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Experimental In this work, copper as compact samples with different volume structure and copper powders were used.
Notes: a) el – electrolytic Cu with a coarse-grained 10–20 µm structure, mc – a fine-grained 2–3 µm structure, smc – a submicrocrystalline ~0.25 µm structure, b) mf – a micron-sized 2–4 µm particle fraction, ip – the initial non-fractioned powder, smf – a submicron 0.7–1 µm particle fraction; the temperatures and specific heats of fusion are indicated in the figure.
Obviously, the structure of the metal itself should not affect the parameters of the melting process.
It should be noted that, in physical chemistry of nanoparticles, the linear dependences of some thermodynamic properties (Tm, DfusH, etc.) on the reciprocal particle radius (diameter) are often used as criteria for theoretical explanation of the presence of the size effects in the experimental results [3, 6, 8, 9].
[17] CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 82nd Edition (Ed.

The structure was characterized by TEM, EDAX and XPS.
Ye: Journal of Physical Chemistry C Vol. 111 (2007), P. 8463 [6] M.
Kinyanjui: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Vol. 593 (2006), P. 203 [16] M.
Lee: Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Chemistry Vol. 45 (2007), P. 5741 [20] A.
Wang: Journal of Polymer Science Part a-Polymer Chemistry Vol. 48 (2010), P. 3903

Efforts to develop ignition resistant magnesium alloys through modification of their chemistry are described with a particular role of rare earths and other elements with high affinity to oxygen.
To determine the protective properties of barrier layers affected by the atmosphere chemistry, similarly as for solid-state reactions, the Pilling-Bedworth (P-B) ratio is used.
In an absence of the protective atmosphere, ignition occurs and the combustion product contains not only MgO but also other compounds depending on the alloy chemistry (Fig. 2 right, b, d).
Although modification of alloy chemistry with Ca reduced oxidation, it also modified the alloy properties.
Development of ignition resistant alloys By modifying substrate composition the integrity and structure of oxide layers is changed to form a dense and protective surface scale after exposures to an open flame or another heat source.

Both MIP(ACR) and NIP (ACR) have similar IR spectra indicating similarity in the backbone structure.
The cavities in the MIP were probably caused by the structure of the target molecule (oxalic acid) [20].
[2]Haupt, K., Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 75(2003), p. 376
[9] Blanco-Lopez, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 23(2004), 36–48
[15]Menache R, Clinical Chemistry Vol. 20(1974), p. 1444 [16] Powers, H.

The structures of all synthetic molecules were identified by 1H, 13C, 19F NMR and HRMS.
Discussion The findings from the Table 1 indicated the relationship between the chemical structure and anti-tyrosinase activity.
Namasivayam, Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors, J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 32 (2017) 403-425
Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry of fluorine. first ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey,2008
Westwell, The role of fluorine in medicinal chemistry, J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 22 (2007) 527-540.

Synthesis procedure strongly affects hybrids structure: the silica phase mean diameter changes from 500 nm (T03) to about 50 nm when the coupling hybrid monomer is employed (AT03).
Brinker and Sherer W (1990) Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing.
Preprints (ACS, Division of Polymer Chemistry) Vol.41(1) (2000), p.502
Preprints (ACS, Division of Polymer Chemistry) Vol 32(3) (1991), p. 503
Whitecar: Polymer Preprints (ACS, Division of Polymer Chemistry) Vol. 32(3) (1991), p. 503

This work was instigated by the fact that sol-gel chemistry provides a relatively simple way to incorporate recognition species in a stable host green environment.
Natural protein nanotubes (PNTs) containing lattice nanohybrids are hydrophilic character in nature and thus soluble in water, which do not limit their application in biomedical and medicinal chemistry so as to avoid their aggregation and to facilitate their use in clinical applications.
This work was instigated by the fact that nonhydrolytic sol-gel chemistry provides a relatively simple way to incorporate recognition species in a stable host environment [4].
In this new strategy which represent a low cost example of bottom-up assembly, chemistry is entering the field of nanoscale science, which was originally physics-oriented.
In 2009-2010, our team could improve and pave a magic way to the wonderful pictures of nano-bio structures by emphasizing on sol-gel and enzymatic methods and the power of arranging effective nanofluids [8-10].

Results and discussion Structure analysis.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(30): 11527-11531
Inorganic chemistry, 2014, 53(18): 9498-9508
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2011, 184(4): 843-847
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011, 21(5): 1387-1394

For the multi-level requirements of modern paper production facing "material saving, energy saving, emission reduction, improve quality" , we have developed a system of wet end chemistry for cleaner paper making ,specially, being characterized that it is not a single agent, but a system.
The "three coordinated quadruple wet chemical reaction principle " of WEC aid system was described as follows: (1) adding an inorganic aluminum salt in the pulp suspension of negatively charged pulp slurry as preliminary adjustments ,and forming a some initial fine floc, the first stage of wet end chemistry was completed; (2) WEC01 was added , the charge component of the pulp fibers and fines being adjusted balanced again , and leading to the formation of a large number of fine loose flocs , due to special design particle mask table structure of WEC01, and the special fiber suspension colloid adsorption , the second stage of wet chemical reaction is completed; (3) WEC02, WEC02A,and WEC03S were added, the balance of adsorption and desorption of micro-particles of rosin, and that of flocculation and deflocculation between fibers were adjusted with relatively high level, leading to the formation of large, rich rosin particles, with " re- aggregation " of micro-flocs , completion of the third
phase of the wet chemistry reaction; (4) WEC03, and WEC03A were added to to form a uniform network structure by long chain mini SS "bridging effect" of the above large number of small flocs being connected together, greatly increasing the strength of the above flocs, and thus greatly reducing the destroying effect of fluid shear on the flocs during dewatering and formation, leading to a better retention of fines and colloidal particles, the fourth stage of the wet end chemistry of the papermaking were completed. 1.2 Effect of WEC additives In general speaking, the utilization of WEC paper chemicals bring about some improvements showed as follows: ① improve the strength of the product, such as, folding endurance, ring crush strength, bursting strength and interlaminar bond strength; ② cleaning production systems, cycle for cleaning was extended for another days more than 30%; ③ the number of pulp blocks and brokes were reduced by 30%; ④ drying steam saved by 5% --- 10%; ⑤ coating color
Density (g/cm3) Burst index (KPa.m2/g) Folding endurance (times) Ring crush index (Nm/g) Ash content (%) A-3 0.45 1.45 4 3.91 6.76% B-3 0.45 1.55 6 3.87 7.01% C-3 0.45 1.58 6 5.16 7.71% D-3 0.44 1.50 7 5.10 6.89% E-3 0.45 1.53 7 5.32 7.32% F-3 0.45 1.40 5 4.58 7.58% G-3 0.45 1.75 6 5.77 7.93% H-3 0.46 1.51 6 5.04 8.56% I-3 0.47 1.54 7 5.47 8.51% J-3 0.46 1.62 6 5.20 8.47% 2.2 the influence of composite addition with WEC serials on the quality improvement of three layers composite structure of linerboard The strengthening experiment of three layers composite structure of linerboard by the use of WEC chemicals serials were conducted in this paper.
(3)in terms of three layers composite structure of linerboard, the optimum furnish was experiment E-4 with the dosage of 0.3% WEC03S + 0.1% WEC02 +0.04% WEC02A for cover layer , that of 0.3% WEC02 + 0.03% WEC02A for bottom layer , and that of 0.03% WEC02A for core layer , leading to the increase of burst index by 10.0% or so, that of folding endurance by 66.7% , that of inter-layer binding strength by 30.8% and that of ring crush index increase by 9.7% .

Ganesha No. 10 Bandung, Indonesia. 2Department of Educational Chemistry, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati, Jl.
The use of conducting polymers produces many modern developments in the analytical chemistry.
Nowadays, polypyrrole (PPy) as a conducting polymer has been extensively studied and its monomeric structure is shown in Fig. 1.
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 2004, 4 (2), 117 – 124 [2] Genies, E.M., Bidan, G., and Diaz, A.F., 1983, J.
The Royal Society of Chemistry, 29, 283-293 [6] Vlasov, YUG (1992).