High-Strength Precipitation-Hardening Austenitic Steels with Shape Memory Effect

Abstract:

It has been shown that the conversion of austenitic manganese steels – via their purposeful alloying – into the class of precipitation-hardening materials (when aging leads to the formation of VC carbides) provides for high values (2.5-2.7 %) of the shape memory effect (SME) and considerable improvement in strength characteristics of the steels after aging and implementation of γ→ε→γ transformations. Strength characteristics and SME can be governed in wide limits by means of controlled changing of the amount, dispersity, and distribution of VC carbides during aging. The shape memory effect with a reversible deformation of 1.6—1.7% in the metastable steels such as 0.20C-20Mn-2Si-1V with an ε–martensite initial structure is obtained as a result of the retwinning of ε martensite during cold deformation and the subsequent ε→γ transformation during heating.

• Periodical: Materials Science Foundations (Volumes 81-82)
• Pages: 575-599
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSFo.81-82.575
• Online since: March 2015
• Authors: V.V. Sagaradze*, S.V. Afanas’ev
• Keywords: Austenitic Steel, Phase Transformation, Precipitation Hardening, Shape Memory Effects (SME), Strengthening, VC Carbide, ε Martensite

References

[1] B.I. Nikolkin, L.I. Lysak, and Yu.N. Makogon, Martensitic phase diagrams of manganese steels, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 32 (1971) 200-203.

[2] V.I. Zel'dovich, A.I. Uvarov, T.P. Vasechkina, et al., Martensitic transformations during deformation, and mechanical properties of austenitic chromium-manganese steels. I. Dilatation effects during e -g transformation in deformed steels, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 40 (1975).

[3] R. Enami, A. Nagasawa, and S. Nenno, Reversible shape memory effect, Scr. Metall. 9 (1975) 941-948.

DOI: 10.1016/0036-9748(75)90549-9

[4] N.A. Tereshchenko, V.V. Sagaradze, A.I. Uvarov, and K.A. Malyshev, Aging steels with a structure of ε-martensite, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 53 (1971) 110-116.

[5] K. Murakami, H. Otsuka, H. G. Suzuki, and S. Matsuda, Complete shape memory effect in polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Si, in: Materials of conference ICOMAT-86, Ed. by Imao Tamura, Japanese Institute of Metals, Sendai, 1987, 985-988.

[6] A. Baruj, T. Kikuchi, S. Kadjiwara, and N. Shinya, Improved shape memory properties and internal structures in Fe-Mn-Si-based alloys containing Nb and C, J. Phys. IV. 112 (2003) 373-376.

DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2003904

[7] V.V. Sagaradze, E.V. Belozerov, M.L. Mukhin, Yu.R. Zainutdinov, N.L. Pecherkina, and V.A. Zavalishin, A new approach to creation of high-strength austenitic steels with a controlled shape memory effect, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 101 (2006) 506-512.

DOI: 10.1134/s0031918x06050127

[8] V.V. Sagaradze, A.I. Uvarov, Strengthening and properties of austenitic steels, Ural branch RAS, Ekaterinburg, (2013).

[9] Z.Z. Dong, S. Kajiwara, T. Kikuchi, and T. Sawaguchi, Effect of pre-deformation at room temperature on shape memory properties of stainless type Fe-15Mn-9Cr-5Ni-(0. 5-l . 0) NbC alloys, Acta Mater. 53 (2005) 4009- 4018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.04.035

[10] Yu.N. Koval', V.V. Kokorin, Tetragonality of carbon-free martensite, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 39 (1975) 129-133.

[11] Yu.I. Chumlyakov, I.V. Kireeva, E. Yu. Panchenko, et al., Shape memory effects in FeNiCoTi single crystals undergoing g —a' thermoelastic martensitic transformations, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 394 (2004) 54-57.

DOI: 10.1134/1.1648092

[12] J. Ma, B. Kockar, A. Evirgen, I. Karaman, Z.P. Luo, Y.I. Chumlyakov, Shape memory behavior and tension-compression asymmetry of a FeNiCoAlTa single-crystalline shape memory alloy, Acta Materialia. 60 (2012) 2186-2195.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.047

[13] V.V. Sagaradze, I.I. Kositsyna, M.L. Mukhin, Ye.V. Belozerov, Yu.R. Zainutdinov, High-strength precipitation-hardening austenitic Fe-Mn-V-Mo-C steels with shape memory effect, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 481-482 (2008) 747-751.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.158

[14] V.V. Sagaradze, Ye.V. Belozerov, N.L. Pecherkina, et al., The shape memory effect in high-strength precipitation-hardening austenitic steels, Mater. Sci. Eng.A. 438-440 (2006) 812-815.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.01.113

[15] V.V. Sagaradze, M.L. Mukhin, E.V. Belozerov, et al., Controlled shape memory effect in high strength Mn and Cr-Mn steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 481-482 (2008) 742-746.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.155

[16] V.V. Sagaradze, V.I. Voronin, Yu.I. Filippov, V.A. Kazantsev, M.L. Mukhin, E.V. Belozerov, N.L. Pecherkina, N.V. Kataeva, and A.G. Popov, Martensitic transformations γ - ε (α) and the shape memory effect in aging high-strength manganese austenitic steels, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 106 (2008).

DOI: 10.1134/s0031918x08120120

[17] J.S.T. Van Aswegen and R.W.K. Honeycombe, Segregation and precipitation in stacking faults, Acta Met. 10 (1962) 262-264.

DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(62)90129-3

[18] V.G. Gavriljuk, V.V. Bliznuk, V.D. Shanina, and S.P. Kolesnik, Effect of silicon on atomic distribution and shape memory in Fe-Mn base alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A. 406 (2005) 1-10.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.043

[19] I.I. Kositsyna, V.V. Sagaradze, O.N. Khakimova, Specific features of precipitation hardening of austenitic steels with different matrixes: II. Kinetics and mechanism of carbide precipitation, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 84 (1997) 87-94.

[20] K. Ullakko, J.K. Huang, C. Kantner, R.C. O'Handley, and V.V. Kokorin, Large magnetic-field-induced strains in Ni2MnGa single crystals, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 (1996) 1966-(1968).

DOI: 10.1063/1.117637

[21] A.G. Popov, E.V. Belozerov, V.V. Sagaradze, N.L. Pecherkina, I.G. Kabanova, V.S. Gaviko, and V. I. Khrabrov, Martensitic transformations and magnetic-field-induced strains in Ni50Mn50-xGa alloys, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 102 (2006) 140-148.

DOI: 10.1134/s0031918x06080047

[22] R.A. Vandermeer, Phase transformations in uranium + 14 at. % niobium alloy, Acta Metal. 28 (1980) 383-393.

DOI: 10.1016/0001-6160(80)90173-x

[23] R.A. Vandermeer, J.C. Ogle, and W.G. Northcutt, A phenomenological study of the shape memory effect in polycrystalline uranium-niobium alloys, Metall. Trans. A, 12 (1981) 733-741.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02648337

[24] M.R. Nemirovskii, Yu.R. Nemirovskii, and A.A. Rudakov, Phase and structure variations during the strain-induced gamma-epsilon transformation in 30Kh12G23, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 50 (1980) 153-159.

[25] V.V. Sagaradze, S.V. Afanas'ev, N.V. Kataeva, Shape memory effect in Mn-V-C austenitic steels involving deformation reorientation of ε-martensite, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 114 (2013) 322-326.

DOI: 10.1134/s0031918x13020117

[26] A. Sato and T. Mori, Shape Memory Alloy of Fe-Mn-Si, in: Proc. Int. Symp. on Shape Memory Alloys, China Academic, Beijing, 1986, 353-358.