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Introduction In fact, fiber Bragg grating makes use of photosensitivity property of optical fiber material to form space phase grating in the center of the fiber.
Fig. 2 Fiber Bragg grating spectral properties The central wavelength of fiber Bragg grating reflection wavelength can be described as (1) Where is the central wavelength of fiber Bragg grating reflection wave, is effective refractive index and is grating period.
The obliquity factor of the sensor is and the precision of the fiber grating interrogator is.
Taking all these factors into consideration, we can calculate the precision of the sensor is.
Fig. 5 Data of top sensor Fig. 6 Data of middle sensor With the increase of the height, the tower becomes easier to be affected by some factors, such as wind speed.

The nature of these properties has been intensively studied by both experimental and theoretical approaches.
For structural materials, the thermal expansion often crucially affects mechanical strength.
These extraordinary mechanical properties are caused by the formation of tiny LPSO precipitate phases in α-Mg matrix.
The refined cell parameters and reliable factors (Rwp) are summarized in Table 1.
We believe these informations are usefull to reveal the mechanism for extraordinary mechanical properties of LPSO Mg alloys.

Among steel types, where safety is predominantly important they occupy distinguished place for their outstanding mechanical properties.
Besides outstanding mechanical properties their good weldability must be also considered.
Materials used TRIP steels have a non conventional chemical composition and mechanical properties.
Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties of TRIP Steels are shown in Tables 1. and 2.
The steels properties which had been investigated by us are shown on Table 1.

Feasibility Study of Arduino Microcontroller Usage for IPMC Actuator Control Muhammad Aliff Rosly1, 2, a, Muhammad Farid Shaari3, b and Zahurin Samad1, c 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia 3Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Eng., Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia aaliff.rosly@yahoo.com, bmdfarid@uthm.edu.my, cmezahurin@usm.my Keywords: IPMC, Ionic Polymer, Arduino, Control, Underwater actuator, Smart actuator Abstract.
However, IPMC t1 has lower steady-state stability (higher noise) compared to IPMC t2 due to IPMC actuator mechanism factors and current setup limitation for Arduino microcontroller.
Owing to its beneficial properties such as light weight, bio-compatibility and its capability to be used underwater make it more preferable actuator especially for small underwater robot [2].
Lower Arduino analog read sampling rate and analog write resolution setup also are considered factors to the unsmoothed signal reading.
IPMC t1 response tends to be easily affected by external noise such as vibration compared to the IPMC t2 as shown in the Fig. 6(a).

All these factors have a major effect on the geopolymerization process and on the strength of the resulting geopolymer.
Water content is considered the most important factor in the geopolymerization process [21].
[3] Davidovits J., “Geopolymer Chemistry And Properties,” In: Proceedings of 1988 geopolymer conference, vol. 1 (1988), pp. 25-48
[11] Hadjito D, Wallah SE, Rangan B.V., “Study On Engineering Properties Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete”, Journal of Austr.
[21] Hadjito D, Wallah SE, Rangan B.V., “Study On Engineering Properties Of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete,” Journal of Austr .Ceram Soc, vol. 38, pp. 76-50, 2002

Properties of Palm Oil Clinker A clinker looks like a porous stone which is grey in colour.
Fig. 1: Palm oil clinker Physical Properties of Palm Oil Clinker According to Mohd Hilton Ahmad et al., (2007) the physical properties of palm oil clinker in term of specific gravity is 2.17 under saturated surface dry condition (SSD condition).
Brito, Mechanical Behaviour of Concrete Made With Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregates.
Taha, Effect of Copper Slag as a Fine Aggregate on The Properties of Cement Mortars and Concrete. (2010) [6] M.
Physical Properties of Local Palm Oil Clinker and Fly Ash. (2007) [7] S.

In addition, ANSYS FE is suitable for linear/nonlinear FE stress and strain analysis, but not for kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanical system[7].
Define types of cells and properties of material, then divide model into cells 3.
The reason is that, in the course of simulation of rigid-coupling model, flexible body of centrifuge arm generates deformation due to large acceleration and gravities of vibration shaker and counterweight and so on, while the rigid body of centrifuge arm is not affected by these factors.
In the course of simulation, the deform of centrifuge arm as flexible body can affect the precision of output of acceleration directly.
[6] DONG Longlei, YAN Guirong: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.37(6), (2001), pp.29-33

Introduction Exergy is a thermodynamic property associated with the state of the system and environment [1].
The mass flow rate and the temperatures which are important factors in evaluating the stream's exergy are totally affected by the syngas fuel compositions and combustion characteristics.
This is might be due to the increase in the mass flow rate of flue gases, which was an important factor in combustor exergetic efficiency calculation as shown in Equation (9).
The results showed that the exergy destruction of syngas2 was less affected as compared to the other two fuels.
However, it would also affect negatively on other components. 4.

Material for workpieces is from specific material list with guaranteed chemical structure and mechanical properties.
Mechanical properties of C45 Mechanical properties of C45 Re [MPa] Rm [MPa] A5 [%] HB E [GPa] min. 305 min. 530 16 max. 225 221 These experiments were made under defined technological conditions.
Material for cutting tools defines their machining properties.
Testing properties of those materials are very important, because their properties may be different than properties defined in standards ISO.
Cincio: Comparison of mechanical properties of surface layers with use of nanoindentation and microindentation tests. 2012, Metalurgija 51(3): 309-312

Introduction The study of concrete properties currently emphasises not only strength, e.g. compressive, but also elastic properties, such as the static modulus of elasticity [1], [2] .
This property of hardened concrete affects primarily its deformation under load, the magnitude of deformation or shrinkage.
In order to eliminate the factor of concrete aging during the experiment, the concrete was tested at an age of more than 1 year.
Table shows the properties of the concretes in the fresh and hardened state.
Neville, Properties of concrete, 5th ed., Pearson, New York, 2011