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Introduction During sheet metal plastic forming processes, some forming defects often occur on the workpieces, such as fractures, wrinkles, over tolerance on dimensions or abnormal shape, and these would affect the manufacturing quality of workpieces[1].
Moreover, evident shape distortion appears after unloading for the poor shape holding ability induced by the large springback, and seriously affects the geometric accuracy of workpieces.
Uniaxial tensile test was conducted to reveal the mechanical and forming properties of TC2Mδ1.53, respectively on 0º, 45ºand 90º directions, the elastic modulus(E) were 126.2GPa, 118.1 GPa and 115.6GPa , the Poisson's Ratios(µ) were 0.42,0.16 and 0.17, the yield stresses were 754.9 Mpa, 713.2 MPa and 672.5MPa, the normal anisotropy coefficient (r) were 1.72, 2.38 and 2.15,the average strain hardening index (n) was 0.071, the coefficient K in stress strain curve was 957.5 MPa.
Generally speaking, there are three key immanent factors which cause the shape distortion during the cold raising of titanium alloy sheets in room temperature, the first is the low elastic modulus which causes large springback, the second is the different E value at different angle, and the last is the planar anisotropy which induces the unhomogeneous strain distribution.
Second the top surface of the raising specimen is distorted to be a wavy surface too, and the distortion shape is similar as that in the flange. 3) The formation mechanism of shape distortion can be summerized that it is resulted from the co-operating of three inner factors (extrusive anisotropy, low elastic modulus value and directionality of E) during two processes (active deformation and springback processes).

The common etiologies include oral factors, sports activities, falls, violence, and traffic accidents which include pedestrian-, bicycle-, motorcycle-, and car-related injuries [2,9,10].
Bone repair, unlike many other tissues, may result in complete restoration of the biochemical and mechanical properties of the injuried tissue.
The surface properties, such as roughness and hardness of orthodontic archwires may affect the sliding mechanics by influencing the coefficient of friction.
A wire must obey certain properties such as biocompatibility, formability, weldability, low coefficient of friction, resilience, shape memory, low stiffness, and high elastic limit.
Petrisor, Influence of the chemical composition on the mechanical properties of orthodontic archwires.

Sulaiman1,d 1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E.
Machinability is understood as a property of a material that allows for machined under given conditions.
The surface roughness was mostly affected by cutting speed [11].
Vibrational moulding during solidification process has a remarkable effect on the castings properties of metals, alloys, and composites [12].
Many factors affect the surface roughness of a machined part such as properties and constituents of workpiece material, tool geometry, and machine condition.

The aim of present work is to investigate the properties of weld bonded DP600 with KS2 specimen.
The adhesive is applied in thin layers (0.3 mm), to obtain optimal mechanical properties.
Fig. 3 (b), depicting the interface, shows the adhesive deterioration in the heat affected zone (HAZ).
Vickers hardness test across spot weld section Mechanical Testing Results.
SikaPower-498 shows superior properties to resist shear force than spot welds before failure while spot weld show more energy absorption after fracture.

Introduction Interstitial atoms greatly affect the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of metals due to large strain effects produced on the host atoms of metals.
It is still of great interest and importance to have such information for predictions of different properties of interstitial alloys.
The factor δ/T incorporates the temperature dependence of the relaxation strength [12,15].
The relaxation time relevant to the p-th O atom is where kB is the Boltzmann constant and τ0 the pre-exponential factor.
Magalas, Strain-induced interaction of dissolved atoms and mechanical relaxation in solid solutions-A review, Solid State Phenomena 89-90 (2003) 115-140

As one of severe plastic deformation processes, ECAP can improve materials’ mechanical properties by grain refinement [4, 5], and a large number of studies were carried out to identify it [6-8].
Since the strain and deformation homogeneity of the material directly affect its grain refinement during ECAP, and also the mechanical properties, it has important significance to improve process conditions of ECAP.
The isometric crystals which are small and have excellent mechanical properties are formed at the grain boundary because of dynamic recrystallization.
Trinkle, First-principles data for solid-solution strengthening of magnesium: from geometry and chemistry to properties, Acta Mater. 58(2010) 5704-5713
Golovin, Improved mechanical property and internal friction of pure Mg processed by ECAP, Materials Science and Engineering A. 556(2012)588-594

The particle size and quantity of reinforcement affects the mechanical properties of the material.
Rotimi, ‘Improving the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites for structural and biomedical applications’, in Renewable and sustainable composites, IntechOpen London, 2019, pp. 1–27
Xu, ‘Influence of mechanical alloying on the mechanical and tribological properties of SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites’, Optoelectron.
Sharath, ‘A review on effect of multi-directional forging/multi-axial forging on mechanical and microstructural properties of aluminum alloy’, Int.
Majumdar, ‘Influence of carbonaceous agrowastes nanoparticles on physical and Mechanical properties of friction stir processed AA7075-T651 metal matrix composites’, Surf.

Because of many precious physical, chemical and mechanical properties, vanadium is widely used in modern industrial technology, which calls for the strong demand and leads to a rapid development in vanadium extraction technology.
Curve 1-Leaching percent as residue Curve 2-Leaching percent as liquid Fig.2 The effect of curing time on vanadium leaching percent According to Fig.2, vanadium leaching percent is greatly affected by curing time, and rise with the extension of time.
Taken various factors into account, the optimum curing time is 24h.
Curve 1—Leaching percent as residue Curve 2—Leaching percent as liquid Fig.4 The effect of ore size on vanadium leaching percent According to Fig.4, vanadium leaching percent is greatly affected by ore size, the smaller the ore size, the higher the vanadium leaching percent.

All available remedies for those patients are temporary and some of them might result in regeneration of tissues with different properties to the existing one, and hence limited functionality and durability.
Although there are both environmental and genetic factors to consider when patients are diagnosed with OA, the largest contributor to the progression of the disease is joint overload [7].
It was postulated that anisotropic, viscoelastic and inhomogeneous properties that a 3D woven textile embedded in a hydrogel matrix offers, are the requirements for a functional cartilage replacement biomaterial.
Neitzert, Mechanical and tribological properties of a novel hydrogel composite reinforced by three-dimensional woven textiles as a functional synthetic cartilage.
Neitzert, Experimental study on friction and wear properties of interpenetrating polymer network alginate-polyacrylamide hydrogels for use in minimally-invasive joint implants.

The get of superior economic performance and emission properties was more dependent on something such as reasonable choice of target driving conditions, assembly parameter selection and optimization, and strategy design of energy management control and optimization of control parameters [1].
The minimum instantaneous equivalent fuel consumption control strategy (MECS) contained two factors [3].
This feature was used to conduct optimization test of the equivalent fuel conversion factors of minimum control strategy instantaneous equivalent fuel consumption compensation in future condition and the equivalent fuel conversion factors of battery power consumption in the future condition.
Line 1 was the value of，the equivalent fuel conversion factors of battery power consumption in future.
Column 1 was the value of ，the equivalent fuel conversion factors of battery power compensation in future.