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Online since: December 2013
Authors: Mohd Noor Arib Rejab, Roslan Abd Rahman, Raja Ishak Raja Hamzah, Asyraf Ismail, Jawaid Iqbal Inayat Hussain, Nazirah Ahmad
These scenarios affect vibratory behaviour and increase the vibration and noise in the compartment of passenger car.
One of the factors of vibration is engine excitation force generated by gas pressure of fuel explosion in the cylinder and inertia force of rotating piston and connecting rod.
Elastomeric mount shows remarkable dynamic stiffness properties at higher frequency levels.
In addition, properties of elastomeric mount including compactness, cost-effectiveness and low maintenance make it very attractive for low price vehicle [1].
Snowdon, Vibration and shock in damped mechanical systems, John Wiley & Sons, Unated States of America, 1968
One of the factors of vibration is engine excitation force generated by gas pressure of fuel explosion in the cylinder and inertia force of rotating piston and connecting rod.
Elastomeric mount shows remarkable dynamic stiffness properties at higher frequency levels.
In addition, properties of elastomeric mount including compactness, cost-effectiveness and low maintenance make it very attractive for low price vehicle [1].
Snowdon, Vibration and shock in damped mechanical systems, John Wiley & Sons, Unated States of America, 1968
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Nur Atiqah, Abdul Rahman Mohamed, Md. Sazzad Hossein Chowdhury, Yeakub Ali Mohammad
Surface roughness is an important product quality since it greatly influences the performance of mechanical parts as well as production cost that give impact on the mechanical properties (fatigue, corrosion, creep life, etc.) and other functional attributes of parts (friction, wear, heat transmission, lubrication, etc.) [3].
An unfavourable phenomenon encountered in various machining processes occurrence can be critical as it affects MRR, geometrical accuracy, and surface finish of the workpiece.
Table 1: Experimental parameters Controlled Parameters Experimental Conditions Levels Variable Parameters Factors I II III Spindle Speed (rpm) A 30000 40000 50000 Feed Rate (mm/min) B 1 2 3 Depth of Cut (µm) C 20 30 40 3 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Surface Roughness (Ra) Table 2: Mean S/N ratio values of surface roughness Control Factor Level surface roughness Factors I II III Max-Min Rank Spindle Speed (10 3rpm) A 17.8437 17.9102 13.5413 4.3689 1 Feed rate (mm/min) B 16.0207 16.5465 16.7279 0.7072 3 Depth of cut (μm) C 16.8079 16.4595 16.0277 0.7803 2 Table 2 show spindle speed is the most significant factor that effected on the surface roughness followed by the depth of cut and feed rate.
Besides, the P-values of other factors B also have confidence level of more than 99% which shows that this factor has a strong influence on MRR.
International Journal of Mechanical and Material Engineering, 4(1), 93–97.
An unfavourable phenomenon encountered in various machining processes occurrence can be critical as it affects MRR, geometrical accuracy, and surface finish of the workpiece.
Table 1: Experimental parameters Controlled Parameters Experimental Conditions Levels Variable Parameters Factors I II III Spindle Speed (rpm) A 30000 40000 50000 Feed Rate (mm/min) B 1 2 3 Depth of Cut (µm) C 20 30 40 3 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Surface Roughness (Ra) Table 2: Mean S/N ratio values of surface roughness Control Factor Level surface roughness Factors I II III Max-Min Rank Spindle Speed (10 3rpm) A 17.8437 17.9102 13.5413 4.3689 1 Feed rate (mm/min) B 16.0207 16.5465 16.7279 0.7072 3 Depth of cut (μm) C 16.8079 16.4595 16.0277 0.7803 2 Table 2 show spindle speed is the most significant factor that effected on the surface roughness followed by the depth of cut and feed rate.
Besides, the P-values of other factors B also have confidence level of more than 99% which shows that this factor has a strong influence on MRR.
International Journal of Mechanical and Material Engineering, 4(1), 93–97.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Shu Ting Liang, Rui Pang, Xiao Jun Zhu
Steel plate’s thickness is another factor that has big effect on the HPC’s axial capacity.
The slug length is 100mm and the steel plates’s stickout was 25mm, and these two factors remained constain during the analysis.
Shear stiffness, tension stiffness and compression stiffness are three important factors in calculating the in-plane deforemation of untopped precast concrete diaphragms in equivalent beam model.
Slug length can affect the axial capacity greatly.
And the compression capacity can greatly affected by the steel plate’s thickness.
The slug length is 100mm and the steel plates’s stickout was 25mm, and these two factors remained constain during the analysis.
Shear stiffness, tension stiffness and compression stiffness are three important factors in calculating the in-plane deforemation of untopped precast concrete diaphragms in equivalent beam model.
Slug length can affect the axial capacity greatly.
And the compression capacity can greatly affected by the steel plate’s thickness.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Xiao Ren Mei
In this article, the sketch map of typical sections of dragline operation bench before and after the throwing blasting is drawn, the rock characteristics, rock structure, lithology, physical and mechanical properties of rock and the nature of the structural surface is statistic by the methods of theoretical analysis, laboratory investigation, field research and so on.
The safety factors of dragline operation bench are calculated under different parameters and different influencing factors by Rigid Body Limit Equilibrium Method, the stability of dragline stripping bench is synthesized analyzed and the safe operation parameters of dragline operation bench is proposed.
By selecting typical sections, using Rigid Body Limit Equilibrium Method, the safety factor of dragline solid high bench and dragline stripping loosen bench under different parameters and different influence factors is analyzed and calculated, then the sensitivity analysis of the factors which influence the dragline solid high bench wedge destruction is advanced.
Sensitivity analysis is used to study the major factors which influence the slope safety by orthogonal test method [5].
Slope angle on the impact factor of safety is highly significant which means that slope angle is the sensible factor affecting the stability of dragline solid high bench [6].
The safety factors of dragline operation bench are calculated under different parameters and different influencing factors by Rigid Body Limit Equilibrium Method, the stability of dragline stripping bench is synthesized analyzed and the safe operation parameters of dragline operation bench is proposed.
By selecting typical sections, using Rigid Body Limit Equilibrium Method, the safety factor of dragline solid high bench and dragline stripping loosen bench under different parameters and different influence factors is analyzed and calculated, then the sensitivity analysis of the factors which influence the dragline solid high bench wedge destruction is advanced.
Sensitivity analysis is used to study the major factors which influence the slope safety by orthogonal test method [5].
Slope angle on the impact factor of safety is highly significant which means that slope angle is the sensible factor affecting the stability of dragline solid high bench [6].
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Chin Jian Leo, Henry Wong, Yong Zou
Being a thermo-viscoelastic material, the mechanical properties of EPS geofoam are affected by temperature.
All of Findley’s material parameters (nF, mF, e0F, seF, and smF) were assumed to be: (1) material dependent; (2) stress, strain, and time independent (for the stress-strain range over which the material parameters are determined); and (3) dependent on various environmental factors such as temperature and water content of the material.
Viscoelastic Mechanical Models.
This would suggest that the influence of temperature on the creep model affects mainly the viscous elements while the spring element is approximately independent of the temperature in the specified stress range.
[4] Melo Jose Daniel D. and Radford Donald W: Time and temperature dependence of the viscoelastic properties of CFRP by dynamic mechanical analysis.
All of Findley’s material parameters (nF, mF, e0F, seF, and smF) were assumed to be: (1) material dependent; (2) stress, strain, and time independent (for the stress-strain range over which the material parameters are determined); and (3) dependent on various environmental factors such as temperature and water content of the material.
Viscoelastic Mechanical Models.
This would suggest that the influence of temperature on the creep model affects mainly the viscous elements while the spring element is approximately independent of the temperature in the specified stress range.
[4] Melo Jose Daniel D. and Radford Donald W: Time and temperature dependence of the viscoelastic properties of CFRP by dynamic mechanical analysis.
Online since: May 2015
Authors: Nur Izan Syahriah Hussein, S.R. Kamarul, Mohamad Nizam Ayof
However, the thermal effect of the cladding method and the consequent chemical reaction among the elements in the NiCrBSi-WC material need to be understood for optimizing the desired mechanical properties of the produced deposit.
The results found prove that the chemical reaction among the elements of the deposit is important to be understood to produce protective layers with a preferable combination of mechanical properties.
They also concluded that the size and the population of WC carbides in the matrix are the main factors affecting the wear resistance properties of the deposit.
Analyses are also conducted on the mechanical properties and the resulting microstructure of the deposited clads, and the thermal cycle produced by the process.
Janicki, The study of properties of Ni–WC wires surfaced deposits, J.
The results found prove that the chemical reaction among the elements of the deposit is important to be understood to produce protective layers with a preferable combination of mechanical properties.
They also concluded that the size and the population of WC carbides in the matrix are the main factors affecting the wear resistance properties of the deposit.
Analyses are also conducted on the mechanical properties and the resulting microstructure of the deposited clads, and the thermal cycle produced by the process.
Janicki, The study of properties of Ni–WC wires surfaced deposits, J.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Ming Hua Chen, Jing Hua Yin, Shu Ting Gao
However, in the actual process of service, the failure distribution of VDMOS are not only affected by the failure modes, the failure mechanisms and the structures of device, but also by the sustained stress, its working environment and many other factors.
And, vibration has become a key factor affecting the reliability of electronic products in the areas of aerospace and military.
The beginning location of failure is found from these experiments, then evaluating the property of resist and the ability of work for the device during the changes of temperature.
When the device is used in actual environment, the stress value on the boundary of the chip and the bonding layer and the location of the external pin is bigger than the result of simulation, it can be effected not only the frequencies but also other factors[5].
Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2008, 30(1): 137-143
And, vibration has become a key factor affecting the reliability of electronic products in the areas of aerospace and military.
The beginning location of failure is found from these experiments, then evaluating the property of resist and the ability of work for the device during the changes of temperature.
When the device is used in actual environment, the stress value on the boundary of the chip and the bonding layer and the location of the external pin is bigger than the result of simulation, it can be effected not only the frequencies but also other factors[5].
Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2008, 30(1): 137-143
Online since: November 2014
Authors: De Kun Yue, Yong Min Jiang
Although the results of the movement only require that the geometric accuracy of the timeless track of the trajectory, the motion parameters (initial conditions, displacement, velocity, acceleration parameter) are the determinants of the geometric properties of trajectories.[1] The whole movement process is the forming process of the geometric properties.
Accordingly we must research movement parameters and all factors related to the movement process to study the geometric precision of the timeless track, take comprehensive consideration to the parts machining accuracy, tool path geometry characteristics, NC machine tool kinematics and dynamics characteristics of a variety of factors.[2] Due to formingtrajectory is a process, so, trajectory control should be a series of motion state control.
The contour can be depicted as function of position, having the corresponding geometric properties, such as the tangent slope, curvature, torsion rate.
As long as the tool motion according with the planning movement characteristics, their trajectories geometric properties can achieve the requirements of a given contour curve.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2002, 38 (1):31-34
Accordingly we must research movement parameters and all factors related to the movement process to study the geometric precision of the timeless track, take comprehensive consideration to the parts machining accuracy, tool path geometry characteristics, NC machine tool kinematics and dynamics characteristics of a variety of factors.[2] Due to formingtrajectory is a process, so, trajectory control should be a series of motion state control.
The contour can be depicted as function of position, having the corresponding geometric properties, such as the tangent slope, curvature, torsion rate.
As long as the tool motion according with the planning movement characteristics, their trajectories geometric properties can achieve the requirements of a given contour curve.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2002, 38 (1):31-34
Online since: August 2008
Authors: Chao Ming Lin, Chun Yi Chu, Wei Lin Chang
These characteristics describe the interrelationship between
the viscosity, the shear rate, and the temperature. m1 and m2 are the constants for the reaction order;
)exp( 111
RT
E
Ak −= and )exp( 222
RT
E
Ak −= are the rate parameters described by an Arrhenius
temperature dependency with A1 and A2 as pre-exponential factors; E1 and E2 are activation
energies.
When choosing the material to use as an underfill encapsulant, it is necessary to ensure that its physical properties are suitable.
Typical material properties include viscosity, thermal expansion, conversion, and elastic modulus.
The underfill encapsulant is assumed to be a viscous fluid material with the properties presented in Table 2.
The simulated results show that the flow front distribution in the different times can be affected by the bumps array arrangement (see fig. 6).
When choosing the material to use as an underfill encapsulant, it is necessary to ensure that its physical properties are suitable.
Typical material properties include viscosity, thermal expansion, conversion, and elastic modulus.
The underfill encapsulant is assumed to be a viscous fluid material with the properties presented in Table 2.
The simulated results show that the flow front distribution in the different times can be affected by the bumps array arrangement (see fig. 6).
Online since: August 2012
Authors: A.S. Sekhar
In the field of wood working machines, computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines have become popular as they have many controlled production factors and safety features.
Industrially, this has been found useful even at the cost of losing some other properties like toughness, etc.
It seems to have been fairly well established that by appropriate plasma treatment any required properties of wood can be obtained for any specific end use [6-9].
Wood Composites As earlier mentioned, innovations relating to wood-composites have been made to bring out the desired dimensional, mechanical and physical properties in products, which could not be obtained in solid woods.
The many factors that are considered in this field are; the nature of uncoated natural surface, properties of finishing materials, methods of their application, the purpose and severity of exposure, and their effects on the substrata of wood.
Industrially, this has been found useful even at the cost of losing some other properties like toughness, etc.
It seems to have been fairly well established that by appropriate plasma treatment any required properties of wood can be obtained for any specific end use [6-9].
Wood Composites As earlier mentioned, innovations relating to wood-composites have been made to bring out the desired dimensional, mechanical and physical properties in products, which could not be obtained in solid woods.
The many factors that are considered in this field are; the nature of uncoated natural surface, properties of finishing materials, methods of their application, the purpose and severity of exposure, and their effects on the substrata of wood.