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Area of the object was the total number of pixels shared by the object in the image
(2) In the type(2): stood for was perimeter of the object, was Area of the object, was the total number of pixels whose four neighborhoods were all object pixels
was the number of the training samples Table 2 Fuzzy recognition results of the nine samples to be recognized Sample D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 Species 1 0.14534 0.00004 0.00037 0.03340 0.00173 0.00111 1 2 0.13529 2 3 0.31579 0.00016 0.00103 3 4 0.18024 4 5 0.00424 0.13905 0.00077 5 6 0.00024 0.00133 0.14866 0.01610 6 7 0.75697 7 8 0.01090 0.00001 0.18247 8 9 0.15792 9 The fuzzy membership that the pest X belonged to the ith species was as following
The system could identify the nine species of pests that harmed seriously to stored grain, and the recognition accuracy was over 86%.
Image Recognition and Classification of the Stored-grain Pests Based on Support Vector Machine[J].

In order to reduce the likelihood of these problems, cement stone must conform to a number of requirements.
With an increase in the number of such pores, strength of cement stone decreases. [3] For concrete, one of the main characteristics is permeability.
Fig. 2-3 show diverse grain size distribution of silica fume.
Nanosilica microstructure (magnification 400x) Studies of the particle size of silica fume with a laser diffraction analyzer “Microsizer 201” gave the following results of the grain size in a microsilica sample (Table 1).
As we can see from Fig. 5-6, the number of pores in the cement stone sample and the amount of silicon dioxide differ.

Table 1 The Loess physical nature indicators table` Soil sample category proportion Optimum moisture content（%）） Maximum dry density（g/cm3) grain composition Liquid limit Plastic limit 0.075 0.075-0.002 0.002 A 2.70 10 1.981 9.24 90.12 12.94 27.5 6.4 B 2.53 10 1.952 15.22 69.38 15.4 32.3 11.4 C 2.70 11.4 1.810 0.24 99.06 0.7 30.8 15.3 D 2.70 9.3 1.952 1.46 98.34 0.2 19.4 7.3 E 2.67 9.3 1.923 8 79.03 12.97 27.1 9.2 Particle of five soil samples was mainly concentrated in between 0.075 ~ 0.002 mm, silt content is more than 50% and clay content is small.
Soaking CBR test results analysis （a）Compaction number is 30 times （b）Compaction number is 50 times （c）Compaction number is 75 times （d）Compaction number is 98 times Ffig 1 The relationship between soaking CBR and moisture content in different numbers compaction condition Can be seen from the fig 1, (1) five kinds of loess soil sample under different compaction number of roughly present the same change trend: CBR presented firstly increasing then decreasing with the increasing of water content; (2) Soaking CBR value increased with the increasing of degree of compaction.
The test result analysis of resilient modulus （a）Compaction number is 30 times （b）Compaction number is 50 times （c）Compaction number is 75 times （d）Compaction number is 98 times Fig 2 The relationship between resilient modulus and moisture content In different numbers compaction condition Can be seen from the fig 2, change law of five kinds of soil samples under different compaction times basically keep consistent:（1） Under the condition of same number of compaction, resilient modulus is decreased with the increasing of moisture content;（2）When moisture content is greater than the optimum moisture content，the relationship between the compaction times and resilient modulus is different.

The microstructure of the composite changes gradually, and the size of TiN grains increases from the verge region of samples to the centre of samples.
It is seen that the microstructure of region a and region b is TiN/Al2O3 eutectic structure with a great number of Al2O3 particles.
The microstructure of region c is TiN/Al2O3 hypoeutectic structure with a great number of TiN particles.

Emphasis is placed on factors which determine the final grain size in a billet.
Self-organization and synergetic principles of controlling in casting process A fundamental principle of the newest technologies is creation of conditions for spontaneous advent of a large number of nuclei and for hindrance to their growth on the basis of interactions between the adjacent particles due to co-operative movement of substance in liquid and semisolid volumes.
The way to the use synergetic principles are: - separate solidification of a portion of the metal at relatively small undercoolings with crystals growth in a natural (usually dendrite) forms; - the dendrites fragmentation by the fluid flow at relatively small superheat and creation a large number of nuclei; - grow the survived solid fragments under controlled conditions.

With the great advancement of technology in the last decade and with the greater number of engineering materials which are now available, together with the increasing pressure to produce more economic and get reliable products an integrated approach which considers design, material selection and the appropriate manufacturing process makes it easier to achieve the optimum product that combines the functional requirements with the reliability at competitive cost.
Due to the fact that the number of materials available to the engineering designer is very large in empirical approach, graphical methods have been applied to the problem.
There are considerable number of design methods and tools available to support the designer(s).
A large number of design tools and to a lesser extent design methods are now available as commercial computer application.
The most recent development in this group is the micrograin carbide tool materials where very fine grain carbides of tungsten, titanium and tantalum are produced with a grain size ranging from 0.2-0.8 µm.

To a certain steel, more fine grain, the stronger the antioxidant capacity.
(2) where：——The critical temperature drop range; —— Grain boundary fracture energy —— Oxide skin thickness; ——Modulus of elasticity; ——Linear expansion coefficient of metal; ——Linear expansion coefficient of the oxide skin; ——Poisson's ratio.
Conclusion With a large number of supercritical unit put into operation, boiler tube explosion accidents is a frequent occurrence due to oxide spalling plugging.
Steam Oxidation of Fine-Grain Steels[J].

According to our previous data, Ag target current was constant at 2.1 A to obtain a a:C-Ag16.7% film whose Ag content was 16.7 at% and whose Ag grain size was about 23.4 nm.
X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis incorporating with the use of Scherrer formula [11] allowed the determination of the Ag grain size.
They also illustrate that increase in the pulsed bias voltage results in an increase in grain size and a more random oriented distribution of the carbon nanograins.
Fig.4b displays a number of severe spalling traces within the Ag-DLC deposited with -60 V, implying its low fracture toughness.

First, the IF is decreasing a bit (A -Fig. 3b), then it is growing until the critical stress amplitude εcr2 at which the microplastic deformation of suitable oriented grains occurs is achieved (B -Fig. 3b).
In the first cycle the increase of IF was found to be relatively small, because the microplastic deformation takes place only in some grains with suitable orientation.
In the next cycles, the number of grains, in which the deformation amplitude overcomes the critical value, gradually increases.

Experimental methods Raw materials for experiments include CNTs and analytically pure (99%) AIN powder with mean grain size of 4.51 μm .
Factors that affect the thermal conductivity include AlN crystal internal defects, grain boundary state, the second phase distribution along the grain boundary, and porosity, etc.
Poor density will imply a large number of pores and defects in the composite ceramic, which leads to increases of the phonon dispersion cross-section, and, therefore, the thermal conductivity will be decreased significantly.