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Introduction Functionally graded materials are materials that are tailored to have varied properties throughout their volume.
Bhd. and they were industrial grade materials.
Materials 13 (2020), 4060
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 507: 215–225
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 105 (2007), 3462-3469

Enhancements in the absorption range could be accomplished by the use of luminescent materials, for example, chemical dyes, inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles, using up-conversion materials for low frequency photons [7,8] and down convrsion materials for high frequency photons[9,10].
''Enhancing solar cell efficiency: the search for luminescent materials as spectral converters''.Chemical Society Reviews, 42(1), 173–201.(2013)
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 90(15), 2329–2337. (2006)
Progress in Materials Science, 55(5), 353–427. (2010)
Hamoodr''Synthesis and optical properties of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals''Materials Science-Poland, 37(2), 149-157(2019)

Using higher performing materials can mitigate these problems, but fabricating tools from these materials significantly increase their cost.
PREP powders are preferred for LPD processing of these materials.
Shankar, et.al., "Microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 superalloy", Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 288, No.2-3, 2001, pp.-222-232
Kuzucu, et.al., "Microstructure and phase analyses of Stellite 6 plus 6 wt.% Mo alloy", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol 69 No.1-3, 1997, pp.-257-263
Karlsson, "Mechanical properties of laser cladded steel", Materials Science and Technology Vol. 19, No.11, 2003 pp.-1611-1616 [11] S.

Acknowledgment This work is supported by the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (No. 05DZ22002).
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Most FPAEO-xMIM membranes show a room temperature hydroxide conductivity that is higher than 10−2 S/cm, which is required for AEMs materials in fuel cells.
Yang, “Fundamental studies of a new series of anion exchange membranes: membrane preparation and characterization,” Journal of Membrane Science,vol. 190(2),pp. 159-166 , 2001
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Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 326(1), pp. 4-8, 2009
Driscoll, “Poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethy lene)-Derived Radiation-Grafted Anion-Exchange Membrane with Properties Specifically Tailored for Application in Metal-Cation-Free Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells,” Chemistry of Materials , vol. 19(10), pp. 2686-2693, 2009.

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