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To sum up, model 1, using diagonal structures as main lateral resistant system, can not only satisfy structure stress but also save engineering cost thus is the optimal space steel truss form.
Industrial Cnstruction, Vol.7(2007) (in Chinese) [4] Xiaodun Wang, Yongjiu Shi and Yuanqing Wang: Research on structure and engineering application of FERRIS wheel.
Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering (2005).
China Civil Engineering Journal(2005).

Finite Element Analysis for Unstiffened Overlapped CHS KK-Joints Welded in Different Ways Xiu-li Wang1, Wen-wei Yang1,2,a, Lei Zou1 1 School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P.R.China 2 School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P.R.China anxyangww@163.com Keywords: Overlapped CHS KK-Joints; Hidden Weld; Ultimate Capacity; Finite Element Analysis Abstract: The question whether hidden weld of unstiffened overlapped CHS (circular hollow sections) KK-joints is welded or un-welded is not clearly mentioned in China's steel structure design codes (GB50017-2003) .This paper mainly analyzes the influence of chord-to-brace diameter ratio β, diameter-to- ply ratio γ and brace-to-chord ply ratio τ to the ultimate bearing capacity of the joints with the hidden weld welded and un-welded.
In order to examine those run-through joints’ elastic-plastic analysis process comprehensively in the study of the joints’ hysteretic behaviors under low frequency loading, considering that this kind of joints mainly bear axial force in practical engineering, the axis load was exerted to the brace end during the calculation and adopted gradually, various amplitude loading is taken as loading mechanism, grade loading and unloading are implemented by the model of the static loading test under each load steps.
Journal of Structural Engineering, 1992(2) [4] CHEN Yu, ZHAO Xianzhong, CHEN Yiyi.

Experimental Investigation on Mid-Story Isolated Structures Xiangyun Huang1,2, a，Fulin Zhou1, 2,b， Sheliang Wang3, c， Liuhan Wen 1,2, d and Xuehai Luo1,2, e 1Earthquake Engineering Research and Test Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Advanced Technique, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405,China 3 College of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China a hxiangyun2008@yahoo.com.cn, b zhoufl@cae.cn, c wangshel@yahoo.com.cn, dwen_jp6@hotmail.com, eluoxuehai@tom.com Keywords: Mid-Story Isolated Structure; Shaking Table Test; Optimum Factor; Finite Element Analysis Abstract.
Introduction Base-isolated technique is an effective, economic and readily available new system for earthquake resistance design of building and civil structures. it has been confirmed that isolation technique can avoid the earthquake damage of building structure and non-structural elements during past earthquake experiences.
It should be noted that for mid-story seismic isolation structure, when mass ratio >0.5, corresponding optimal damping ratio is greater than 0.3, it is difficult to realized in practical engineering.

Study on the Reinforcement and Reconstruction of Through Pre-stressed Truss Arch Bridge Juntao Kang1, a, Yang Liu2, b 1 2Institute of Civil Enginneering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China ajtkang@163.com, byandylau@tom.com Keywords: Through Type; Truss Arch Bridge; Disease; Reinforcement Abstract.
This paper takes Huzhou Baimitang Bridge as an engineering example, expounds the common diseases of through pre-stressed truss arch bridge and their causes.
The reinforcing methods are good for reference of other similar engineering projects.
This paper discusses the reinforcing and reconstructions of the through pre-stressed truss arch bridge with an engineering example of HuZhou Baimitang Bridge, so that others may come up with valuable opinions.
Engineering Example Engineering Summary And Diseases.

The problem of developing robust methods for uncertainty quantification (UQ) is of major interest in the engineering and scientific community.
In the engineering context, UQ methods can be practically implemented to limit the amount of prototype redesigns.
Williams, “Polynomial Chaos Functions and Neutron Diffusion,” Nuclear Science and Engineering, vol. 155, 2006
Amar, “The Monte Carlo method in Science and Engineering,” Journal of Computing in Science & Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 9-19, 2006
Ayyub, Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Civil Engineering, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press LLC, 1999

Fuzzy Controller and Simulation Validation The design and analysis of the fuzzy controller for civil engineering applications was pursued in early papers [14-15] and recently set up as a toolbox in the Matlab environment [16].
Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 121 322-338
Special issue of the Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 123 9
Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 74-76 1047-1055
Decentralized civil structural control using real-time wireless sensing and embedded computing.

Determination of Time Dependent Diffusion Coefficient Aging Factor of HPC Mixtures Quang Tran1,a, Pratanu Ghosh2,b, Petr Lehner3,c and Petr Konečný3,d* 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Ave.
Urbana, IL 61801-2352, USA 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 800 N.
State College Blvd, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA 3Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Ludvíka Podéště 1875, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic aqntran2@illinois.edu, bpghosh@fullerton.edu, cpetr.lehner@vsb.cz, dpetr.konecny@vsb.cz Keywords: Concrete, electrical resistivity, corrosion, diffusion coefficient, aging factor computation, HPC mixtures.
Further, validation of the aging factor provides confidence for future practicing engineers or researchers to apply the tool in a systematic reliable way.

Etman, Microstructure and durability of ground granulated blast furnace slag cement Mortars, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering. 45(3) (2021) 1457-1465
Subramaniam, Blast Furnace Slag Hydration in an Alkaline Medium: Influence of Sodium Content and Sodium Hydroxide Molarity, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 32(12) (2020) 04020371
Nuruddin, Durability of Concrete with Different Mineral Admixtures: A Review, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering. 7(8) (2013) 265-276
Mahinroosta, Resistance of red clay brick waste/phosphorus slag-based geopolymer mortar to acid solutions of mild concentration, Journal of Building Engineering. 34 (2021) 102066.

Tamrin2,b 1Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Samarinda, 75131, Indonesia 2Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia atommysutarto@polnes.ac.id, bfts_tamrin@ft.unmul.ac.id Keywords: sugar, sucrose, lignosulfonate, concrete setting time, penetration resistance, compressive strength.
Applied Thermal Engineering 103 (2016), 1362–1369 [4] I.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 23 (2011), 1124-1127

Modeling of a horizontal coordinate measuring machine Piera Maresca1,a*, Emilio Gómez1,b , Jesús Caja1,c and Cintia Barajas1,d 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain apiera.maresca@upm.es, bemilio.gomez@upm.es, cjesus.caja@up.es, dcintia.barajas@upm.es Keywords: Dimensional Metrology; DE-learning; Horizontal Coordinate Measuring Machine; Engineering Education.
This paper presents a new virtual environment aimed to the realization of dimensional metrology practices, in the framework of the Degree in Mechanical Engineering of Technical University of Madrid.
Dimensional metrology is currently part of the academic education of different advanced degree in engineering: mechanical, aeronautical, naval, civil, etc. both as a specific subject and as part of other subjects such as Manufacturing Technology, Manufacturing Engineering or Quality Engineering; in addition some Engineering Faculties offer postgraduate courses and masters in metrology.
In particular, learning the basics of dimensional metrology is one of the objectives of Manufacturing Technology, belonging to the Degree in Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Madrid (UPM).
Berzal, Development and Application of a New Interactive Model for the Teaching of Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Int.