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Network preform can bear the load during wear process, in addition the preform is multihole structure, and the metal matrix aluminum alloy infiltrated into preform easily under low pressure of manufacture procedure.
Cu Si Mg Fe Mn Ni Ti Cr Contents 0.99 12.2 1.05 0.38 0.12 1.02 0.06 0.04 Microstructural and hardness analysis In this study, microstructure of Ni-Cr/AC8A composites was observed by optical microscope (Olympus BX60M), the revealed structures were also studied through element analysis and quantitative analysis using XRD and EPMA.
[2] C.T.Liu, Recent advances in ordered intermetallics, Materials Chemistry and Physics 42(1995), pp.77–86

Effect of TiC content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti3AlC2/Al2O3 in situ composites synthesized by hot pressing Lan Ye a and Jianfeng Zhu b Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China alanye0508@163.com, bzhujf@sust.edu.cn Keywords: Ti3AlC2; Al2O3; in-situ reaction; microstructure; mechanical properties Abstract.
With decreasing TiC content in the starting powders, the amount of remaining TiC decreases obviously, and the laminated structure of matrix is well crystallized (Fig. 2(b)).
Combined with the XRD results, the decrease of hardness of the sample with 80% TiC content is attributed to the loose structure and the local agglomeration of TiC.

However, the foaming process of PP is difficult to be controlled due to its linear structure induced inherent low melt strength[2], which makes the cell walls not strong enough to bear the extensional force during the cell growth process.
Hsu, Effects of silica particle size on the structure and properties of polypropylene/silica composites foams [J].
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2013, 19(4): 1377-1383

Processing of crumb rubber by the method of high-temperature shear-induced grinding (HTSG) [2, 3] so rearranges the structure of rubber particles that they decay very quickly in hot bitumen and structure it at the micro and nanoscale.
Krasotkina, et cet., Development and Properties of New Nanomodifiers for Road Pavement, Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 8 (2014) 577-583

Different nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide, zeolite, carbon nanotube and silica had been added to membrane structure for improving the properties of FO membrane such as pure water flux and anti-fouling[4-8].
And it has a slightly increase as the coagulation bath temperature increases from 80 ℃ to 90 ℃, this may be owing to the change of membrane structure caused by high temperature.
Acknowledge This work was financially supported by the National Science-Technology Support Plan Projects (2014BAK13B02), Shandong Science and Technology Development Plan (2012SGGX10220), National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2011BL009, ZR2015BL021), Funds of Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jinan Science and Technology Development Plan(201303066).

Researchers are treasuring these nanotube clays because of their high surface area to volume ratio [1], low surface charge [2] and unique outer-inner surface chemistry (Fig 1) [3].
Figure 1 Structure of a halloysite nanotube [14] Presently, medical and pharmaceutical industries are searching for new biocompatible materials with desired mechanical properties.
This is contributed by the good interaction between the nanotubes with the crosslinked structure of the CR that leads to effective load transfer.

Study on immobilization of tannase Shunrong He1,2,a,Xinying Wu1,2,b ,Shuyi Qiu1,2,3,c .Xing Huang1,2,d,Fuli Li1,2,e and Jiying Feng1,2,f 1Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy,China 2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University,Guiyang,China 3the corresponding author a1154181754@qq.com, bwxy200611@yahoo.com.cn, csyqiu@gzu.edu.cn, d1255571587@qq.com,e1051562334@qq.com.f490532493@qq.com Keywords: Tannase,Immobilization,Glutaraldehyde,Cross-linking.
Fig.2 Effect of the re cross-linking concentration of glutaraldehyde on the recovery rate Fig.1 Effect of the pre cross-linking concentration of glutaraldehyde on the recovery rate Effect of the cross-linking time on the recovery rate.For the pre cross-linking , the recovery rate reaches maximum at 2.0h, then decreased gradually,but for the re cross-linking,the maximum of the recovery rate was obtained at 1.0h.The complete of cross-linking was mainly influenced by the cross-linking time,but the structure of enzyme molecule was affected if the cross-linking time is long.This is observed in Fig.3.
Fig.3 Effect of the cross-linking time on the recovery rate Effect of the cross-linking temperature on the recovery rate.The cross-linking temperature plays a vital role in the process of immobilization,the covalent bond formated was affected by the temperature,at low temperature, the covalent bond was’t formated completely,but when the temperature was high, the enzyme active center was hided by the network frame structure which is formed,it was observed from Fig.4.

Holmestad5,h 1 Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan 2 Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan 3 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan 4 Department of Synthesis and Properties, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway 5 Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway a matsuda@eng.u-toyama.ac.jp, b ikenolab@eng.u-toyama.ac.jp, c kawabata@eng.u-toyama.ac.jp, d ikeno@eng.u-toyama.ac.jp, e sato@mtl.titech.ac.jp, f Calin.D.Marioara@sintef.no, g Sigmund.J.Andersen@sintef.no, h randi.holmestad@ntnu.no Keywords: Aluminum-Magnesium-Silicon alloy, aging, precipitation, Ag/Cu addition, HRTEM.
ssss → G.P.zone → parallelogram, ( b” ) → b’→ b (2) ssss → G.P.zone → parallelogram, b” → b’, Type-A, Type-B, Type-C → b, Si (3) We also reported the effect of Ag or Cu addition on the improvement of microstructure, such as the change of the precipitation sequence, crystal structure, and enhancement of number density [6].
This precipitate has structure of β'-phase in ex.Mg-Ag alloy, while becomes the precursor of Q’-phase in Cu addition alloy.

Since both the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions carried out in ionic liquids are different to those in conventional molecular solvents, then the chemistry is different and unpredictable at our current state of knowledge.
The structure of [Emim]+, AlCl3 and Cl- in simulations are shown in Fig.1.
Fig. 1 The structure of (a)-[Emim]+, (b)-AlCl3 and (c)-Cl- in MD simulations The simulation works are performed by MDynaMix software with a version 4.3 [7], which consist two steps.

Following this process scheme, 1 µm deep vertical bowls with circular shapes and different diameters have been etched into the top surface using fluoride chemistry Inductively Coupled Plasma.
Current-voltage (I-V) measurements on P/N structures have been performed with a “Signatone S1160” probe station and a “Keithley 2410” Source Measure Unit (SMU).
Electrical characterization Typical I-V characteristics measured on the VLS P/N structures are presented in Fig. 3.