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India is a major producer of food grains, sugar, milk, vegetables, fruits, pulses, and tea, among other commodities.
Sugar, Pulses, Food Grains and Edible Oil Food grains, sugar storage and edible oil packaging present a difficult task.
BIS standards for plastic woven sacks for sugar IS: 14968: 2001 and food grain IS 14887:2000 and packaging have been developed in India.
The suitability of polypropylene PP Woven Sacks for the long-term storage of food grains and sugar has been established by a number of studies and field trials carried out in food storage godowns and laboratories.
Specifically, codes 1 to 6 denote packaging crafted from a particular type of plastic, while code number 7 encompasses a general category encompassing all other or miscellaneous plastics.

CNTs are being used in number of applications to improve the mechanical properties of ceramics [11-14].
This comparison is made because 1%CNT composite shows a decrease in hardness at 4 hours due to grain growth an posses a maximum harness on sintering for two hors.
Then on increasing CNT contents further to 2% the hardness values are less because if CNTs are added in more quantity then it retards grain diffusion hence making it more difficult to attain a compact surface.
But the trend in 2% CNT is continuously increasing so it will cross over all the hardness value at greater sintering time i.e. for 6 hours (extrapolating curves) and highest value of hardness will be obtained, and then off course trend will decrease to lower value of hardness due to excessive grain growth.
Hardness also increases with sintering time due to increase in its density up to certain limit then starts decreasing because after that grain growth will start to occur.

The concentration of Fe impurities is found to be from 1011 to 1017 Fe/cm3, and their distribution depends strongly on the defects such as vacancies, dislocations and grain boundaries in the silicon matrix.
In the mc-Si matrix, the distribution of Fe impurities must be strongly correlated with the defects such as vacancies, dislocations and grain boundaries.
The mapping intensity of the MS image depends not only on the numbers of 57Fe, but also on the Mössbauer spectral components.
It should be noted that the Fe impurities distribute not only along the grain boundaries, but also in the grain matrix.
The Fe mapping images show that the Fe impurities distribute differently in different grains.

A recent study on multipass FSP of 6082 Aluminium indicated that the increase the number of passes from one to three with 100% overlapping resulted in large Stirring Zone (SZ) size but more dissolution of Harding phase [1].
The effectiveness of multiple passes in creating large areas of super plastics material of 7075 Al with insignificant microstructural difference, having grain size in the range of 3.6-5.4 was demonstrated by Johannes and Mishra [5].
Similar grain refinement in the microstructure of 7075 Al produced by multipass FSP and indicated that two-pass FSP samples of 50% overlap have greater super plasticity then single-pass FSP samples are also shown [6].
By the addition of SiC particles, the above said problem has been overcome and the mechanical properties were improved by retarding the grain growth in the materials.
§ The deviation in the values at minimal range shows that added SiC particles had suppressed the grain growth and helped to retain the properties in both as-weld and annealed conditions

The structure of the powder contains very fine grains, supersaturated solid solutions and stable or metastable crystalline or quasi-crystalline intermetallic phases.
The chemical formula of this phase in the JCPDS database is Al17(Fe3.2Mn0.8)Si2 (card number 71-4015 [12]).
In the Al–23Si–8Fe–5Mn alloy, the Hall-Petch contribution due to the fine α-Al grains is responsible for the strengthening.
In contrast, the casting Al-12Si-1Cu-1Mg-1Ni alloy contains large grains and eutectic silicon; and the dominant strengthening mechanism is precipitation strengthening by the semi-coherent Al2CuMgNi phase [13].
During the first few hours of annealing at 400°C the hardness of the Al-12Si-1Cu-1Mg-1Ni alloy rapidly decreases due to the growth of precipitates, grain coarsening and coarsening of silicon particles.

When the forming rate of nuclei became faster than its growth rate, it was prone to yield many tiny particles, leading to large number of nuclei.
Close inspection of the XRD patterns revealed the presence of anatase titania grains, which gradually grew perfect with the increasing temperature.
This peak indicates adhesion or type change among crystal grains related to incomplete or unstable crystal structures as well as the wide interplanar spacing in newly prepared TiO2.
The grain size, morphology, crystal structure and crystal transformation of nano titanium dioxide were characterized using TEM, XRD, and DTA-TG.
The results revealed that: the production rate of nano-TiO2: increased with the increase of the reaction temperature, the molar ratio of reactants, and the reaction time and decreased with increasing concentration of reactants; the grain size of TiO2 increased with the increase of the concentration of the reactants, calcination temperature and time.

In the mean while, China’s forest resources are inadequate, according to the seventh national forest resource inventory recording, the forest area is 195.5 million hectare, but each person only process 0.145 hm2, less than 1/4 of the average number of the world and per capita forest stocking volume is only 1/7 of the world average [2].
Table 3 Average mechanical properties classification of each wood species Properties Unit First Category Second Category Third Category Fourth Category Modulus of rupture MPa 5803 5121 7277 9023 Bending strength MPa 89.5 73.2 117.5 115.6 Compression strength parallel to the grain MPa 47.9 42.8 60.6 66.5 Shear strength parallel to the grain in radial direction MPa 13.4 9.4 17.7 17.7 Shear strength parallel to the grain in tangential direction MPa 13.9 9.6 18.2 18.3 Hardness in cross direction N 7048 4804 9750 11229 Hardness in tangential direction N 6329 4059 9391 11801 Hardness in radial direction N 6237 4147 9995 13109 Forty kinds of wood species were devided into 4 categories according to their physical properties based on clustering analysis.
FORESTRY ECONOMICS, Vol. 2 (2010), p. 66-72 [3] LU Jin-fei1, JIN Sheng, Study on Contribution of Timber Processing and Furniture Manufacturing to Regional Economy of Zhejiang Province. vol. 2 (2007), p. 103~ 107 [4] GB/T 1927-1991 Method of sample tree collection for physical and mechanical test of wood [S] [5] GB/T 1933-2009 Method for determination of the density of wood[S] [6] GB/T 1932-1991 Method for determination of the shrinkage of wood [S] [7] GB/T 1936.2-2009 Method for determination of the modulus of elasticity in static bending of wood [S] [8] GB/T 1936.1-2009 Method of testing in bending strength of wood [S] [9] GB/T 1935-2009 Method of testing in compressive strength parallel to grain of wood [S] [10] GB/T 1937-2009 Method of testing in shearing strength parallel to grain of wood [S] [11] GB/T 1941-2009 Method of testing in hardness of wood [S] [12] Bao Fucheng, Jiang Zehui, Wood properties of main tree species from plantation in China [M].

Because the diffraction spots from individual grains were visible in the diffraction ring, the sample was rotated during measurement in order to increase a number of diffracting grains in the irradiated gauge volume and improve averaging of the measured lattice strains.
Oliver, Investigation of deformation twinning in a fine-grained and coarse-grained ZM20 Mg alloy: Combined in situ neutron diffraction and acoustic emission.
Louchet, Dislocation avalanches: Role of temperature, grain size and strain hardening, Acta Mater. 53 (2005) 4463-4471

Basically at this stage, the particles are coalesced (including grain and pore growth) by solid state diffusion.
At the same time, grain growth and densification occurs simultaneously [2].
The diffusion process that occurs during sintering will lead to the interaction between pores and grain boundaries.
This finally leads to the movement of grain growth, development of dense grain structure and formation of bonds.
Furthermore, rice husk ash particles increased the packing of the solid materials by filling the space in between the particles and reduce the number of large pores.

The increase in water demand can be compensated by using a spherical aggregate having a smooth surface and closed porosity, in this case, the aggregate grains will work as a kind of “hinges”.
From the above-mentioned, we can formulate the basic requirements for the “ideal” aggregate for lightweight concrete: - fine fractional composition; - chemical activity in relation to cement binder; - grain shape - representing a hollow sphere, with a smooth shiny surface; - the aggregate should have an amorphous, glassy structure.
Physical and mechanical characteristics of microspheres Index Dimension Value True shell density kg/m3 2490-2500 Grain density kg/m3 580 Bulk density kg/m3 380-410 Grain diameter mkm 20-200 Sphere shell thickness mkm 2-15 Voidness % 28-30 Water demand % 50 Thermal conductivity coefficient W/(m0K) 0.11-0.125 Strength (hydrostatic) MPa 12.5-20.8 Ultimate compressive strength (in cylinder) MPa 1.8 Using ash microspheres of Novocherkasskaya TPP, a number of experimental studies with the aim of obtaining effective structural and heat-insulating light concrete in a wide range of density and strength have been carried out.
Maltsev, Fine-grained structural and heat-insulating lightweight concrete on aggregate of ash microspheres, Scientific Review. 20 (2015) 120-123