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The transmission ratios of input torque and output torque in both planetary reduction gear and harmonics reducer is theoretically a constant value.
Torque simulation curves are expressed based on piecewise PID algorithm, and the effectiveness of such method is validated according to real experiment data.
Rotating angle data b. input-output torque data Fig. 5 Experiment results with low torque a.
Rotating angle data b. input-output torque data Fig. 6 Experiment results with high torque Fig.5 and Fig.6 are the curves of angle and torque experiment data, from the comparisons within input and output values of which, quantized error has been obviously decreased.
Piecewise PID algorithm is proved to be suitable way to solve these problems, and simulation curves and actual experiment data validate the effectiveness of such method.

(4) Determined of the optimal inventory quota Steps that determine of the optimal inventory quota are as follows: ① Collecting the data: Collecting the data that maintenance spares are consumed in unit of time (year or month) over the past several years; ② Calculating the average consumption : During the calculation, Poisson distribution table should be used to analyze whether the data satisfied the normal rules.
For the abnormal data, the reason should be found out and amended.
Method is as amended: firstly, rejected the abnormal data.
For that unsatisfied data, the average consumption should be recalculated.
Case study In a department, there are 36 wet reduction unit thermal relays in the same model.

In order to regulate the SOC balance of batter, the adaptive control strategy can update itself through analyzing the data obtained from previous driving cycle.
The promise of adaptive management is that the reduction of structural uncertainty can lead to more effective management.
Table 1 Vehicle and component data Vehicle Vehicle mass: 16500kg Engine Type: 4 cylinder, Maximum power: 150kW Motor Type: AC induction motor, Maximum power: 100kW, Max torque: 620 Nm Battery pack Type:Ni-MH, Number of module: 260, Voltage(V): 1.2V The driving result as following: Fig. 8 The driving result at the first time Fig. 9 The driving result at the forth time Conclusion As show in the Fig.8 and Fig.9, the error between end driving cycle and the beginning cycle at the forth time compare to the first time is decreased.

The main challenge is the reduction of flow ability during injection of high load filler material.
Many investigations identified that injection molding is a promising process in cost reductions in graphite composites.
The flow behavior of graphite polymer composite can be obtained by rheology data.
Increased particle size gives a significant influence on the viscosity reduction.

The video microscopy data also demonstrated that the wetting behavior of the surface strongly influences the dynamics of fluid flow.
For example, LOC technology based on micro- and nanofluidics allows a significant reduction in the volume of expensive reagents, and provides a rational way to handle small analyte volumes.
Channels down to below 1 µm width and 12 µm depth have been fabricated (data not shown) [9].
It was previosly observed that the fluid flow was strongly influenced by the wetting characteristics of the channel surface (data not shown).

Capacitance value is measured using 2-channel data acquisition system (DAS) and parallel plate capacitive sensor at frequency 2.5 MHz.
The samples were prepared by performing size reduction using Ball Mill.
Data were taken in the frequency range up to 40 points with a frequency range of 1 kHz – 5 MHz.
Capacitance and dielectric constant of coals Sample Capacitance (pF) Dielectric Constant Lignite 9,8645 3,8275 Subbituminous 7,4215 2,8962 Bituminous 6,5674 2,5051 Anthracite 7,0602 2,6948 Different dielectric constant values were obtained due to the different composition of the coal in accordance with the data in Table 1.

(1) The output analog signal S1, which is digital-analog converted from the data sequence, can be expressed as (2), where A1 is the amplitude with preset amplitude error f, and phase angle is the same as data sequence
Since the error of the amplitude of data sequence A0 comes mainly from the algorithmic error [5], which is in 10-7 level, thus the error of A0 can be neglected.
An oscilloscope with at least 3 channels, or a data acquisition device with similar function is utilized as the wave-recording device [6].
The data in the table are in second.
Our further research work should focus on the reduction of error from the zero cross method, thus improving the accuracy class of this solution.

These data sets are summarized in Table 1.
The inserted or removed object is selected randomly from the data sets, and the experimental results are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Table 1: Data sets Data sets Number of rows No. of attributes No. of classes Data sets No. of rows No. of attributes No. of classes Hayes 132 6 3 Breast 569 32 2 Iris 150 5 3 Balance 625 5 3 Wine 178 14 3 Pima 768 9 2 Haberman 306 4 2 Connectionist 991 14 11 Liver 345 7 2 Yeast 1484 9 10 Climate 540 20 2 Fig. 1.
A distance measure approach to exploring the rough set boundary region for attribute reduction.
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 22(2010): 306-317

Specifically, our sensing system is designed to achieve the following goals: • Personalized, real-time sensing of comprehensive hybrid vehicle and user driving data; • Power-efficient monitoring and sensing data quality assurance; • Transparent sensing for ease of deployment and minimum driver obstruction.
The data gathered include speed, battery system and fuel use data
Specifically, three different monitoring modes are supported: (1) unsolicited OBD mode for battery system related data (e.g., current, voltage, SOC); (2) solicited OBD mode for fuel combustion engine data (e.g., air intake); and (3) mobile sensing mode for collecting GPS, speed, and acceleration data from the mobile device.
Driving analysis has drawn significant attention in the past Previous studies have used GPS devices, accelerometer, and deployed on-board data acquisition system to capture user driving data [9].
Using global positioning system travel data to assess real-world energy use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.

This paper analyses the twenty years’ performance of a 7.5 MW biomass power plant situated at Rangpur village near Kota city of Rajasthan, India, based on capital cost, present cost of biomass per tonne, data obtained from 2006 to 2015 related to annual power generation, and annual consumption of biomass.
The advantages of using biomass based power plants includes lower GHG emission, energy cost saving, sustainability of power supply, waste reduction management, and local economic development.
Year Annual energy output (Et) [kWh] Auxiliary energy consumed by plant [kWh] Energy exported to grid [kWh] PLF [%] 2006-07 19287200 - - 29.35 2007-08 40866700 - - 62.20 2008-09 54010400 5512600 48497800 82.20 2009-10 47074500 5262600 41811900 71.65 2010-11 52084300 5562400 46521900 79.27 2011-12 46273400 5363200 40910200 70.43 2012-13 43488543 5107123 38381420 66.19 2013-14 50700770 5403370 45297400 77.17 2014-15 48968000 5379400 43588600 74.53 - Data Not Available Fig. 2.
Xu, Trade-off between carbon reduction benefits and ecological costs of biomass-based power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) in China, J.