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Such phase composition together with rough and porous structure provides the perspective surface for cells attachment and ingrowth to create strong connection between implant and bone tissue.
By MAO treatment it is possible to coat complex shaped materials, like dental screws [13] or to incorporate silver nanoparticles in the coatings structure to introduce antibacterial properties [14].
These precipitates covered most of the pores (Figs 1e and 1f) and formed nano-rough “spongy” structure at the surface (Fig. 2b).
Wang, Surface modifications of bone implants through wet chemistry, J.
Heimann, Structure, propertie , and biomedical performance of osteoconductive bioceramic coatings, Surf.

The crystal phase of Li[Ni(1/3-x)Mn(1/3-x)Co(1/3-x)Mx]O2 (M=Fe, Mg, Al) was resulted in layered rock salt structure with R3m space group by calcinations at 1023 K for 10 h.
Although the theoretical capacity of spinel LiMn2O4 is much lower than those of layered structures such as LiCoO2 and LiNiO2.
The crystal phases of all samples were resulted in layered rock salt structure with R3m space group.
The crystal phase of Li[Ni(1/3-x)Mn(1/3-x)Co(1/3-x)Mx]O2 (M=Fe, Mg, Al) was resulted in layered rock salt structure with R3m space group after calcinations at 1023 K for 10 h.
Hirai, Chemistry Express, 7 (1992) , p. 193

It was found that the synthesized n-HA crystals were similar to bone apatite in size, phase composition and crystal structure.
Overall it can be said that, the disappearance of the peaks -OH and HPO42 ,relatively at 630cm-1 and 873.61cm-1 ,confirm the possibility that chemistry bonding might formed between -OH、HPO42of n-HA crystal and the group of PC.
Compared to pure n-HA, the structure of n-HA in composite has no obvious changes, the n-HA in the composite is poorly crystallized apatite structure, which is similarly to two apatite in natural bone [11-12].
Results are shown in Tab.1 Tab. 1 Crystal size of HA Sample 2 Theta,(°) Line width,FWHM(rad) Average crystallite size Dhkl(nm) (002) (300) (002) (300) (002) (300) n-HA 25.8745 32.8340 0.00419 0.01332 33.5 10.7 n-HA/PC 25.8359 32.9485 0.00869 0.00534 16.1 26.7 From Tab. 1, n-HA crystal shape has changed from length columnar crystal to short columnar crystal, which is more similar to ideal n-HA crystal structure.
The n-HA crystals used in this study were similar to bone apatite crystals in morphology, phase composition and crystal structure.

Preparation of repeatable cement compacts may contribute to quantitively research of processing, structure and properties of cement materials.
Introduction For metals, ceramics and polymers, quantitative models between processing, structure and properties have been accomplished, and can be used to predict or design their new products.
For cement-based materials, their processing-structure-property relationships are extremely complex.
A brief review on capillary absorption of liquid by powder compact In compacted structure of powders, pores between powders can be envisioned as bundles of homogeneous capillaries [2, 3, 4].
Weight of ethanol being absorbed through unit section area (cm2) of the structure and corresponding time (s) were recorded by electronic balance and data logging unit.

The micro organizational structure of coating is studied in combination with SEM, EDS and other tests to search for corrosion-resistant principle of the coating in an attempt to improve the corrosion-resistance of the exhaust pipe of the engine. 1.
Comparatively Cl - ions in corrosion medium have a notable acceleration effect on high temperature corrosion of exhaust pipes. 3.2 Result of micro organization test of electro-thermo explosion spray coating Cut open the FeCrAlRE coatings in the direction of the cross section before and after the high temperature chlorination corrosion, seal them with epoxy resin, flatten the cross section of the coating by grinding and polish it, thus a specimen for analysis is made, the micro organizational structure of which is then observed with an SEM.
The coating produced by this technique has dense organization and extremely low porosity, which can form micron grains, even millimicron grain structure.
(2) Under high temperature conditions, the corrosion resistance performance of FeCrAlRE coating is notably better than that of the base material and FeAl and FeCrAl coatings, which indicated that the addition of RE element had the effects to make the organizational structure of the coating finer and to improve density and glossiness of the coating.
Beijing: Chemistry Industry Press. (2004) [4]Liu Z D, Yang K, Duan P, ect.

Zhao1,2,3, f 1School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P.
The formation mechanism and the structure-property relationship of Pd hollow spheres were discussed based on the experimental results.
Electrocatalytic activity of Pd depends intensively on the size, shape and structure of the samples [9-11].
Usually, Pd hollow structures were synthesized using the spheric or tubular templates [12,13].
This should be attributed to the unique structure of Pd hollow spheres, which are composed of nanocrystals with well crystalline nature.

The structure of the organic electroluminescent device is ITO/α-NPD/ Alq/DDPQL/LiF/Al.
The unique electronic structure makes it have great application prospects in the field of optoelectronics materials [9,12]. (4) Triazines. 1,3,5-triazine has higher electron affinity than 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole.
Fig. 1 The synthesis of bis (2,3-diphenylquinoxaline) The EL device has the structure of a glass/ITO/α-NPD(50nm)/Alq(30nm)/DDPQL(30nm)/ LiF (0.5nm)/Al(100nm), was shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 Structure of EL device and molecular structure of organic materials used Results and discussion Decomposition temperature and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out using a Perkin-Elmer TGA7 at a heating rate of 20ºC min.
Holmes: Nature Vol. (1990), p. 347 [4] Wang Xin, Shen Juan and Xu Hongyao: Journal of Functional Materials Vol. 39(2008), p.1555 [5] Zhang Xiaobing, Zhang Zimin, Zhang Yugui and Li Min: Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry Vol. 29(2009), p.297 [6] Peng Zhang, Benchen Tang, Wenjing Tian, Bing Yang and Min Li: Mater.

The results show that hydrolyzates of manganese sulfate are oxidized slowly by air, furthermore, their oxidization rate less depends on temperature and acidity in the ranges of their respective certain values, but the oxidization rate for hydrolyzates of manganese sulfate can be increased significantly by adding some additives, activatiing hydrolyzates or changing molecular structure of hydrolyzates.
It is a good substitute of high purity manganese carbonate because of its fine performances in physical chemistry.
Improvement of oxidization of manganese hydrolyzates It is seen from the results as described earlier that oxidization rate of manganese hydrolyzates is too small to favor the commercial product.The rate may be improved by adding some additives to solution or changing molecular structure of hydrolyzate.
Experimental results show that the hydrolyzates can be activated by thermal-treating to change their molecular structures.
Thermal-treatment can lead to a change in molecular structures of hydrolyzates of manganese sulfate as shown by the following activating reaction (7) and reaction (8): Mn2+ + 2OH- + nH2O = Mn(OH)2.nH2O (5) 2Mn2+ + 2OH- + SO42- + nH2O = Mn2(OH)2SO4.mH2O (6) Mn(OH)2.nH2O = Mn(OH)2.xH2O + yH2O (7) Mn2(OH)2SO4.mH2O = Mn2(OH)2SO4.aH2O + bH2O (8) The hydrolyzates of manganese sulfate after activation are oxidized easily to trimanganese tetroxide by air.

By adjusting flux of fuel and the structure of micro premixed combustor, the heat loss of MTGD was reduced and output power was improved in a degree.
The structure and volume of combustor are important factors for MTGD, combustion efficiency and stability of the flame are determinants for output power and efficiency of MTGD [4~5].
Structure of micro premixed combustor Micro combustion of gas fuel is a fiery chemistry reaction between fuel and oxygen and easily disturbed by environment.
On the other hand, temperature on the side of combustor (c ) (b ) (d ) (a ) Fig.3 Temperature distribution in combustor Fig. 2 Meshed model of initial premixed micro combustor Premixed and combustion room Thermal exchange room Fig. 1 Structure of initial micro premixed flat combustor is 600K~900K.
According with the structure of two simulation models above, two micro combustors were manufactured.

It is known that positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) maintains a strong position among the matter’s structure research methods.
This mechanism is inhibited by capturing of either track electrons or positron itself by defective structures, i.e. the mechanism should be nature- or defects concentration-sensitive.
Before the annihilation the positron is located mainly in the areas with an ordered structure and a positronium atom - in the areas with a disordered (random) structure.
Razov: Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry eyes of Youth (2013) pp. 61-62 [5].
Grafutin V., Prokopiev E.: Application by positron annihilation spectroscopy to study the structure of matter, Successes Physical Sciences,Vol. 172 (2002), pp. 69-72