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Online since: November 2016
Authors: Anatoly G. Svyazhin, Ludmila M. Kaputkina, Inga V. Smarygina
. %]
С
Cr
Ni
Mn
Mo
S
P
Al
N
1
Cr18Ni10**
<0,08
17,0–19,0
9,0–11,0
<2,0
–
<0,020
<0,035
–
–
2
Cr18Ni10Тi
0,10
17,7
9,5
1,19
0,10
0,007
0,027
0,11
<0,01
3
Cr18Ni10N
(N=0,135 %)
0,05
18,0
10,3
1,04
–
0,015
0,023
0,10
0,135
4
Cr18Ni10N
(N=0,186 %)
0,05
18,1
9,6
0,82
<0,10
0,018
0,025
0,12
0,186
5
Cr18Ni10N
(impurity free,
N=0,220 %)
0,007
19,1
9,3
1,42
0,012
0,004
0,002
0,035
0,220
6
Cr18Ni5Mn9Мo2N
0,06
16,8
4,5
9,1
2,25
0,011
0,007
0,035
0,240
7
Cr19Ni6Mn10Мo2N
0,09
18,7
6,1
10,1
1,7
0.005
0,011
0.005
0,311
* – other Fe, wt. %;
** – GOST 5632-72, AISI 304 requirements
The composition 1 in the table 2 is given for comparison with GOST.
Steel Тtest, [°С] HV, [МPа] UTS, [МPа] YS, [МPа] El/ElU*, [%] y, [%] KCU (KCV), [MJ/m2] MS, [°С] 2 Cr18Ni10Тi +20 210 514 231 47 51 (2,2) 23 3 Cr18Ni10N (N=0,135 %) +20 258 527 316 29 63 (2,2) -14 4 Cr18Ni10N (N=0,186 %) +20 241 714 354 25 67 (1,7) -7 5 Cr18Ni10N (impurity free, N=0,220 %) +20 240 748 399 63/44 84 3,9 -15 -163 - 1065 645 39/31 78 2,5 6 Cr18Ni5Mn9Мo2N +20 255 835 543 50/40 72 2,6 -126 -163 - 1158 842 26/17 70 1,4 7 Cr19Ni6Mn10Мo2N +20 298 926 691 33 62 - - * – ElU- uniform elongation, El- total elongation.
In uniform strain region which equals to ~20 % the steel remained non-magnetic austenitic steel, and only after fracture strain point (El=26 %) a small amount of ferromagnetic phase was discovered in necking region only, using magnetic method (Table 4).
On the one hand, at -163 °С steels have rather high ductility: El=26 %, ψ= 70 % for stable austenitic steel Cr18Ni5Mn9Мo2N (6) and El=39 %, ψ=78 % for steel Cr18Ni10N (5) – due to trip-effect.
Steel Тtest, [°С] HV, [МPа] UTS, [МPа] YS, [МPа] El/ElU*, [%] y, [%] KCU (KCV), [MJ/m2] MS, [°С] 2 Cr18Ni10Тi +20 210 514 231 47 51 (2,2) 23 3 Cr18Ni10N (N=0,135 %) +20 258 527 316 29 63 (2,2) -14 4 Cr18Ni10N (N=0,186 %) +20 241 714 354 25 67 (1,7) -7 5 Cr18Ni10N (impurity free, N=0,220 %) +20 240 748 399 63/44 84 3,9 -15 -163 - 1065 645 39/31 78 2,5 6 Cr18Ni5Mn9Мo2N +20 255 835 543 50/40 72 2,6 -126 -163 - 1158 842 26/17 70 1,4 7 Cr19Ni6Mn10Мo2N +20 298 926 691 33 62 - - * – ElU- uniform elongation, El- total elongation.
In uniform strain region which equals to ~20 % the steel remained non-magnetic austenitic steel, and only after fracture strain point (El=26 %) a small amount of ferromagnetic phase was discovered in necking region only, using magnetic method (Table 4).
On the one hand, at -163 °С steels have rather high ductility: El=26 %, ψ= 70 % for stable austenitic steel Cr18Ni5Mn9Мo2N (6) and El=39 %, ψ=78 % for steel Cr18Ni10N (5) – due to trip-effect.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Peter Walker, Hector Fabio Archila-Santos, Martin Philip Ansell
The negative influence on the mechanical properties of bamboo due to removal of the outer skin as well as the considerable material wasted as a result has been reported by Nakajima et al. [4] and Tanaka et al
Cherdchim et al. [12] studied the thermal softening of black-sweet bamboo culms in linseed oil and produced flat sheets after applying load.
ʋLT = ƐT / ƐL (3) Poisson’s ratio in the LT plane caused by a load applied in XL (tangential Poisson’s ratio). 3.
ƐL ƐT ƐR b) a) Figure 9.
Results for MOE longitudinal to the direction of the fibres (EL) show an increase of almost 200% compared to the value of the control sample.
Cherdchim et al. [12] studied the thermal softening of black-sweet bamboo culms in linseed oil and produced flat sheets after applying load.
ʋLT = ƐT / ƐL (3) Poisson’s ratio in the LT plane caused by a load applied in XL (tangential Poisson’s ratio). 3.
ƐL ƐT ƐR b) a) Figure 9.
Results for MOE longitudinal to the direction of the fibres (EL) show an increase of almost 200% compared to the value of the control sample.
Online since: May 2009
Authors: A.L. Morales, M.A. Márquez, E.R. Mejía, J.D. Ospina
Márquez3,c and A.L.
All experiments were carried out with natural chalcopyrite sample, from "La Chorrera" Mine, El Limón, Antioquia, Colombia.
The strains, from "El Zancudo" gold mine (Titiribí, Antioquia), were isolated in the Biomineralogy Laboratory, National University of Colombia, Medellín.
Al-Harahsheh, S.
All experiments were carried out with natural chalcopyrite sample, from "La Chorrera" Mine, El Limón, Antioquia, Colombia.
The strains, from "El Zancudo" gold mine (Titiribí, Antioquia), were isolated in the Biomineralogy Laboratory, National University of Colombia, Medellín.
Al-Harahsheh, S.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Mohd Noor Ervina Efzan, H.J. Kong, C.K. Kok
Review: Effect of Alloying Element on Al-Si Alloys
M.N.
Introduction Al-Si cast alloys contribute to 85-90 % of aluminium (Al) casting products.
Fe is a deleterious impurity presence in Al-Si alloys as it dissolves readily in Al and forms brittle intermetallics.
In Al-Si9 Cu X series, increasing Cu level (from 0 to 4 wt. %) in Al-Si9 Cu X series leads to increasing YS and hardness.
Seifeddine et al. [4] noted that the strength of the Mn added Al- 9% Si increases gradually with an expense on ductility.
Introduction Al-Si cast alloys contribute to 85-90 % of aluminium (Al) casting products.
Fe is a deleterious impurity presence in Al-Si alloys as it dissolves readily in Al and forms brittle intermetallics.
In Al-Si9 Cu X series, increasing Cu level (from 0 to 4 wt. %) in Al-Si9 Cu X series leads to increasing YS and hardness.
Seifeddine et al. [4] noted that the strength of the Mn added Al- 9% Si increases gradually with an expense on ductility.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Ulrich Pont, Kristina Kiesel, Ardeshir Mahdavi
Hausladen et al. [1] performed a detailed analysis on current evaluation tools and methods.
Gratzl-Michlmair et al. [3] surveyed several hundred architects.
Mahdavi and El-Bellahy [5] and Pont et al. [6] investigated architectural competitions for school buildings in Weyer and in St.
El-Bellahy, Effort and effectiveness considerations in computational design evaluation: a case study, Building and Environment 40 (2005) [6] U.
Gratzl-Michlmair et al. [3] surveyed several hundred architects.
Mahdavi and El-Bellahy [5] and Pont et al. [6] investigated architectural competitions for school buildings in Weyer and in St.
El-Bellahy, Effort and effectiveness considerations in computational design evaluation: a case study, Building and Environment 40 (2005) [6] U.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Su Juan Yao, Sheng Yang, W.X. Li, Dan Qing Yi
Ifeanyi Anthony Anyanwu el al
concluded that in the peak aged Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys, β'' and β' phases coexist and both
precipitates contribute to age hardening [7].
3.3 tensile properties of extruded specimens
Figure 4 shows the tensile properties and elongation of
the investigated extruded alloys aged at 225°C.
Fig. 2 aging kinetics of the investigated 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Vickers Hardness (HV 49N) Aging Time, t/h 200℃ 225℃ 250℃ Fig. 3 bright field micrograph of extruded sample aged at 225°C for 24h 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 250 300 350 400 t ensi l e st r ent h, σ , MPa temper at ur e, T/ ℃ 0 4 8 12 16 20 1 El ongat i on, ( %) Fig. 3 Tensile properties and elongations as a function of temperature 4 Conclusions (1) Aging treatment can harden the Mg-9Gd-3Y-0.3Zr extruded alloys markedly at a temperature rang from 200-250°C, but the alloy have greater response to aging at 200-225°C than at 250°C. the aging response almost same as at 200°C and 225°C, but the time to peak-aged at 225°C is shorter than that at 200°C
References [1] Kentaro Yannada, Yoshiyuki Okubo, Masashi Shiono et al.
Vol. 203(2006), p.466 [5] Bohumil smola, Ivana Stulífová, Jitka Pelcová, et al.
Fig. 2 aging kinetics of the investigated 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Vickers Hardness (HV 49N) Aging Time, t/h 200℃ 225℃ 250℃ Fig. 3 bright field micrograph of extruded sample aged at 225°C for 24h 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 250 300 350 400 t ensi l e st r ent h, σ , MPa temper at ur e, T/ ℃ 0 4 8 12 16 20 1 El ongat i on, ( %) Fig. 3 Tensile properties and elongations as a function of temperature 4 Conclusions (1) Aging treatment can harden the Mg-9Gd-3Y-0.3Zr extruded alloys markedly at a temperature rang from 200-250°C, but the alloy have greater response to aging at 200-225°C than at 250°C. the aging response almost same as at 200°C and 225°C, but the time to peak-aged at 225°C is shorter than that at 200°C
References [1] Kentaro Yannada, Yoshiyuki Okubo, Masashi Shiono et al.
Vol. 203(2006), p.466 [5] Bohumil smola, Ivana Stulífová, Jitka Pelcová, et al.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Quan Jiang, Hua Jing Zheng, Shi Jun Cheng, Gang Yang
Device characteristics
Fig. 5 describes tricolor EL spectrum.
[4] Sun Woong Kim, Byong Hoon Hwang, Joo Hyeon Lee, et. al, “2.4-in. monochrome small molecular OLED display for mobile application”, Current Applied Physics, 335–338, 2002(2)
Ikestu, J.Suzuki, “Full-color passive-matrix organic EL displays”, Display, 43-47, 2001
[9] Hirofumi Kubota, Satoshi Miyaguchi, Shinichi Ishizuka, Takeo Wakimoto, et. al, “Organic LED full color passive-matrix display”, Journal of Luminescence, 56–60, 2000
Kusumoto, “Organic multicolor EL display with fine pixels”, in Dig.
[4] Sun Woong Kim, Byong Hoon Hwang, Joo Hyeon Lee, et. al, “2.4-in. monochrome small molecular OLED display for mobile application”, Current Applied Physics, 335–338, 2002(2)
Ikestu, J.Suzuki, “Full-color passive-matrix organic EL displays”, Display, 43-47, 2001
[9] Hirofumi Kubota, Satoshi Miyaguchi, Shinichi Ishizuka, Takeo Wakimoto, et. al, “Organic LED full color passive-matrix display”, Journal of Luminescence, 56–60, 2000
Kusumoto, “Organic multicolor EL display with fine pixels”, in Dig.
Online since: April 2018
Authors: Ionela Gabriela Bucşe, Elena Adriana Voinea, Oana Gîngu, Petre Rotaru, Nicoleta Cioatera
These experimental results confirm the development of the processes described by Seo [21] and El Briak-Ben Abdeslam [22].
Morphological aspects of MM-ed HAP powder particles: c) after 10 hours Chemical composition Our research confirms the mechanisms of wet MM set by El Briak-Ben Abdeslam et al. [22]: the liquid presence in the milling vial “cleans” the interface between the milling balls during the mutual collision and thus, the contamination phenomenon occurs.
El Briak-BenAbdeslam, C.
El Briak-BenAbdeslam, M.P.
Stoica, Optimizing the parameters for in situ fabrication of hybrid Al-Al2O3 composites, J.
Morphological aspects of MM-ed HAP powder particles: c) after 10 hours Chemical composition Our research confirms the mechanisms of wet MM set by El Briak-Ben Abdeslam et al. [22]: the liquid presence in the milling vial “cleans” the interface between the milling balls during the mutual collision and thus, the contamination phenomenon occurs.
El Briak-BenAbdeslam, C.
El Briak-BenAbdeslam, M.P.
Stoica, Optimizing the parameters for in situ fabrication of hybrid Al-Al2O3 composites, J.