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Online since: November 2011
Authors: Yun Jie Xu, Jun Kai Yang
The working principle of test bed is shown in figure 1.
Fig.1.
1 and table 2, with the increase of load, speed reduces correspondingly, the transmission efficiency of cycloid cam speed reducer increase gradually.
References [1] Michlin Y, Myunster V.
A flexible multi-body approach for frictional contact in spur gears[J] .Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2004, 278 (3) :479-499
Fig.1.
1 and table 2, with the increase of load, speed reduces correspondingly, the transmission efficiency of cycloid cam speed reducer increase gradually.
References [1] Michlin Y, Myunster V.
A flexible multi-body approach for frictional contact in spur gears[J] .Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2004, 278 (3) :479-499
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Chun Huan Guo, Rui Tang Liu
Fig.3 The location of strain gauge on specimen
The material tested in this work was a low-alloy steel with the yield strength, elongation and area reduction of ~479 MPa, ~21% and ~77%, respectively.
The experimental and calculated results are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Experimental results for different specimen widths under constant span No.
Specimen width (mm) tspecimen+Δt (μs) tSupport (μs) tloss (μs) (μs) 1 10 16 103.5 87.5 88.6 2 106.7 90.7 3 103.7 87.7 1 15 16.5 73.4 56.9 55.2 2 68.7 52.2 3 73 56.5 1 20 17.1 47.1 30 30.3 2 46.3 29.2 3 48.8 31.7 1 25 17.8 27.4 9.6 8.6 2 25.6 7.8 3 26.4 8.6 1 30 18.7 20.1 1.4 0.8 2 18.2 -0.5 3 20.2 1.5 1 35 19.7 20.5 0.8 0.7 2 20.4 0.7 3 20.3 0.6 1 40 20.7 21.6 0.9 0.8 2 21.4 0.7 3 21.5 0.8 Fig. 6 The relationship of the time for loss of contact versus specimen width Summary The effect of specimen width on the contact state of the TPB specimen has been discussed by series of dimensional experiments and the stress wave analysis method has been used.
References [1] T.
The experimental and calculated results are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Experimental results for different specimen widths under constant span No.
Specimen width (mm) tspecimen+Δt (μs) tSupport (μs) tloss (μs) (μs) 1 10 16 103.5 87.5 88.6 2 106.7 90.7 3 103.7 87.7 1 15 16.5 73.4 56.9 55.2 2 68.7 52.2 3 73 56.5 1 20 17.1 47.1 30 30.3 2 46.3 29.2 3 48.8 31.7 1 25 17.8 27.4 9.6 8.6 2 25.6 7.8 3 26.4 8.6 1 30 18.7 20.1 1.4 0.8 2 18.2 -0.5 3 20.2 1.5 1 35 19.7 20.5 0.8 0.7 2 20.4 0.7 3 20.3 0.6 1 40 20.7 21.6 0.9 0.8 2 21.4 0.7 3 21.5 0.8 Fig. 6 The relationship of the time for loss of contact versus specimen width Summary The effect of specimen width on the contact state of the TPB specimen has been discussed by series of dimensional experiments and the stress wave analysis method has been used.
References [1] T.
Online since: October 2009
Authors: Federico Tordini, Paolo Baldissera, Stefano Cavalleri, Paolo Marcassoli
R = -1
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07
Number of cycles until failure
Bending stress [MPa]
Untreated
PVD CrN
PVD CrN + DCT
Run outs
PVD CrN + DCT
PVD CrN
AISI 302
852 ± 20
721 ± 17
Untreated
860 ± 31
Figure 1 - Applied bending stress vs. cycles until failure diagram.
Table 1 - Fatigue limits - average values and standard errors - from the rotating bending tests.
References [1] A.M.
A Vol. 479 (2008), pp. 229-35
Vol. 19(1) (1997), pp.
Table 1 - Fatigue limits - average values and standard errors - from the rotating bending tests.
References [1] A.M.
A Vol. 479 (2008), pp. 229-35
Vol. 19(1) (1997), pp.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Yan Zhou Peng, Hong Feng Gao
The wouldn't be the maximize.Eq. 1 can be represented as the inner product between a conversion vector and an RGB vector as follows
(2) The original data dimension reduced from a 3-D to 1-D scalar through the dimension reduction function
Figure.1 Contrast between weighted average gray image and gradient-enhancing gray image Fig.1(a) is the original test image,Fig.1(b) is the gray-level image base on gradient-enhancing gray method,Fig.1(c) is the gray-level image base on common weighted average gray method.By comparison,the gray value between the road and lane line area tends to be similar in the common gray-level image base on common method,lane line area gradient are depressed.
Table.2 Lne detection rate [day] [night] [total] [Total frame] 500 500 1000 [Detected frame] 465 479 944 [Detection rate] 93% 96% 94% 5 Summary a new gray method is provided in this paper for highway lane detection.
References [1]Y.Chen,M.He,Y.F.Zhang,Robust Lane Detection Based on Gradient Direction,J.IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.(2011)1547-1552
(2) The original data dimension reduced from a 3-D to 1-D scalar through the dimension reduction function
Figure.1 Contrast between weighted average gray image and gradient-enhancing gray image Fig.1(a) is the original test image,Fig.1(b) is the gray-level image base on gradient-enhancing gray method,Fig.1(c) is the gray-level image base on common weighted average gray method.By comparison,the gray value between the road and lane line area tends to be similar in the common gray-level image base on common method,lane line area gradient are depressed.
Table.2 Lne detection rate [day] [night] [total] [Total frame] 500 500 1000 [Detected frame] 465 479 944 [Detection rate] 93% 96% 94% 5 Summary a new gray method is provided in this paper for highway lane detection.
References [1]Y.Chen,M.He,Y.F.Zhang,Robust Lane Detection Based on Gradient Direction,J.IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.(2011)1547-1552
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Zoltan Iosif Korka, Calin Octavian Miclosina, Vasile Cojocaru
(a)
(b)
Fig. 1.
The load was not applied on the gap surface (Fig.1 (b)).
The variation of maximum stresses on the six thread turns loaded by the axial force is presented in Table 1.
References [1] S.
Lee, Dependence of Fatigue Limit of High Tension Bolts on Mean Stress and Ultimate Tensile Strength, International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol.10, ISSN: 1229-9138, pp. 475−479
The load was not applied on the gap surface (Fig.1 (b)).
The variation of maximum stresses on the six thread turns loaded by the axial force is presented in Table 1.
References [1] S.
Lee, Dependence of Fatigue Limit of High Tension Bolts on Mean Stress and Ultimate Tensile Strength, International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol.10, ISSN: 1229-9138, pp. 475−479
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Yong Tang Li, Lu Jia, Li Ju
Then, machining made the ring size meet the requirements of the manufacturer [1].
Fig. 1 shows the alloy phase diagram of 42 CrMo as-cast steel, and Table 1 shows the components of 42CrMo steel.
From the phase diagram showed in Fig. 1, it can be seen that the 42CrMo alloy melt was not the single-phase liquid state.
The relative to size of cast, gravity coefficient can be expressed as: n=29.9(G/R)1/2 (1) n, the rotating moulds speed(r/min), R, the internal radius(m), G, the gravity coefficient (Cast iron pipe fittings metal mold class 30 ~ 65).
Materials Science Forum, (1)(2005)160-164; 475-479 [4] Guozheng Quan, Ying Tong, Gang Luo et al.
Fig. 1 shows the alloy phase diagram of 42 CrMo as-cast steel, and Table 1 shows the components of 42CrMo steel.
From the phase diagram showed in Fig. 1, it can be seen that the 42CrMo alloy melt was not the single-phase liquid state.
The relative to size of cast, gravity coefficient can be expressed as: n=29.9(G/R)1/2 (1) n, the rotating moulds speed(r/min), R, the internal radius(m), G, the gravity coefficient (Cast iron pipe fittings metal mold class 30 ~ 65).
Materials Science Forum, (1)(2005)160-164; 475-479 [4] Guozheng Quan, Ying Tong, Gang Luo et al.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Liang Gao, Mi Xiao, Lei Yang, Zhi Hui Yao
Table 1 Ranges and units of influencing factors
Factors
Q[lh-1]
t[mm]
w[mm]
l[mm]
v[mms-1]
Ranges(-,+)
(817.3,2615.6)
(15,45)
(400,1000)
(600,1200)
(2,8)
Fractional Factorial Designs.
Q[lh-1] t[mm] w[mm] l[mm] v[mms-1] Tmax[°C] 1 817.3 15 400 600 2 591 2 817.3 15 400 1200 8 292 3 817.3 15 1000 600 8 292 4 817.3 15 1000 1200 2 587 5 817.3 45 400 600 8 257 6 817.3 45 400 1200 2 479 7 817.3 45 1000 600 2 474 8 817.3 45 1000 1200 8 255 9 1634.7 15 400 600 8 580 10 1634.7 15 400 1200 2 1212 11 1634.7 15 1000 600 2 1212 12 1634.7 15 1000 1200 8 576 13 1634.7 45 400 600 2 998 14 1634.7 45 400 1200 8 490 15 1634.7 45 1000 600 8 485 16 1634.7 45 1000 1200 2 983 Main effect 413.625 -115.125 -4.375 -1.875 -413.625 Results and Analysis The results of 16 experiments are shown in Table 2.
The following conclusions are drawn: 1.
References [1] J.G.
Vol. 13, No. 1(1997), p. 22-27.
Q[lh-1] t[mm] w[mm] l[mm] v[mms-1] Tmax[°C] 1 817.3 15 400 600 2 591 2 817.3 15 400 1200 8 292 3 817.3 15 1000 600 8 292 4 817.3 15 1000 1200 2 587 5 817.3 45 400 600 8 257 6 817.3 45 400 1200 2 479 7 817.3 45 1000 600 2 474 8 817.3 45 1000 1200 8 255 9 1634.7 15 400 600 8 580 10 1634.7 15 400 1200 2 1212 11 1634.7 15 1000 600 2 1212 12 1634.7 15 1000 1200 8 576 13 1634.7 45 400 600 2 998 14 1634.7 45 400 1200 8 490 15 1634.7 45 1000 600 8 485 16 1634.7 45 1000 1200 2 983 Main effect 413.625 -115.125 -4.375 -1.875 -413.625 Results and Analysis The results of 16 experiments are shown in Table 2.
The following conclusions are drawn: 1.
References [1] J.G.
Vol. 13, No. 1(1997), p. 22-27.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Tao Deng, Tao Ge
All above have their localization or some mistakes [1].
In the paper [1], a fitting velocity field expression was obtained by used conservation of mass.
Figures 1-3 show deceleration-time data, “Forrestal model” in [4] and the model built in this paper.
References [1] WANG Ming-yang, DENG Hong-jian, QIAN Qi-hu.
Int J Impact Eng Vol.28 No. 6: pp:479–497. (2003) [5] LIU Xiao-hu, LIU Ji.
In the paper [1], a fitting velocity field expression was obtained by used conservation of mass.
Figures 1-3 show deceleration-time data, “Forrestal model” in [4] and the model built in this paper.
References [1] WANG Ming-yang, DENG Hong-jian, QIAN Qi-hu.
Int J Impact Eng Vol.28 No. 6: pp:479–497. (2003) [5] LIU Xiao-hu, LIU Ji.
Online since: May 2009
Authors: Ming Chen, Meng Luo, Li Qiu Zhang
Machining characteristics of G3
Compositions of G3 are listed in table 1[6].
Table 1 Chemical composition (wt.%) of G3 Ni Cr Fe C Mn Si Cu Mo Co Nb W Min 21.5 18.0 1.5 6.0 0.2 Max Bal 23.5 21.0 0.015 1.0 1.0 2.5 8.0 5.0 0.5 1.5 Table 2 Physical characteristics of G3 Temperature (°C) Specific heat (J/kgK) Thermal conductivity (W/mK) Elastic modulus (kN/mm 2) Rp0.2 /Rt0.1 (MPa) Coefficient of thermal expansion (MPa) 20 441 11.1 211 100 452 12.6 205 270/290 14.3 200 462 14.3 199 230/260 14.7 300 471 16.0 192 210/240 15.0 400 479 17.7 186 190/220 15.3 500 487 19.3 180 180/210 15.7 600 495 21.0 173 170/200 16.1 700 503 22.6 167 16.5 Table 2 detailed shows the Physical characteristics of G3 [6].
Fig.1 shows the fresh and carbide wear-cutter used in various rough turning conditions.
References [1] C.X.Zhang, Z.H.Zhang:China OCTG Conference (Xi'an, China, June, 2007)
:Cream.Soc, Vol.6840(2007), pp.1-6
Table 1 Chemical composition (wt.%) of G3 Ni Cr Fe C Mn Si Cu Mo Co Nb W Min 21.5 18.0 1.5 6.0 0.2 Max Bal 23.5 21.0 0.015 1.0 1.0 2.5 8.0 5.0 0.5 1.5 Table 2 Physical characteristics of G3 Temperature (°C) Specific heat (J/kgK) Thermal conductivity (W/mK) Elastic modulus (kN/mm 2) Rp0.2 /Rt0.1 (MPa) Coefficient of thermal expansion (MPa) 20 441 11.1 211 100 452 12.6 205 270/290 14.3 200 462 14.3 199 230/260 14.7 300 471 16.0 192 210/240 15.0 400 479 17.7 186 190/220 15.3 500 487 19.3 180 180/210 15.7 600 495 21.0 173 170/200 16.1 700 503 22.6 167 16.5 Table 2 detailed shows the Physical characteristics of G3 [6].
Fig.1 shows the fresh and carbide wear-cutter used in various rough turning conditions.
References [1] C.X.Zhang, Z.H.Zhang:China OCTG Conference (Xi'an, China, June, 2007)
:Cream.Soc, Vol.6840(2007), pp.1-6