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Contact angles measurement, SEM, XRD, EDS and XPS were employed to analyze the surface morphologies, molecular composition, phase structure and wettability of the coatings formed on Mg alloy substrate.
Morphology and Structure of Anodic Film The morphology and microstructure of the anodic films were observed with a Hitachi S-800 scanning electron microscope (SEM), the phase structure and the composition of the coating films were identified with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS).
Ke, “Structure and formation mechanism of phosphate conversion coating on die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy,” Corrosion Science, 50 (2008), 329-337
Okido, Self-assembled monolayers formed on AZ31 Mg alloy, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 73, 7, (2012). p. 863-866

Photo- and Thermo- Dual-responsive Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials Xinde Tang1, a, Ye Chen2, Faqi Yu2, and Meishan Pei2 1School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250023, China 2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Ji’nan, Jinan 250002, China axdtang8033@163.com Keywords: Photo-responsive; Thermo-responsive; Stimulus-reponsive polymer; hybrid material Abstract.
Compared with the polymeric materials, these hybrid materials can form aggregates in aqueous solution with much more stable shape-persistance due to the inorganic structure, which facilitate the mass delivery and long-term life.
Compared with the polymeric materials, these hybrid materials can form aggregates in aqueous solution with much more stable shape-persistance due to the inorganic structure, which facilitate the mass delivery and long-term life [6].
The atomic layer of the polyorganosiloxane surface imparts higher morphological stability than conventional liposomes while the liposomal bilayer structure leads to lower rigidity and density compared to silica nanoparticles [11].
On the other hand, the hybrid materials can form vesicles in aqueous solution with much more stable shape-persistance due to the inorganic structure, which facilitate the mass delivery and long-term life.

The microstructure and crystal structure of the coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD.
The morphology, composition and structure of BN coating were investigated by XRD，SEM and XPS.
The crystal structure of BN coating was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku D/max-RB12, Japan).
Powder sample (homogeneous mixture of boric acid and urea powder with equal mole fraction) was used to find out the composition and structure of the BN coating.
Fernandez, Journal of Physics and Chemistry, 1996, (100):2148-2153

STM studies of these samples reveal the porous structure and display small, pseudo-spherical shaped crystals in the range of 2 and 100 nm, 2 and 50 nm, and similar average corrugation of 9 nm for pZn and oxidized p-Zn.
Many techniques are used to produce ZnO as single crystals, as powders, and as thin films, including sol-gel chemistry, spray pyrolysis, metal organic chemical vapor deposition, D.C. and/or RF sputtering, thermal evaporation, spark processing, and anodic etching of Zn [2~8].
Further, the origin of luminescence and energy structures obtained for p- Zn and oxidized ZnO will be discussed briefly.
The stoichiometric zinc oxide crystallizes with a wurtzite structure and displays needle-shaped crystals.
In order to elucidate the interplay between the oxidation and evolution of the blue/violet luminescence to the UV emission band and also between PL and electronic structures, p- Zn as well as oxidized p- Zn is investigated by STS.

Synthesis of Diaryl Pyrrolones Derivatives as Combretastatin A-4 Li Weia Guo-Yuan Lub* Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, P.
The structure of the new compounds was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis.
Therefore, CA-4 is a very attractive lead compound because of the relatively simple structure and the strong potency against a broad spectrum of human cancer cell lines.
The data of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS spectra and elemental analysis are in accord with the assigned structures. 1a R=OMe, 1b R=F 2a R=OMe, 2b R=F Fig. 1 Synthesis of 3, 4-diarylpyrrolindiones and 3, 4-diarylpyrrolinones To evaluate the anti-tumor activity, HL-60, SMMC-7721 and A549B16 cells were exposed to different concentrations of the compounds for 72 h.
The structure of these new compounds was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis.

Roccaforte1,l* 1Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII, n.5 Zona Industriale, I-95121 Catania, Italy 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, Italy 3Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Italy 4NOVASiC, Savoie Technolac, BP267, F-73375 Le Bourget-du-Lac Cedex, France amonia.spera@imm.cnr.it, bgiuseppe.greco@imm.cnr.it, craffaella.lonigro@imm.cnr.it, dsalvatore.difranco@imm.cnr.it, edomenico.corso@imm.cnr.it, fpatrick.fiorenza@imm.cnr.it, gfilippo.giannazzo@imm.cnr.it, hmzielinski@novasic.com, ifrancesco.lavia@imm.cnr.it, l*fabrizio.roccaforte@imm.cnr.it Keywords: Ohmic contacts, 3C-SiC, Ni2Si, Ti/Al/Ni Abstract.
The values of the specific contact resistance rc estimated by means of circular TLM (C-TLM) structures varied in the range of 10-3-10-5 Wcm2, depending on the doping level of the 3C-SiC layer.
Circular TLM (C-TLM) structures, defined by lithography and metal lift-off, were used for electrical characterization of the contacts.
Total resistance RTOT as a function of the pad distance of C-TLM structures in 950 °C annealed Ni and Ti/Al/Ni contacts to 3C-SiC.
The values of rc estimated by C-TLM structures varied in the range of 10-3-10-5 Wcm2, depending on the doping level of the 3C-SiC epilayer.

By means of x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, the morphologies and phase structures of coating were analyzed.
After heat-treating of coating, the coating structure is changed.
The precipitation of P atoms makes them aggregate on the specific crystal faces, and adapt to the Ni structure, and therefore, the common lattice relationship is formed.
Due to our small and compact structure of the coating, uniform force occurs into the coating, which prevents the coating from blistering or removal.
Stephen: Materials Chemistry and Physics.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the typically layer structure of the material.
In the M2AX phases, every third layer is an A-group element layer[1].It is the presence of this structure that endows these solids with a unique combination of metallic and ceramic properties, such as relatively soft,easily machinability, high thermal and electrical conductivities, thermal shock resistant, and damage tolerant [2,3].
It can be explained by the crystalline structure of Ti2SC.From Fig.4(b) we can see that Ti2SC crystals grows alone c-axes.
Fom SEM observation, we could see the typically layer structure as well as crystallographic growth of Ti2SC alone c-axes.
Barsoum: Progress in Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 28 (2000), p.201

The structure and relative stereochemistry of two compounds were identified as (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E, 10E)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2′-hydroxy palmitoyl] amino-4, 8, 10-octadeca-tri-ene (1) and (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy -2-(palmitoyl)amino-4, 8-octadeca-di-ene (2) by means of spectroscopic (1H, 13C, and 2D NMR; MS).
These data suggested a sphingosine-type sphingolipid structure possessing hydroxy fatty acids [9] and three ethylenic groups [10, 11].
These data suggest that 1 has the similar structure with that of phalluside 4 besides the difference of the amount of (CH2)s.
On the basis of the above evidence, the structure of 1 was therefore established as (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E, 10E)- 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)- 2′-hydroxy palmitoyl] amino-4, 8, 10-octadeca-tri-ene.
Kong: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Vol. 16 (2008), p. 2912

The computing program FULPROF [17] was used to refine the structure.
Results Structure refinement Fig. 1 Final Rietveld plot of CaP.
Therefore, the structure refinement was done in the space group P63/m (176) with the starting structural model of HAp.
The values of peak base width shows that the structure of this sample is poorly ordered as well as nanosized crystallites (Table 1).
Dowker: Journal of Solid State Chemistry Vol. 174 (2003), p. 132