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It described that, the maximum reduction in surface temperature is possible with sintered wick at 45° tilt angle and 60° for mesh wick with CuO/DI water nanofluids concentration at 1.0 wt%.
The reduction in thermal resistance of 13.92% was obtained from sintered wick which is higher than mesh wick heat pipe for the same parameters [8].
Various authors experimentally concluded the use of nano fluids instead of base fluids which led to a massive reduction in thermal resistance and the wall temperature [18-20].
heva= qevaTeva-Tsat (4) hcon= qconTsat-Tcon (5) Where, eva: Evaporator and con: Condenser Results and Discussion Effect of Nano Coated Wick: Figure 3(a) shows that, the variation of wall temperature measured along the length of the heat pipe at different heat inputs using thermal data loggers.
The temperature reduction at the evaporator was essential and is obtained with various temperature rise depends on the Nano materials used.

The further heat generated at the large screen area results in the reduction of the productivity of the hammer mill [14].
The downtime resulted in reduction in revenue amounting to over 2 million Naira per week.
Alaka, Elucidating Energy Requirements for Size Reduction of Malted Maize, Soybean and Sorghum Milling Using Attrition Mill,  Energy Conversion and Management: X. (2021) 100100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2021.100100 [14] P.
Vasilyev, Efficiency of hybrid cyclic processing with the use of additive technologies on CNC machines for the manufacture of composite aviation parts due to the reduction of processing errors, In Materials Science Forum  946 (2019) 959-965.
Dos Santos, Data fusion framework for decision-making support in reliability-centered maintenance, Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering. 38,1 (2021) 1-17

However, the reduction of azo bond cracking in a considerable number of azo dyes may occur and form carcinogenic aromatic amines in their production and use, and some azo dye carcinogenic itself or on the human body with allergic.
As water treatment technology, photocatalytic oxidation-reduction method has appeared in the last 20 years.
For its energy conservation, moderate reaction conditions, the secondary pollution reduction and other advantages, the new sewage treatment technology has a good prospect.
Table 2 Electronegativity difference of 3 oxides Oxide Fe2O3 Y2O3 La2O3 Electronegativiy △χ 1.61 2.22 2.34 The data in Table 2 show that electronegativity difference of La2O3 is bigger than Y2O3, so that the ionicity of LaFeO3 is stronger.
CO oxidation and NO reduction on perovskite oxides, J.

The tensile modulus and tensile strength data are presented in Table 2.
Conversely, the lowest tensile modulus is associated with sample C, demonstrating a reduction of approximately 17.6% compared to the highest value.
The compromised flexural strength of the composite may be attributed to a weakened interfacial bonding, ultimately resulting in a reduction in the overall mechanical properties of the composite [16].
Nevertheless, this reduction is not significant overall [16].
In cases where bonding between WH fiber and epoxy resin is insufficient, it leads to a reduction in the composite's impact energy.

Size reduction down to the nanoscale led to resonance frequencies of 186 THz (Fig. 1 (c)) and 216 THz.
Obviously, such dielectric materials introduced a basically unwanted shift and reduction of the resonance peaks of the metallic structures besides other constraints concerning thermal, chemical and radiation effects [10].
While both lithography and subsequent electroplating are parallel-processing techniques as far as all the structures combined on one wafer are concerned and are thus already cost-saving compared to primary pattern generation such as laser or electron beam writing, an even larger cost reduction is (a) Mask layout for meta-foil (b) Completed meta-foils on wafer before release Pattern on mask 1 Pattern on mask 2 Pattern on mask 3 (c) (d) Fig. 5: (a) Mask layout including eight meta-foils with window-frame and four meta-foils without.
They may serve as narrow-band filters, selective high-reflectance mirrors, and focusing elements in THz optical systems for various purposes including security inspection to detect plastic materials such as explosives in the 1-10 THz range, or high bit-rate data transfer links and telecommunication.
As meta-foils are Fig. 14: Transmission spectrum of a 2SP meta-foil sensitive to their dielectric environment, they may also serve as sensors for dielectrics [18] in which both peak shift and amplitude reduction might be used for detection and sensing.

According to National Bureau of Statistics data analysis, the end of 2010, the coal mine construction scale of 1.79 billion tons, which was built to the scale of 1.186 billion tons.
Large coal enterprises into the basic management of the energy saving, especially the introduction of the management network of the three energy-saving emission reduction and energy savings assessment indicators, through the development and improve the standard system of the coal industry and environmental protection, energy-saving industrial system, to make up for coal lack of management of enterprise energy saving industry, strengthening the basis for the management of energy saving; increase investment in science and technology, and actively carry out the coal enterprises in energy saving technology strategy research, through increased technological innovation, eliminating backward equipment and technology, making reasonable adjustments the industrial structure, promote the work of energy saving, large state-owned key coal enterprises has made significant achievements in energy (table 2) in 2008 compared with 2005, output value of the energy consumption of the large coal enterprises
Huainan Mining Group l In the circular economy has made remarkable achievements in the implementation of the built environment-friendly coal enterprises to achieve the organic unity of the coal, energy saving, saving, emission reduction, and increased efficiency.
As of the end of 2010, China has over 2847 projects approved by the competent national authorities, these projects are expected emission reductions to reach 490 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.
As of April 2010, China has issued the Clean Development Mechanism of the CBM areas of a total of 10 projects, estimated annual emission reductions of 650 × 104t of carbon dioxide equivalent.

On the basis of this relationship, it can be obviously achieved that increasing the grinding wheel speed while keeping all other parameters constant will result in a reduction in the single-grit maximum undeformed chip thickness and consequently reduce the grinding force acting upon each cutting edge.
Simultaniously, reduction in the maximum chip undeformed thickness improves the achieved workpiece surface roughness and reduced grinding force suppresses the trend of grinding wheel wear, which means the improved component quality and the extended grinding wheel durability (Fig.1.a) [1].
(2) which could be also shown in Fig.1.b As the grinding wheel speed increases, the quantity of thermal energy introduced into the workpiece also increases since an increase in cutting speed is not normally accompanied by a proportional reduction in the tangential grinding force, and thus in an increase in process power[4]; meanwhile, the grinding efficiency featured by the MRR almost keeps no increase.
What else, high pressure cooling, on-line dynamic balancing and noise reduction measures must be taken into consideration.
For the future works, the spindle idle power can be obtained by both theoretical calculation and experimental data for the better choice of the motorized spindle; CBN grinding wheel should go through some safety rotating test; Particularly, experiments should be carried out after much simulation work on computer since there exits many unknown phenomenona and results.

In controlled landfill, scavenging activity is allowed and believed as a contribution to waste reduction.
Scavenging is becoming a main income for most scavengers and can contribute to waste reduction leading to longer landfill's age as well as lower LFG emission.
Method Sampling method Purposive sampling method was addressed to attain the data of waste reduction through scavengers in landfill.
The involvement of informal sector in waste separation in landfill has contributed waste reduction.

Introduction With the CMOS process downscaling and the operation frequency increasing, power reduction has become an important design issue for circuits and applications that traditionally are driven almost solely by performance constraints.
Fortunately, the body-biasing schematic benefits CMOS digital circuits for both leakage power reduction and switching speed improvement [15-17].
Sakurai, “A reduced clock-swing flip-flop (RCSFF) for 63% power reduction,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 807-811, May 1998
Sakurai, “A reduced clock-swing flip-flop(RCSFF) for 63% power reduction,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, no.5, pp.807-811, May 1998
Augustine, et al., “Data-dependant sense-amplifier flip-flop for low power applications,” in Proc.

Finally, a comparative strategy concerning friction reduction in ring-pack system is discussed.
The form component is removed from acquired 3D data using least square method based on a cubic Spline function.
It shows that the friction coefficient decreases mainly with groove depth reduction.
Zahouani, Energy efficiency optimization of engine by frictional reduction of functional surfaces of cylinder ring-pack system, Tribol.
Jeulin, Parametric Optimization of Periodic Textured Surfaces for Friction Reduction in Combustion Engines, Tribol.