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Online since: June 2021
Authors: Bebe Adrian Olei, Ionel Dănuț Savu, Nicuşor Alin Sîrbu, Sorin Vasile Savu, Mirela Ciornei
The decreasing was produced by the reduction of the elasticity, when the chain branches were decreasing their length.
The decreasing was produced by the reduction of the elasticity, when the chain branches are decreasing their length.
, Brașov, 25.10.2019 [2] Savu, I.D., et.al., PP in 3D Printing – Technical and Economic Aspects, Materiale Plastice, 56, no. 4, 2019, pp 931-936 [3] Ciornei, M., 3D printing for rapid prototyping and fabrication – economic aspects, 11th iCOnEc Conference, Craiova, Ro, 25-26.10.2019 [4] Shahrubudin, N., Lee, T.C., Ramlan, R., An Overview on 3D Printing Technology: Technological, Materials, and Applications, Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 1286–1296 [5] ***, https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2019/10/01/the-history-of-3d-printing-3d-printing-technologies-from-the-80s-to-today/, Procedia Manufacturing, Volume 35, 2019, Pages 1286-1296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.089 [6] Finnes, T., High Definition 3D Printing – Comparing SLA and FDM Printing Technologies, The Journal of Undergraduate Research: Vol. 13, Article 3. 2015, Available at:http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/jur/vol13/iss1/3, Pag 10-27 [7] ***, https://www.zspotmedia.ro/blog/printare-3d/ accesat la data 20.09.2019 [8]
The decreasing was produced by the reduction of the elasticity, when the chain branches are decreasing their length.
, Brașov, 25.10.2019 [2] Savu, I.D., et.al., PP in 3D Printing – Technical and Economic Aspects, Materiale Plastice, 56, no. 4, 2019, pp 931-936 [3] Ciornei, M., 3D printing for rapid prototyping and fabrication – economic aspects, 11th iCOnEc Conference, Craiova, Ro, 25-26.10.2019 [4] Shahrubudin, N., Lee, T.C., Ramlan, R., An Overview on 3D Printing Technology: Technological, Materials, and Applications, Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) 1286–1296 [5] ***, https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2019/10/01/the-history-of-3d-printing-3d-printing-technologies-from-the-80s-to-today/, Procedia Manufacturing, Volume 35, 2019, Pages 1286-1296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.089 [6] Finnes, T., High Definition 3D Printing – Comparing SLA and FDM Printing Technologies, The Journal of Undergraduate Research: Vol. 13, Article 3. 2015, Available at:http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/jur/vol13/iss1/3, Pag 10-27 [7] ***, https://www.zspotmedia.ro/blog/printare-3d/ accesat la data 20.09.2019 [8]
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Dieter Hofmann, Andreas Lendlein, Maria Entrialgo, Jürgen Reiche, Karl Kratz
Equilibration was then followed by MD data production runs typically extending over 1ns at a temperature T of 310 K and snapshots of the model geometry were saved in a respective history file for every 500 fs.
Table 2: Basic parameters of selected simulation models (all simulation data averaged over 3 models in each case) Polymer Experimental density (g/cm3) Av.
Concerning the latter data it needs to be mentioned that all interactions, i.e. van der Waals, electrostatic and hydrogen bonds were considered.
Table 3 contains important properties calculated from the simulation data Table 3: Properties calculated from the simulation data.
If then the simulated development of the free volume is compared with the respective experimental water uptake data, it is clearly visible that PGA overtakes PLLA already after a relatively short time.
Table 2: Basic parameters of selected simulation models (all simulation data averaged over 3 models in each case) Polymer Experimental density (g/cm3) Av.
Concerning the latter data it needs to be mentioned that all interactions, i.e. van der Waals, electrostatic and hydrogen bonds were considered.
Table 3 contains important properties calculated from the simulation data Table 3: Properties calculated from the simulation data.
If then the simulated development of the free volume is compared with the respective experimental water uptake data, it is clearly visible that PGA overtakes PLLA already after a relatively short time.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Zhen Yu Wang, Jian Ren
The results showed that the two kinds of pigment had higher stability to light and heat (unpublished data).Therefore, the pigment extracted from fruits of Padus racemosa and Padus virginiana are new potential forestry sources as natural food colorants.
Data were expressed as mmol cyaniding-3-glucoside equivalents (CGE) per gram dry basis (mmol CGE/g DW).
The colour changes from purple to yellow after reduction can be quantified by its decrease of absorbance at wavelength 517 nm [14] .Fig.2 showed the scavenging activity of pigment extracted from fruits of Padus racemosa and Padus virginiana on DPPH·.
In this assay system, the presence of antioxidant causes the reduction of the Fe3+/ferricyanide complex to the ferrous form (Fe2+) monitored at 700 nm.
Data were expressed as mmol cyaniding-3-glucoside equivalents (CGE) per gram dry basis (mmol CGE/g DW).
The colour changes from purple to yellow after reduction can be quantified by its decrease of absorbance at wavelength 517 nm [14] .Fig.2 showed the scavenging activity of pigment extracted from fruits of Padus racemosa and Padus virginiana on DPPH·.
In this assay system, the presence of antioxidant causes the reduction of the Fe3+/ferricyanide complex to the ferrous form (Fe2+) monitored at 700 nm.
Online since: May 2004
Authors: Cemail Aksel
The incorporation of fine zircon particles gave a
significant improvement in densification through a reduction in porosity by faster sintering and by
filling of interparticle voids due to the formation of a glassy phase.
Thermal shock test data were in good agreement with the prediction obtained from R''' parameter values.
Conclusions The increase in sintering temperature and addition of fine zircon particles gave a marked improvement in densification through a significant reduction in porosity by faster sintering and by filling of interparticle voids due to the formation of a liquid phase.
Thermal shock parameter R''' and thermal shock data confirmed that a refractory material sintered at 1650 °C with a 20% zircon content showed the highest resistance to crack propagation, indicating a marked improvement in thermal shock resistance.
Thermal shock test data were in good agreement with the prediction obtained from R''' parameter values.
Conclusions The increase in sintering temperature and addition of fine zircon particles gave a marked improvement in densification through a significant reduction in porosity by faster sintering and by filling of interparticle voids due to the formation of a liquid phase.
Thermal shock parameter R''' and thermal shock data confirmed that a refractory material sintered at 1650 °C with a 20% zircon content showed the highest resistance to crack propagation, indicating a marked improvement in thermal shock resistance.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Yu Ping Tong, Chang Li Xiao, Zhong Zheng Yang, Lu De Lu, Hao Bing Fu
And the intercalations of TMA and CTA cations were also identified from the IR data shown in Fig.2 and the TG data shown in Fig.3.
In addition, there was a corresponding reduction peak at 0.712V, suggesting the electrochemical behaviors of the zirconium (IV) complex was reversible.
The cyclic voltammetry behaviors of the Zr(HPO4)2·H2O showed a typical reversible process, and indicated that the compound had oxidation and reduction activities.
In addition, there was a corresponding reduction peak at 0.712V, suggesting the electrochemical behaviors of the zirconium (IV) complex was reversible.
The cyclic voltammetry behaviors of the Zr(HPO4)2·H2O showed a typical reversible process, and indicated that the compound had oxidation and reduction activities.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Mo Jie Sun, Peng Wang, Yu Han Shan, Chun Biao Zhang
The most commonly used methods are Pyrolysis Method and Microwave Digestion Method, of which some obvious problems are inevitable,such as their detecting processes are complicated, the detecting periods are long, releasing harmful gases including SO2 and SO3 when digesting the organophosphorus and the data from those methods are scattered[3].
As nano-TiO2 has the advantages of high stability, non-toxic, low cost and it can participate in the light oxidation and reduction reactions in lighting condition, nano-TiO2 is widely used in water treatment field as the catalyst [4].
After that point, the current through the solution beyond the limit current, the ion diffusion effect descends, which leads to the reduction of the ion transfer.
The data shows that the two methods have no significant difference in standard deviation and RSD.
As nano-TiO2 has the advantages of high stability, non-toxic, low cost and it can participate in the light oxidation and reduction reactions in lighting condition, nano-TiO2 is widely used in water treatment field as the catalyst [4].
After that point, the current through the solution beyond the limit current, the ion diffusion effect descends, which leads to the reduction of the ion transfer.
The data shows that the two methods have no significant difference in standard deviation and RSD.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Yin Cheng, Hai Jun Yang, Wei Wei Zhou, Xi Hu, Zhong Qing Wu
Therefore, the effective ways of reducing the significant security risks of potassium chlorate in pyrotechnics are the increase of the decomposition temperature and the reduction of the decomposition heat release of the potassium chlorate, which is the improvement of thermostability of potassium chlorate.
The temperature and peak area of decomposition reaction on the uncoated and coated potassium chlorate were analyzed and compared by DTA in Beijing permanent Scientific Instrument HCT-2 calorimeter at the heating rate of 10℃/min. 2 Results and Discussion 2.1 The effects of coating agents on thermostablity of potassium chlorate Fig. 1TheDTAcurvesof uncoated potassium chlorate (1#) and coated potassium chlorate with different coating agents: PVB (2#); Silane coupling agent kh550 (3#); and Gelatin (4#) The DTA curves and associated data of the uncoated coated and potassium chlorate are presented in Fig.1 and Table 1, respectively.
Table 1 The peak area data of uncoated and coated potassium chlorate obtained from the DTA curves in Fig.1 Sample No Coating agent Peakarea (J/g) ① ② ③ ④ 1# None -118.59 551.94 1193.11 932.2 2# Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) -113.12 453.74 1409.04 928.18 3# Silane coupling agent kh550 -90.93 204.32 983.77 690.6 4# Gelatin -118.47 482.58 1088.24 833.52 Note:"-" indicates that the reaction is endothermic In order to compare the sample difference between uncoated potassium chlorate and coated potassium chlorate, the morphology of sample 1# and sample 3# observed by optical video microscopy are presented in Fig. 2.The morphology of sample 1#, the uncoated potassium chlorate is presented in Fig.2-1#.And Fig.2-3#shows the morphology of sample 3#, potassium chlorate coated by silane coupling agent kh550.
The reduction of the areas of the peaks②,③,④ in the DTA curves were used as the targets of original test.
The temperature and peak area of decomposition reaction on the uncoated and coated potassium chlorate were analyzed and compared by DTA in Beijing permanent Scientific Instrument HCT-2 calorimeter at the heating rate of 10℃/min. 2 Results and Discussion 2.1 The effects of coating agents on thermostablity of potassium chlorate Fig. 1TheDTAcurvesof uncoated potassium chlorate (1#) and coated potassium chlorate with different coating agents: PVB (2#); Silane coupling agent kh550 (3#); and Gelatin (4#) The DTA curves and associated data of the uncoated coated and potassium chlorate are presented in Fig.1 and Table 1, respectively.
Table 1 The peak area data of uncoated and coated potassium chlorate obtained from the DTA curves in Fig.1 Sample No Coating agent Peakarea (J/g) ① ② ③ ④ 1# None -118.59 551.94 1193.11 932.2 2# Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) -113.12 453.74 1409.04 928.18 3# Silane coupling agent kh550 -90.93 204.32 983.77 690.6 4# Gelatin -118.47 482.58 1088.24 833.52 Note:"-" indicates that the reaction is endothermic In order to compare the sample difference between uncoated potassium chlorate and coated potassium chlorate, the morphology of sample 1# and sample 3# observed by optical video microscopy are presented in Fig. 2.The morphology of sample 1#, the uncoated potassium chlorate is presented in Fig.2-1#.And Fig.2-3#shows the morphology of sample 3#, potassium chlorate coated by silane coupling agent kh550.
The reduction of the areas of the peaks②,③,④ in the DTA curves were used as the targets of original test.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Rusnaldy Rusnaldy, Norman Iskandar, Yusuf Umardani, Paryanto Paryanto, Susilo Adi Widyanto
Sue et al. [5] reported that application of cooling air resulted in drastic reduction in tool wear and surface roughness in turning of Inconel 718 and in high speed milling of AISI D2.
The test data of tool temperature for four cooling conditions is shown in Fig. 1.
Experimental data has shown that tool temperature increases with respect to the cutting time.
The reason is because of the reduction of tool temperature by air cooling techniques (see Fig. 1), which helped in reducing abrasion wear by retaining tool hardness and also adhesion and diffusion types of wear which are highly sensitive to temperature.
The test data of tool temperature for four cooling conditions is shown in Fig. 1.
Experimental data has shown that tool temperature increases with respect to the cutting time.
The reason is because of the reduction of tool temperature by air cooling techniques (see Fig. 1), which helped in reducing abrasion wear by retaining tool hardness and also adhesion and diffusion types of wear which are highly sensitive to temperature.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Qian Wen Gou
Choosing 2010-2011 listed company in pollution industry, and excluding ST and data incomplete companies, 152 samples was selected.
Waste reduction, resources and energy efficiency improvement, environmental mission statements had the highest occurrence.
Mission statement 0.41 0.67 0.54 Waste reduction 0.67 0.59 0.63 Planning and rules 0.46 0.47 0.46 resources efficiency 0.68 0.45 0.57 Staff training 0.41 0.38 0.39 Green process 0.52 0.47 0.50 Dedicated funds 0.49 0.24 0.36 Green research 0.42 0.47 0.45 Certification 0.47 0.10 0.28 Recycling 0.43 0.37 0.40 Environmental department 0.34 0.14 0.24 Pollution Monitoring 0.36 0.18 0.27 Risk Analysis 0.30 0.17 0.24 Green working 0.22 0.13 0.18 Green supplier 0.28 0.17 0.23 Green materials 0.17 0.11 0.14 Appraisal and reward 0.25 0.16 0.21 Ecological restoration 0.16 0.05 0.11 Environmental Coalition 0.20 0.03 0.11 Green market 0.07 0.11 0.09 Environmental charity 0.07 0.08 0.07 Environmental cost 0.16 0.02 0.08 Green business development 0.06 0.02 0.04 Use of clean energy 0.09 0.08 0.08 Notes.
Second, we chose list companies reports as the main data resource, providing another choice beside the main existing research based on theory analysis and case study.
Waste reduction, resources and energy efficiency improvement, environmental mission statements had the highest occurrence.
Mission statement 0.41 0.67 0.54 Waste reduction 0.67 0.59 0.63 Planning and rules 0.46 0.47 0.46 resources efficiency 0.68 0.45 0.57 Staff training 0.41 0.38 0.39 Green process 0.52 0.47 0.50 Dedicated funds 0.49 0.24 0.36 Green research 0.42 0.47 0.45 Certification 0.47 0.10 0.28 Recycling 0.43 0.37 0.40 Environmental department 0.34 0.14 0.24 Pollution Monitoring 0.36 0.18 0.27 Risk Analysis 0.30 0.17 0.24 Green working 0.22 0.13 0.18 Green supplier 0.28 0.17 0.23 Green materials 0.17 0.11 0.14 Appraisal and reward 0.25 0.16 0.21 Ecological restoration 0.16 0.05 0.11 Environmental Coalition 0.20 0.03 0.11 Green market 0.07 0.11 0.09 Environmental charity 0.07 0.08 0.07 Environmental cost 0.16 0.02 0.08 Green business development 0.06 0.02 0.04 Use of clean energy 0.09 0.08 0.08 Notes.
Second, we chose list companies reports as the main data resource, providing another choice beside the main existing research based on theory analysis and case study.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Mohsen Izadinia, Arash Khosravi, Amir Mahdi Moslemi, Mohaddeseh Heydari
Deterioration of hardened Portland cement paste by gypsum formation goes through a process that, at first leads to reduction of stiffness and strength, then to expansion and cracking, and eventually transformation of concrete into a mushy or non-cohesive mass[9].
The data on the weight loss of concrete specimens exposed to sulfate solution are schematically presented as a function of the exposure time in Fig 3.
This data indicates that the weight loss of concretes decreased due to an increase in the weight of specimens upon exposure to the test solution compared with their initial weights.
Thinning of pore size of cement paste, compact of hydration productions phase and reduction of unfavorable crystal phase leads to an increase in resistance to ion diffusion.
The data on the weight loss of concrete specimens exposed to sulfate solution are schematically presented as a function of the exposure time in Fig 3.
This data indicates that the weight loss of concretes decreased due to an increase in the weight of specimens upon exposure to the test solution compared with their initial weights.
Thinning of pore size of cement paste, compact of hydration productions phase and reduction of unfavorable crystal phase leads to an increase in resistance to ion diffusion.