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Ackowledgements Civil Engineering Post Graduation Programme of Federal University of Amazonas – PPGEC / Post Graduation Programme of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – COPPE - UFRJ / Post Graduation Programme – Universidade of São Paulo – Post Graduation Programme in Structure Engineering – USP-SÃO CARLOS / Support to Researches Foundations FAPEAM / CAPES / CNPq.
Thesys, Departament of Engineering, Federal University of Amazonas. (2009) [3] R.
Thesys, Departament of Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. (2005) [5] K.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 23 (2011) 177 - 187
In: 18° Engineering Mechanics Division Conference (2007)

Qeshta1, a,PayamShafigh2,b,Mohd Zamin Jumaat3,c, Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla 4,d,Ubagaram Johnson Alengaram5,e,Zainah Ibrahim6,f 1,2,3,5,6Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Iraq aismailqeshta@siswa.um.edu.my, b p_shafigh@yahoo.com, c zamin@um.edu.my, d aziz_914@yahoo.com, e johnson@um.edu.my, fzainah@um.edu.my Keywords:Flexural performance; concrete beam; welded wire mesh; composite Abstract.This paper investigates the flexural performance of plain concrete beams bonded with wire mesh-epoxy composite.
Introduction Strengthening and retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) structures has become one of the most challenging tasks in the field of civil engineering.
Structural Engineer.
Advances in Structural Engineering, 2010. 13(1): p. 69-80

Mechanical Properties on the Welded Connection of Pipe and Hollow Spheres Joints Yajie Yan1, a, Honggang Lei1, b, Xue Yang2, c 1Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Architecture and civil engineering, 030024, China 2Shandong Yingcai University, College of Architecture and engineering, 250104, China atylaoxi@163.com, blhgang168@126.com, cyangxue-123321@163.com Keywords: Steel Pipe; Hollow Sphere; Welded Connection; Mechanical Property Abstract.
Introduction Steel pipe as a reasonable force component, widely used in mechanical, civil engineering.
Monomer works as different span, rise high, mesh scale and the different functions of grid structure, resulting in practical engineering of steel pipes and hollow spheres with the large number of species.
Selecting the type of steel pipes and hollow spheres used in practical engineering and taking into account of the hollow sphere structural requirements, the principles of finite element analysis model adopted as follow: (1) the ratio of hollow spheres and pipe wall thickness to meet the 1.2 ≤ T / t ≤ 2; (2) the ratio of hollow sphere outer diameter and wall thickness to meet the 25 ≤ D / T ≤ 45; (3) Outer diameter of hollow spheres choose between the range of 200mm ~ 500mm; (4) Outer diameter of steel pipe choose between the range of 159mm ~ 50mm.
In Chinese [3] Dongqi Qin: Finite element investigation for hollow spherical joint of space truss [1], Engineering Mechanics, 1990, 7 (1): 34-39.

This paper describes the vibration testing and analysis methods of the Steel Truss Coal Trestle (hereinafter referred to as STCT) though engineering examples.
Fig.5 First 3 order vibration model figures Results Analysis The dynamic analysis of the STCT shows that the trestle structure modal characteristics are different from civil architecture or the multistory industrial buildings.
[3] Jian Xu: Construction Vibration Engineering Manual(China Architecture and Building Press, China 2002)

Calculation of Axial Loads on Columns by Tributary Area Method and Finite Element Method Mohd Faiz Mohammad Zaki 1, a, Mohd Zulham Affandi Mohd Zahid1, b, Afizah Ayob 1, c and Tee Chin Fang 1,d 1School of Environmental Engineering, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia afaizzaki@unimap.edu.my, bmohdzulham@unimap.edu.my, c afizah@unimap.edu.my, dteechinfang@gmail.com Keywords: Tributary area method, axial load, finite element method Abstract.
This idea normally required sound knowledge of structural design and rational engineering judgments.
Sack, Design Live Loads for Coherent Crowd Harmonic Movements, Journal of Structural Engineering. 118 (1992) 1121-1136
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering. 3 (2012) 336-345.

In instrument making, rivet connections are used more often than in mechanical engineering.
In aviation engineering, the diameter of the rivet is determined as the [10].
Engineering Failure Analysis, 2012, 20: 9-24
Implication of unequal rivet load distribution in the failures and damage tolerant design of metal and composite civil aircraft riveted lap joints.
Engineering Failure Analysis, 2009, 16(7): 2255-2273

The Fatigue Behavior of Steel Structures under Random Loading Henning Agerskov Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Building 118, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark ha@byg.dtu.dk Keywords: Fatigue, steel, steel structures, random loading, fatigue tests, fracture mechanics.
The question of the validity of Miner's rule is the background for a series of research projects on fatigue in steel structures, carried out at the Department of Civil Engineering of the Technical University of Denmark.
Summary and conclusions A series of research projects on fatigue in steel structures, primarily bridges, offshore structures and chimneys, has been carried out at the Department of Civil Engineering of the Technical University of Denmark.
Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 118, No. 8, pp. 2101-2117, (1992)
Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 152-162, (1999)

Partala1, f 1Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport (UkrSURT) Feyerbah Sq. 7,Kharkiv, Ukraine 2Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (KhNUCEA) Sumska Str. 40, Kharkiv, Ukraine 3Hydrotechproject; Romain Rolland Str.12, Kharkiv, Ukraine aplugin_aa@kart.edu.ua, btakostuk@ukr.net, cplugin07@gmail.com, ddm_bondarenko@yahoo.com, ejvine@mail.ru, fnatabim@mail.ru.
(In Russian) [19] Matvienko,V., Babushkin, V.The role of surface electrical properties of the components in the formation of the concrete structure, Proc. of 2 Intern. scientific and engineering conf.
Engineering Chemistry, St.
(In Russian) [21] Babushkin, V.I., Plugin,A.A., Kostyuk,T.A., Matvienko,V.A.Influence of surface active centers on the strength of fine-grained concrete,Scientific bulletin of civil engineering, Kharkiv,KhSTUBA, 1998,V.5, pp.85-88.
,Proschin,O.Yu. et al The methodological approach to the issue of determining the depth of penetration of the compositions, penetrating.Scientific bulletin of civil engineering, Kharkiv,KhSTUBA, 2003, V.22, pp.43-46.

Limits and Potential of 3D Printing Technologies for Construction of Concrete Shells Michal KOVÁŘÍK1,a*, Pavel SVOBODA2,b and Henri Hubertus ACHTEN3,c 1,2Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Construction Technology, Thákurova 7, 166 29, Praha 6, Czech Republic 3Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architectural Modelling, Thákurova 9, 166 34, Praha 6, Czech Republic amichal.kovarik@fsv.cvut.cz, bpavel.svoboda@fsv.cvut.cz, cachten@fa.cvut.cz Keywords: 3D Printing, Additive Manufacturing, Concrete Shells, Construction Technology, Concrete Structures.
D-Shape technology is similarly to CC originally intended for the civil engineering applications on Earth, but it offers wider freedom in geometries due to the supporting layers by each other inside the printing space.
Acknowledgments This paper was funded from the SGS18/009/OHK1/1T/11 grant as part of the doctoral research at the Department of Construction Technology at Faculty of Civil Engineering of CTU in Prague.
Palumbo Fernández, ““Brick-topia”, the thin-tile vaulted pavilion”, Case Studies in Structural Engineering, 2, (2014), pp. 33-40
Yeh, “Mega-scale fabrication by Contour Crafting”, International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 1(3), (2006), 301–320

Analysis and Research the Influence about the Control from the Excavation Way to Deformation of Foundation Pit Dong Wanga,Chunlei Fengb and Jianbo Sunc Faculty of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan650500, China aedit-me@163.com,bdtx_good@163.com,c505660573@qq.com Keywords: Foundation Pit Engineering, Excavation Way, Excavation in Segmentation, Deformation Control.
Different excavation methods present different influence on the deformation of foundation pit.Combining with engineering example,it analyzes and researches the excavation way of the reserved soil after foundation pit excavation.And through the application of the finite element software MIDAS GTS,it carries on the numerical simulation for the impact of section excavation sequence and different section length on the deformation.Ultimately it determines the optimal excavation sequence and length,and achieves the purpose of control deformation during construction.
The excavation principle.The principle of preparation for earthwork excavation scheme is stratified,segmented,piecemeal,symmetry,balance,time limits, interval,hold before digging,limited time for support and forbidden the overcut.But the first three principles are not provided the size,so it needs to divided by combination with the engineering practice.
The soil distribution characteristics.According to the cause of the foundation soil,lithology, physical and mechanical properties,and characteristics of the project,it makes the division for foundation soil into engineering geological unit layers and unit sub-layers.and there are 6 unit layers and 6 unit sub-layers.The engineering geological unit layers from top to bottom is artificial filled soil,clay,gravel,clay,containing cohesive soil round gravel,clay and containing cohesive soil round stone.
[5]Guobin Liu,Zhonghua Xu.Foundation pit engineering handbook.