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Influence of Contact Friction on the Experimental Determination of the Balanced Biaxial Strain-Ratio Using the Disc Compression Test Holger Aretza,∗, Frédéric Barlatb aHydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH, Research & Development, Georg-von-Boeselager-Str. 21, 53117 Bonn, Germany b Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology (GIFT), Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea aholger.aretz@hydro.com, bf.barlat@postech.ac.kr, ∗corresponding author Keywords: Sheet Forming, Materials Characterization, Anisotropy, Disc Compression Test, Materials Modelling, Yield Function Abstract.
This ability of flexible yield functions underlines their importance in materials modelling and analyzing thereof.
Aretz: An extension of Hill's localized necking model, International Journal of Engineering Science 48 (2010) 312-331 [2] H.
Barlat: Unconditionally convex yield functions for sheet metal forming based on linear stress deviator transformation, Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (2012) 667-672 [3] H.
Brinkman: A simple ductile failure model with application to AA5182 aluminium sheet forming, International Journal of Material Forming, in press, DOI 10.1007/s12289-013-1127-x [5] F.

The relationship between the entropy and the order of eco-industrial chains for recycling waste material The order of eco-industrial chains is the “live” structure formed by the coordination in the space, time or function between node enterprises [6].
Fig.1 Corresponding relation between entropy and order-disorder of eco-industrial chains for recycling waste material Affiliation entropy is used to describe structure order-disorder.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2004,12:985-995 [6] XuDaWei,WangZiYan,GuoLi.
Management Science in china,2004,17(6):51-56 [7] ZhangDengBing, LiuSiFeng.
Inner Mongolia Social Science, 2010,31(6):101-105

In recent decades the growing need for strengthening and retrofitting existing structures has led to the development of innovative strengthening materials.
Materials employed.
The FRMC materials employed in this study were commercially available from a single manufacturer.
G&P Intech of Altavilla Vicentina, Italy, is gratefully acknowledged for providing the FRCM composite materials.
ACI Material Journal, Vol. 111, No. 1-6, 2014, pp.1-12

The absorption can be adjusted by different filler materials or filler concentrations.
In the absence of absorption agent, the strongest absorb light are black materials, followed by white, red and yellow materials are poor.
Herrmann: Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites.
Zak: Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol.129 (2007), pp.1177-1186
Katsiropoulos: Journal of Composite Materials, Vol.44 (2010), pp.113-130.

The core of the system is a solar photovoltaic cell, a solar cell to work well not only to the battery materials, structures, is also affected by the external working conditions.
Pivac: Effects of low-temperature annealing on polycrystalline silicon for solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol.95 (2011), p.559-563 [2] A.
Khalili: Temperature dependence of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well based high efficiency solar cell, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol.95 (2011), p.3124-3129 [3] S.
Weingaertner: Numerical investigations of solar cell temperature for photovoltaic concentrator system with and without passive cooling arrangements, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol.50 (2011), p.2514-2521 [4] P.
Ravindra: Temperature dependence of solar cell performance—an analysis, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol.101 (2012), p.36-45 [8] Y.

Brandon, Materials engineering for solid oxide fuel cell technology, Materials Science Forum Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland 539-543 (2007) 20-27
Arico, Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes, Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 89 (2009)
Singhal, Science and technology of solid oxide fuel cells, Materials Research Bulletin 25 (2000) 16-21
Series: Materials Science and Engineering 18 (2011) 132008
Series: Materials Science and Engineering 18 (2011) 132008

The sample preparation and analysis were performed in the laboratories of the Politehnica University of Bucharest, Materials and Science Engineering Faculty, The SEM analyses were performed with an electronic microscope (Philips XL 30 ESEM TMP) equipped with a secondary electron detector in low vacuum and a BSE detector (backscattered electrons) with two diodes.
Mortazavi, Preparation and bioactivity evaluation of bone-like hydroxyapatite nanopowder, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 202 (2008) 536-542
Kim, Extraction of pure natural hydroxyapatite from the bovine bones biowaste by three different methods, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209(7) (2009) 3408-3415
Koutsopoulos, Synthesis and characterisation of hydroxyapatite crystals: a review study on the analytical methods, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 62(4) (2002) 600-612
Morosanu, Biomineralization capability of adherent bio-glass films prepared by magnetron sputtering, Journal Of Materials Science-Materials In Medicine, 21(4) (2010) 1047-1055

Emad-Al-Momani et al [9], uses DOE technique for investigating the effect of parameters for two different materials.
Methodology The experimentation part involves two different materials AISI 1020 and AISI 304 and the following represents the methodology in which the experimentation was carried out.
A.B. (2014), “Geometrical Defect in Precision Blanking/Punching: A Comprehensive Review on Burr Formation,” Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Vol.8, pp. 1139-1148
[11] Ridha Hambli, (June 2005), “Optimization of blanking process using neural network simulation”, The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol 30, PP. 135-139
Batoz (2004), “Blank optimization in sheet metal forming using an evolutionary algorithm”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, pp.183-191.

We are also grateful for the help from the center for composite materials at Taiyuan University of Technology.
References [1] Mingqiao Xu and Lili Wang: Mechanics of Materials Vol. 38(2006), p. 68-75
Li: International Journal of Impact Engineering Vol. 28(2003), p. 677-696
[3] Zhouhua Li and John Lambros: Composites Science and Technology Vol. 59(1999), p. 1097-1107
Bassim: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 155–156(2004), p. 1889–1892

Turba etal[12] obtained the effective stress intensity factors in the form of from the small punch test for sufficiently brittle materials.
In this paper, the high order element of quadrilateral was used to simulate the crack tip singularity of the power reinforced metal materials.
Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology.1991,113(2):263-270 [5] Mao X, Shoji T, Takahashi H.
Application of the small punch test to determine the fracture toughness of metallic materials, J.
Fatigue& Fracture of Engineering Materials&Structures, 2012,35:441-450