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Introduction The application of light weight materials like aluminium, magnesium and titanium alloys in automotive and aerospace industries has increased, due to the need for less fuel emission, higher security and weight reduction under the influences of worldwide environments pollution and resources shortage.
Warm/hot sheet hydromechanical deep drawing is an innovative technique whose interest derives from the reduction in flow stress, reduction in work hardening and improvement in toughness of material compared with conventional cold forming and hot forming; and the forming temperature lower than that of dynamic recrystallization makes easier to obtain fine grain microstructure and high surface finish [1,2].
Under the consideration of reduction of forming chamber pressure and equipment load requirements, Vollertsen [3] proposed the alumimium sheet hydroforming using heated oil on the 9th international conference on sheet metal.
The experimental data are shown in Fig. 4(c).
However, the influence becomes obviously as temperature goes up, at 300oC, the reduction reaches 41.1mm. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 o C 100 o C 200 o C 300 o C Max.

Experimental data showed a much larger improvement of nail-fold microcirculation while using arm sleeves impregnated with pearl and Panax Notoginseng powder than pure cotton arm sleeves.
However, taking all the subjects’ test data into consideration, we could figure out wearing NO.2 arm sleeves could relatively improve the body surface microcirculation.
Indeed, published articles report a temperature increase and body measurement reduction induced by topical use of infrared-emitting powders.
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The paper presents the data and main results of a study on effect of using cover blank in SPIF through FEA.
A developed heating unit, composed of a dedicated laser optics and laser was integrated into the forming machine, and this shows that temperature control and reduction of friction and wear are mandatory in SPIF process [8].
Initial data Variable Unit Value Density, ρ (g/m3) 2700 Young’s Modulus, E (GPa) 75 Poisson’s Ratio, ν 0.3 Yield Stress, σy (MPa) 80 Tangent modules, Eτ (GPa) 0.5 Dia. of Active Forming Tool, Dp (mm) 10 Radius of Die, Rd (mm) 5 Blank Thickness, t (mm) 0.9 Step Size, z (mm) 0.2 Dia. of Blank, Db (mm) 226 The Friction Coefficient, µ 0.05 Development of FE Model An FE model of SPIF process simulation has been developed.
In the area where high reduction in thickness happens a neck results indicating failure of the product at this stage.

Tool life modeling, surface roughness prediction, cutting parameters optimization and high-speed milling data base and the expert system should be greatly noticed by the researchers.
Substituting PMMC for aluminum alloy, steel or titanium alloy has the significant benefit of weight reduction, increasing speed, higher average fuel efficiency, exhaust emission control and maintenance cost reduction, which makes them find increasing application in automobile, aerospace, electronics and medical industries (Fig.1) [1-2].
Tool life modeling, surface roughness prediction, cutting parameters optimization and high-speed milling data base and the expert system should be greatly noticed by the researchers.

One approach to these demands is the weight reduction of mechanical components by lightweight construction.
However it is not yet possible to explain this synergy by consideration of data already known.
Welded joints of the aluminium alloy EN AW6060 by BHLW show a significant reduction of porosity independent of the used gas in comparison to the individual Nd:YAG laser welding.
Besides the reduction of pores inside the seam, the HPDL affects the quality of the weld seam surface.
Supplying two individual lasers via fibre optic cable to an enhanced optical head allows for a considerable weight reduction and reduced dimensions.

While the test data nearby the threshold district can be appropriately characterized using a statistical distribution for the factor range data at a given FCGR level and the case is similarly for the test toughness data.
And then, delta K is evaluated by the following equation [12] (1) (2) FCGR (da/dN ) data can be yielded by taking a differentiation to the a-N data and then, da/dN-delta K data can be gotten by combining the da/dN data and the a-delta K data. da/dN-delta K data for GR specimens and TH specimens are shown in Fig. 6.
While the test data nearby the threshold district can be only characterized using a statistical distribution for delta K data at a given da/dN level and the case is similar for the test KIC data.
It reveals that test data in stage II can be reasonably described by employing a statistical distribution for the FCGR data at a given delta K level.
While the test data nearby the delta Kth district can be appropriately characterized using a statistical distribution for delta K data at a given FCGR level and the case is similarly for the test KIC data.

Sample A dark current data for all of the devices in the array.
Sample A excess noise data at 244nm (circles) and 325nm (squares).
Data obtained from three devices.
Circles represent data points.
Sample B excess noise data at 244nm (circles) and 325nm (squares).

This work established a 3D printing-scanning setup to collect 3D point cloud data of printed parts and then compare them with nominal 3D point cloud data to quantify the deviation in all X, Y, and Z directions.
However, the data-driven predictive modeling of layer wise surface finish for monitoring the cumulation of such out-of-plane deviation has not been well investigated.
Figure 6: Model comparison Figure 5: Prediction error of layer 13 of Part 1 Conclusion In this study, a data-driven predictive framework including error quantification and prediction was applied for Z-axis deviation prediction, which provided a reference to decide if error compensation or manual intervention is needed for removing the undesired nonconformities or terminating the process to prevent the extra material waste.
Compared to the other data-driven machine learning models, the ED-based LSTM model with attention mechanism can provide more accurate and precise prediction results.
"Modeling inter-layer interactions for out-of-plane shape deviation reduction in additive manufacturing." 

First of all, the operating condition of electro-hydraulic servo system was abstracted to discrete states, then using multiple linear regression algorithm, the model parameter were identified based on the statistical analysis of sample data.
Compared to the previous fault model based on experimental modeling method, this model was constructed based on pressure, flow rate sensor data fusion, two parameters are correlated in the base layer, which can effectively improve the diagnostic decision robustness.
The disadvantage of the EHSS is easily to be polluted, Condition monitoring of such systems is, therefore, extremely useful in the early detection of faults in order to avoid further loss of individual components or reduction in operational safety.
However, most faults of the EHSS with time-varying, nonlinear characteristics that cannot be modeled exactly, in order to overcome the difficulties associated with modeling nonlinear hydraulic systems, some research constructed experimental model through statistical analysis of the sampling data, regression coefficients are defined as fault parameters, another experimental fault model[2，3] using filter residuals as fault parameters, because the fault parameters are not directly associated with the fault, so the additional fault classification is needed.
Sampling data obtained in acceleration phase are extracted as shown in Table 4, the results of multi-linear regression are shown in Table 5 and Figure 3.

A good agreement was found between the predicted and the experimental data.
After the reduction of thickness in the following passes, the temperature gradient decrease.
And the predicted temperature is in good agreement with the measured data.