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According to Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia number of biogas stations with cogeneration power plants increased from 2 in 2008 to 36 in 2012 reaching installed electrical capacity of 42,4 MW and installed thermal capacity of 46,6 MW.
The agricultural complex traditionally produced raw dairy milk and grain crops but recently involved in energy production and became net energy producer.
Number of milking cows increased from 172 in year 2010 to 231 in year 2011.
Rest of the arable land area was used to cultivate barley and produced barley grains that were fed to livestock.
Screenings from local grain cleaners were used as one of substrates in the biogas production (see Fig. 2).

The outer Ag layer exhibited equiaxed coarse grains formed on the underlying Ni barrier layer and Ti adhesive layer.
Cross-section of the SiC wafer with Ti/Ni/coarse grained Ag films.
Pressure less Ag paste sintered die bonding of Ti/Ni/coarse grained Ag metallized SiC chip with DBC substrates at 250 ℃ for 60 min.
As shown in Fig. 4, the nano-twinned grain structure appeared on the Ti-precoated SiC chip, containing a large number of parallel-aligned twins with an average twin spacing of approximately 20 nm.
While the use of nano-twinned films to enhance Ag-sintered die bonding has been well demonstrated, modification of the backside metallization on IC wafers, transitioning from coarse-grained structures to nano-twinned grains, is sometimes impractical or undesirable in industrial applications.

Major drawbacks are the poor reliability and predictability of SMA elements available from SMA providers - it is not possible to guarantee the stability of the functional stress-strain-temperature responses of SMAs with time, larger strain and stress amplitudes, number of activation cycles etc to the precision required in engineering.
Optical observations of martensitic microstructures on polished surfaces of SMA single crystals or large grain polycrystals have been used since early days as an experimental method for characterization of microstructure evolutions in SMAs.
The elastic strains, εhkl, in particularly oriented grains, called lattice strains further on, are evaluated from the diffraction measured deviations of dhkl-lattice spacings (Eq. 1).
Diffraction patterns (b) are recorded during numbered stopovers (a) along the compression test.
Summary Advanced in-situ experimental methods and approaches applicable to martensitic transformations in SMAs appear in ever increasing number every year in the literature.

In this study, a sample of fine-grained ZrB2 ceramics was investigated under dynamic compression and tension.
The RVE size is established such that it contains a number of voids and crystalline grains providing equal values of statistically averaged physical-mechanical property.
Effective size of fractured cells fractal cluster was calculated by the formula: , (12) where M is a total number of cells in RVE, xki is coordinates of boundaries. . (13) As criterion of RVE fracture corresponded to full loss of the shear strength is (14) where is the minimum number of cells in a probable fracture surface in RVE, j is component of normal vector to fracture surface.
Average value of D calculated by formula , (15) where n is a number of damaged material particles in RVE.
A decrease of the shear strength can be caused by nano-voids in vicinity of triple junctions between ceramic matrix grains and ultrafine-grained ceramics.

This material was then abandoned for a number of years due to the production of hydrogen gas at the site of implantation in vivo [17].
A number of mitigation measures have been proposed for the purpose of increasing corrosion rates.
In this scenario, a number of reactions take place which produce iron hydroxide species [22, 25, 29, 37, 38].
However authors also comment that with silver a secondary mechanism may be aiding in increasing the corrosion current namely; the segregation of silver at grain boundaries which limits grain growth [42].
Davies, "Revealing the relationship between grain size and corrosion rate of metals," Scripta Materialia, vol. 63, pp. 1201-1204, 2010

Y1-xGdxBa2Cu3O7-y film with the thickness about 700 nm was found composed of c-axis oriented grains and large numbers of randomly oriented precipitates, such as (Y,Gd)2Cu2O5, CuO and BaZrO3.
Large numbers of industrial applications composed of REBCO coated conductors (CCs) are therefore expected, such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), power cables, motor and a transformer [2-7].
So far, large numbers of two-dimensional microstructural and analytical characterization of pinning centers have been carried out to seek the relationship between the pinning centers and the physical properties, but they were not successful due to the lack of information in the third dimension.
In addition, a large number of defects and precipitates, typical ones pointed by arrows and circles, were seen within the YGdBCO film with 680 nm thickness.
Additional three-dimensional information such as volume fraction, number densities, nearest-neighbor distances between particles and particle size, could also be achieved, as listed in table1.

Glassfibre reinforced concrete (GRC) is a close-grained concrete material reinforced with glass fibres that allows architects complete freedom in designing rear-ventilated façades.
Fine-grained particles in the composite structure ensure low water absorbency and high frost resistance.
The advantages of large-format façade components include the variability of shapes with a reduced number of joints and rapid assembly.
Such GRC panels use a lower number of anchors than is necessary when assembling regular aluminium grids.
The components can be attached using a significantly lower number of workers than during hand-assembly of differently-anchored panels.

Surface morphology of the treated fibres were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which revealed that AgCl grain size became bigger and denser as increased processing time and voltage.
(1) (2) (3) where is the universal gas constant , is the absolute temperature, is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the cell reaction, is the Faraday constant, the number of coulombs per mole of electrons , and are ionic concentration of reductant and oxidant species.
The AgCl particle was uniformly distributed on fibre surface and the grain size became bigger and denser as increased processing voltage (a-f) and time (g-l).

Physical strength is depended on the extent of damage of the immobilized beads by respectively placing six grains, three types immobilized beads into injector and pushing injector.
The COD removal rate of oil wastewater is the main index, mass transfer performance and physical strength of grains are assistant index.
Porosity and its excellent adsorption performance can provide a good environment for large number of immobilized microorganism attachment and breeding, but activated sludge has also the characteristics of the attached growth [4].
Acknowledgement We acknowledge financial support from Heilongjiang Education Department under contract number：11531073.

The dissolution of grain boundaries releases ceramic grains which are then dissolved in the low pH compartment of the cells.
At three weeks, the number of cells showing a galactosidase activity was comparable to the previous period.
By three weeks, all the samples appeared uniformly blue indicating that a great number of cells expressed the galactosidase gene.