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The cutting tests were carried under dry condition using two flute square end micro grain carbide end mills.
Development of the cutting force model by Response surface Methodology To establish an adequate functional relationship between the responses (like surface roughness, cutting force, tool wear) and the cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut), a large number of experimental tests are needed for each and every combination of cutting parameters.
The machine tool was used as a two flute square end micro grain solid carbide end mill.

Comparing the effect of number of explosive on the cullet size, obtained cullet size decreases as the number of explosive charges increases.
Cullet size distribution for serial arrangements Number of explosive Serial arrangement Arrangement on concentric circle Shape of explosive Stick Sphere Inside of a bottle Air Explosive type PETN Number of explosive 1 2 3 1 1 Number of bottle 1 1 2 3 4 Conditions A B C D E F G H Fig.2.
Referring the effect of the number of specimens on the cullet size, obtained cullet size decreases as the number of specimen increases.
Comparing the effect of number of bottle on cullet size, the weight ratio of the each class of cullet sizes are almost all constant regardless the number of bottle to be crashed.
Snapshot of analysis results Conclusion The relation between power of underwater shockwave and cullet grain size distribution were discussed and the effectiveness of the "Cullet generation technique by using underwater shockwave" was confirmed.

If isothermal crystallization is considered, parameter Q is determined by using the following relation: Q=Q0×e-N∆GcRT×e-EnRT (1) Symbols in eq. 1 have following significations: - Q – rate on which the grain number increases from 1030 to 1035 germs/cm3, - N – Loschmidt’s number, - Qn – activation energy necessary to pass an atom over the limits of nucleus, - ΔGc – amount of free energy required to form nuclei having radii equal to critical radius.
Ru, Interfacial structural characteristics and grain-size limits in nano-crystalline materials crystallized from amorphous solids, Physical Review, B, 1 January 1995-1, pp. 18-27
Shen, A correlation method for determination of crystallization mechanism and activation energy of amorphous alloy, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A, Volume 29, Number 1, 1998, pp. 149-151.

The phenomena of water quality deterioration is that breed a large number of algae and other aquatic life, reduce water transparency and reduce dissolved oxygen in the water.
The distance between two fine screen bar is 0.01m, grille angle is 600, the interval number of grille is 70 (two groups), grid slag quantity is 1.73 m3/d. 2) Grit chamber The bigger grains will be detached for the first time when sewage turn into the grit chamber for precipitation.
The specific gravity of sand grains which removed by grit chamber is above 2.65, and the main particle size for above 0.2.
So SBR processing cycle for eight hours, the number of treatment for three times every day, take n=4 pool alternating operation.

Fig.1 The train-track-subgrade analysis model 1) To assume the number of the wheelset of whole train is N, among which the initial position of pseudo-static of the n-th wheelset is ,and supposed that dynamic deflection curve equation of single wheelset can be expressed as ,according to Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory, the differential control equation of can be obtained based on the train-track-subgrade system analysis model, which is shown as follows: (1) Where E is elastic modulus of rail, I is inertia moment of rail section, is quality of unit length rail, is spring stiffness of roadbed, c is damping coefficient, and is respectively pseudo-static and wheel-rail contact forces of n-th wheel set, v is train speed, is Dirac function. 2) Respective differential control equation under different loading including pseudo-static and wheel-rail contact forces are then derived from equation (1), and then, to solve these differential control equations
b) Dynamic deflection curve equation under wheel-rail contact forces (3) whereis amplitude of wheel-rail contact forces, wherein, is Hertz contact stiffness, is amplitude of track irregularity, is flexibility coefficient of track, is flexibility coefficient of wheel,is corresponding circular frequency of wavelength of track irregularity, is pole of the contour integral, others are same as above. 3) To define new coordinate, on the basis of equation (2) and (3), dynamic deflection curve equation under train load can be expressed as follows: (4) So the loading which is produced by the n-th wheel set on the track at the point can be expressed as follows: (5) where is the maximum deflection of sleeper, is the number
of sleeper in the range of effective track deflection curve, k is the number of sleeper, d is the width of sleeper, others are same as above. 4) According to the superposition principle, the loading which is generated by the N wheelsets on the track can be obtained as follows: (6) According to the train formation of Xi’an metro line 2 and equation(6), at first, the calculation parameters including the amplitude of track irregularity, the wavelength of track irregularity, Hertz contact stiffness, spring stiffness of roadbed and so on should be determined, based on these, time-history curves of metro-vibration loading acts on tunnel structure at different speeds(as shown in Fig.2 ~Fig.5) is obtained by using corresponding calculation program, which is implemented by Matlab produce platform.
Table2 The permitted oscillatory velocity of historic timber structure Protection rank Position of controlled point Direction of controlled point The permitted vibration velocity [mm/s] Wave speed parallel to the grain[m/s] ＜3600 3600～4900 ＞4900 The key places of historic sites under State Protection Column top Horizontal 0.18 0.21 0.24 The key places of historic sites under Province Protection Column top Horizontal 0.25 0.30 0.34 The key places of historic sites under City or county Protection Column top Horizontal 0.29 0.34 0.39 Wave speed parallel to grain of Xi’an Bell Tower timber structure is 4490m/s, and Xi'an Bell Tower is a national key unit to be protected.

Table 1 Comparison of three kinds of Foundation treatment methods Methods Content Percussive compation with precipitation Dynamic compaction with precipitation packless ibroflotation Working principle Using special vibration Blunt machine with pr- ecapitation, make soil rearrange density Using impact type dy- namic loading with r- ainfall, make soil clo- se-grained Using high frequency vibration force, make soil liquefaction and rearrange density Depth of processing <4m <10m <7m Main machinery Impact roller Hammer, Crane Vibrator, Crane Workload each mac- hine-team About 1000~2000 square meters About 800~1000 square meters About 300~500 square meters Cost each square m- eters (including pre- cipitation cost) About 30~38yuan About 30~40yuan About 35~50yuan Purpose Make the soil close-grained; Improve the intensity of the foundation soil; Improve the bearing capacity of the foundation Quality inspection methods Standard penetration test, static cone penetration
Table 2 Project and quantity monitored Project Layered settlement monitoring Pore water pres- sure monitoring Water level monitoring Vibration detection Inclinometer monitoring Serial number CJ1~CJ2 ST1~ST3 SW1~SW2 ZD1~ZD4 CX1~CX3 Quantity 2 3 2 5 3 Layered settlement monitoring.
Table 3 The main monitoring equipment Name of the equipment Type Test content Layered settlement gauge JTM-8000 steel settlement instrument Layered settlement JTM-H8800A settlement gauge magnetic ring Pore water pressure gauge JTM-V3000 pore water pressure gauge Pore water pressure Frequency receiving apparatus of the steel string type ZXY series 2D Water gage of the steel string type SWJ90 series Groundwater level Data acquisition and analysis sys- tem CRAS vibration testing system Vibration Precise leveling instrument DS2 Standard high Table 4 Wire length of pore pressure gauge Number of pore pressure gauge ST1-1 ST1-2 ST1-3 ST2-1 ST2-2 ST2-3 ST3-1 ST3-2 ST3-3 Wire length[m] 24 31 34 24 31 34 19 27 30 Environmental effects monitoring.
During the construction, the engineer should check the distance of fall, the number of ramming, the position of points and the ramming range.

Table 2 The basic properties of the shale ceramsite concrete Grain shape Packing density Apparent density Water absorption rate at1h Grain diameter Cylindrical compress strength Macadam 802(kg/m3) 1396(kg/m3) 4% 10~26 (mm) 3.4(Mp) Fine aggregate: natural river sand from a sand field in Kaifu District, Changsha.
Table 3 Mixing ratio of shale ceramsite concrete Number Water absorption Time(h) Weight of ceramsite(kg) Weight of cement(kg) Weight of sand(kg) Weight of water(kg) D1 24 520 450 844.7 180 D2 24 520 400 844.7 180 D3 1 478 450 844.7 180 Experiment Scheme Test Specimens Formation and Maintenance.
After being weight and numbered, they were placed into refrigerator. 50mm gap should be kept between specimens
Table 4 Experimental results Number  Weight loss (%) Strength loss (%) 25 50 100 25 50 100 D1 0.28 0.40 1.00 0.00 5.73 6.25 D2 0.42 0.54 1.10 0.00 7.32 8.57 D3 0.45 0.57 1.50 0.00 5.79 7.14 From the data in Table 4, with the freeze-thaw frequency increasing, weight loss and strength loss of D1, D2 and D3 grow larger and larger, in line with the law of general concrete.

The number density of the large VC particles is approximately 1013 cm-3.
(a) Grain structure and (b) stacking faults in RQM SME steel 0.20C-18Mn-2Si-1V.
The particles are often surrounded by tangles of dislocations; the plates of ε phase and the large number of stacking faults are present (Fig 16 b).
More-coarse precipitations of the carbides Cr23C6 are also observed along grain boundaries in the steels with 14% chromium (рис. 16 c).
The reversible deformation diminishes to 1.6-1.7% with an increase in the number of bendings from three to five (Тabl. 7).

Then the mechanical component of the number of a droplet impacts is expressed as N3 = f (rkr /rm).
The structural component for the number of droplet impacts N3 has two aspects.
In general case, the grain size is considered as such an element, and for thin coatings its thickness is considered.
Another aspect involves the fact that within the grain or coating there may be various obstacles to the movement of dislocations: particles of secondary phases, low-angle boundaries, dislocations fixed by atmospheres, packing defects, lattice resistance (Peierls stress).
Therefore, the structural component of the number of collisions must take into account both of these aspects.

Moreover, there are large numbers of high density dislocations and the generated extensive micro-nano subgrains around Al2O3 particles.
So a large numbers of high density dislocations are formed around the particles.
However, there are large numbers of subgrains appearing in the as-cast composites.
Therefore the grains of Al matrix are refined by these subgrains, this effect is also contribute to increased stiffness, good creep performance, fatigue resistance, and wear resistance.
Moreover, there is no impurity existed at the interfaces between reinforcement particles and matrix. 2) There are large numbers of high density dislocations around Al2O3 particles, which further induce extensive fine subgrains to generate.