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Li Jiangxi Key laboratory of Surface Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China a swduo@126.com Keywords: ZnO; Thin films; Crystal structure; Deposition; Surfaces Abstract.
The crystalline structure of the deposited films was determined by XRD (Bede d1).
Fioux, et al.: Materials Chemistry and Physics 119(2010), p. 158

A structure transformation accompanied by significant grain growth were observed as temperature increased from 400oC to 800oC.
These network structures are most probably sodium titanate hydrogel, as reported by many studies [1,2].
When heating temperature reached 700oC, pore network started to shrink, showing sign of structure transformation.
A completely different surface morphology was observed at 800oC when pore network structure transformed into needle-like structure.
Kizuki, Development of bioactive materials based on surface chemistry, J.

College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.
The results indicate that more ethanol used in this work is effective to modify the surface structure of materials leading to better electrochemical properties.
Mixed metal oxides with layered structure present high capacity have been highlighted as cathode materials, in which, the Ni-rich layer-structured cathode materials, [2,3] such as LiNi0.8Co0.1MnO2, are good candidates for the new generation of Li-ion batteries, especially as power sources for EV and HEV applications, [4-6] because of their high energy-density and low cost.
It should be attributed to the structure differences of them.
Here, more ethanol used in this work is effective to modify the surface structure of materials leading to better electrochemical properties.

Regarding their chemical structure, ortho phthalic polyester started to degrade at lower temperature (260-280°C) than iso phthalic and vinyl ester (300-350°C).
The chemical structure of three types of unsaturated polyester composites used are presented in Fig. 1.
The thermograms also indicated that the thermal stability behavior of these polyester matrices was different due to the effect of their chemical structure.
Their activation energy values were varied in the range of 168-176 KJ/mol corresponded with their chemical structure.
Walczak: Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Reduced Flammability (Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, Poland 2000).

The components and structure features of CS2/THF soluble factions were analyzed by FTIR and GC/MS.
Introduction It is a premise of revealing the composition and structure of coals from the molecular level in efficient and clean use of coals [1,2].
They were recorded as F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 and the composition and structure of them were analyzed with FTIR and GC/MS.
We can know that there may be cycloheptanone or other compounds containing this structure from the absorption peak near 1705 cm-1.
Wei: Relationship between molecular coal chemistry and directional conversion of coal derivatives.

The optical properties and the structure of these ZnO films were investigated by LT-PL spectrum, Raman spectrum, SEM and XRD.
Experimental procedures N-doped ZnO thin films were prepared on silicon wafer by a wet chemistry method.
In addition, Comparing with the X-ray diffraction pattern of bulk ZnO (JCPDS Card No. 36-1451), the synthesized ZnO thin films were poly-crystalline with a wurtzite hexagonal structure.
Furthermore, the lattice constants, c and a, of ZnO phase could be calculated by the Bragg equation (λ=2dsinθ) and the planes-spacing formula of hexagonal structure (d (100) = 0.866a; d (002) = 0.5c).
The peak centered at 332 cm-1 was the second-order structure of ZnO film, which was interpreted as 2E2 (M).

TEM images shows that silver nanoparticles are nearly spherical in shape and their sizes are ranging between 2-42 nm and their cubic structure was confirmed by X-ray diffractogram.
The crystal structure of deposited silver nanoparticles on beaker for 60 min of heating time duration at 800C was further investigated by X-ray diffraction which is shown in figure 3(a).
The fact that all the planes have either all odd or all even indices identifies the structure as face-centered cubic.
XRD peaks were indexed to specific planes that corresponds to cubic structure of silver i.e. face centered cubic and calculated lattice constant comes out to be a=4.086Ǻ.
Chauhan Asian J. of Chemistry 21 (2009) 113-116 [27] J.

Chitharanjan Hegde * Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar-575025, India *acrhegde@gmail.com Keywords: Ni-Mo alloy, HER, OER, corrosion study.
The electrocatalytic activity of Ni-Mo alloys were explained in terms of their surface morphology, phase structure and chemical composition, confirmed by XRD, SEM and EDX analysis.
The OER is very sensitive to the natureand structure of the electrocatalysts [4].
It may be seen that surface morphology of samples deposited at 1.0 A dm-2 and 2.0 A dm-2exhibit nodular structure.
High electrocatalytic activity of Ni-Mo alloy is attributed by the specific composition, surface morphology and phase structure of the coatings, supported by EDX, SEM and XRD analysis.

A Comparison of Temperature-Dependent Compressive Deformation Features of Ultrafine-Grained Ti and Cu Produced by ECAP Qing-wei Jiang1, Lin Xiao2 and Xiao-wu Li1, a 1Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, P.O.
It was found that ECAPed materials with different crystalline structures, e.g. the present fcc Cu and hcp Ti, exhibited significantly distinctive high-temperature deformation and damage characteristics.
Both of the initial microstructures are primarily composed of equiaxed grains with an average size of ~250 nm, but typical fine lamellar structures were also found in local areas.
It is concluded that ECAPed materials with different crystalline structures, e.g. the present fcc Cu and hcp Ti, might exhibit significantly distinctive high-temperature deformation and damage characteristics.
The corresponding microstructual changes after compressive deformation are also related with the testing temperature and the crystalline structures of UFG materials.

The hexagonal mesoporous structure was formed at a high spin-speed around 2000 rpm, whereas the cubic mesostructure was formed at a low spin-speed around 600 rpm.
We prepared mesoporous TiO2 films based upon this method, and the mesophase of TiO2 structure was selectively controlled by spin-coating speed [5].
XRD patterns in Fig. 1-a indicate that the films coated at 600 rpm are a cubic structure.
The TEM image in Fig. 2-b shows the hexagonally-ordered mesoporous structures of the TiO2 film spin-coated at 2,000 rpm for 20 s and subsequently annealed at 400 oC.
This would be caused by the low crystallinity and high concentration of surface defects for the mesoporous structures.