efficiency graphs plotted according to the data of Table 1.
Fig. 4 provides dependencies Δηeq%( Q*) and ΔР*%( Q*) according to the data of this table.
At 250 kW rated motor power the average power reduction is 14.5 kW.
Online since: August 2023
Authors: Maksym Kustov, Oleg Kulakov, Albert Katunin, Oleksii Roianov
The statistical data about the fires in Ukraine [2] demonstrates that in the country there has been the unsatisfactory situations with the fires from the cable products.
At the production of cable products the main measures of decrease in their fire insecurity is the reduction of combustible materials masses and the use of the materials with the lowered level of inflammability, smoke - and gas emission [10].
Owing to deterioration in the operational characteristics of the cable lines there is set, in particular, a reduction the maximum allowed current loading.
To the timely exposure of increase of temperature, in particular round cable busses, works are devoted [34-38]. 2 Unresolved Issues The analysis of the literature references [3-38] and others data showed the absence of the accurate mathematical solution the heat exchange thermodynamic getting worse between the loaded cable line and the external space. 3 Main Part Let's estimate the influence of the thermodynamic properties of the isolation material on the parameters of the loaded cable lines.
The analysis of graphic dependences of the maximum allowed current Imax for the copper single-core wire with one layer rubber (or polyvinylchloride) as material of isolation from coefficient of the heat conductivity rubber or polychlorinated isolation at the various ambient temperatures confirms the following: - the value of the maximum allowed current depends on coefficient of heat conductivity of isolation not linearly, at the same time growth Imax corresponds to growth of coefficient λ2 - it is defined by the fact that growth of coefficient of heat conductivity causes reduction of value of linear thermal resistance of a convection thermolysis from an outer surface of the wire in the air; - temperature the environment similarly previous case affects value of the maximum allowed current Imax: its growth causes decrease: so at λ2 = 0,2 growth of temperature on 50С a reason to decrease Imax approximately on 5 А in certain conditions; - in the conditions of identical ambient temperature
At the production of cable products the main measures of decrease in their fire insecurity is the reduction of combustible materials masses and the use of the materials with the lowered level of inflammability, smoke - and gas emission [10].
Owing to deterioration in the operational characteristics of the cable lines there is set, in particular, a reduction the maximum allowed current loading.
To the timely exposure of increase of temperature, in particular round cable busses, works are devoted [34-38]. 2 Unresolved Issues The analysis of the literature references [3-38] and others data showed the absence of the accurate mathematical solution the heat exchange thermodynamic getting worse between the loaded cable line and the external space. 3 Main Part Let's estimate the influence of the thermodynamic properties of the isolation material on the parameters of the loaded cable lines.
The analysis of graphic dependences of the maximum allowed current Imax for the copper single-core wire with one layer rubber (or polyvinylchloride) as material of isolation from coefficient of the heat conductivity rubber or polychlorinated isolation at the various ambient temperatures confirms the following: - the value of the maximum allowed current depends on coefficient of heat conductivity of isolation not linearly, at the same time growth Imax corresponds to growth of coefficient λ2 - it is defined by the fact that growth of coefficient of heat conductivity causes reduction of value of linear thermal resistance of a convection thermolysis from an outer surface of the wire in the air; - temperature the environment similarly previous case affects value of the maximum allowed current Imax: its growth causes decrease: so at λ2 = 0,2 growth of temperature on 50С a reason to decrease Imax approximately on 5 А in certain conditions; - in the conditions of identical ambient temperature