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Observations from the XRD results showed that all films exhibit the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and higher peak intensity observed at (002) peak.
The increasing in the c parameter clearly indicates that the smaller Zn ions (ionic radius 0.74 nm) are substituted by the larger Gd ions (ionic radius 0.938 nm) in the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure.
While, XRD gives the crystallite size as the X-rays determine the crystal structure by determining the close pack planes and distance between two atoms.
The XRD result revealed that the crystal structure of ZnO is highly affected by Gd doping.
Journal of Materials Chemistry 21, no. 3 (2011): 599-614

Structure, Chemical Stability, and Magnetic Properties of Lanthanum Silicate Oxide Apatite Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method Yoga Trianzar Malik1,a, Atiek Rostika Noviyanti1,b*, Nur Akbar1,c, Iwan Hastiawan1,d, Togar Saragi1,e and Risdiana2,f 1Inorganic-Physics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia Jl.
This research is aimed to study the structure, chemical stability, and magnetic properties of the LSO.
Results and Discussion The structures of LSO with various mass target were analyzed based on the XRD pattern as shown in Fig. 1 and refined by Rietveld refinement method.
Generally, LSO has a hexagonal lattice crystal structure with p63/m space group.
The La(OH)3 phase was marked with the peak at 2θ = ~15.7° and identified of having a hexagonal structure with p63/m space group.

The formation process, phase structure and composition were characterized using TG/DTA, XRD and EDS.
The X-ray diffraction shows that the samples exhibit a single phase with rhombohedral or cubic perovskite structure after sintered at 1200 ℃ for 20 min.
The XRD patterns of L-72173, N-72173 and P-72173 can be indexed in the rhombohedral or cubic perovskite structure by comparing the data from XRD with normal feature diffraction lines of LaCoO3.
The synthesized materials exhibit a single phase with rhombohedral or cubic perovskite structure after sintered at 1200 ℃ for 20 min.
P Shao: Progress in Chemistry Vol. 23(2011), p. 418 [4] C W Sun, R Hui, J Roller: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 14(2010), p.1125 [5] J H Kim, H Kim: Ceramics International, Vol. 38(2012), p. 4669 [6] T Ebadzadeh, M Valefi: J.

The model serves as a link between the computational chemistry and the solid mechanics by substituting discrete molecular structures, with an equivalent-structural model.
Their electrical conductivity also depends very sensitively on their atomic structure.
The nanotubes are present (appear) either in the form of tubular simple structure contains only hexagonal cycles, or in the form of complex structure which contains other cycles (squared, pentagons, heptagons, ...).
Thus, Ghaderi et al. [5,6], and Wang et al. [8] studied only the Armchair structure while Liu et al. [7] did not give any details about the structure.
In the case of a completely plane structure such as the graphene sheet, it is possible to introduce other cycles into the hexagonal lattice, while preserving a non-curvature in the structure [25,26,27].

X-ray diffraction study shows that SnS exhibits a zinc blend structure with preferential orientations (111)ZB and (200)ZB.
Study is also in progress to incorporate the SnS layers into a range of different photovoltaic device structures and to characterize these devices.
The peak centered at 2θ=31.7°, is related to (040)OR -reflection of SnS compound with anorthorhombic (OR) structure (JCPDF n° 39-0354).
Therefore this film will be our choice as absorber layer in photovoltaic structure.
Bennaceur Materials Chemistry and Physics, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 1 March 2011 [8] T.

Preparation of Manganese Dioxide/Graphene Nanosheets for Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Yao-Yi LIa, Bing-Jie HOUb, Xin LIc and Xiao-Qing JIANGd,* Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China a1421007505@qq.com, b1092216254@qq.com, cmaria_lixin@qq.com, djiangxiaoqing@njnu.edu.cn *Corresponding author Keywords: Sensor, Manganese dioxide, H2O2, Graphene.
The results of TEM, XPS, and SEM evidenced that the MnO2/graphene composite with nano-sheet structure has been prepared successfully.
Preparation of MnO2 with Flower-like Structure and MnO2/PG Nanosheets.
The TEM image of sample in the dispersion obtained by simultaneously exfoliating MnO2 with the flower-like structure and graphite is shown in Figure 2a.
Many highly transparent nanosheets with lateral size of several hundred manometers can be clearly seen in both figures, suggesting both MnO2/PG and MnO2 have the two-dimensional lamellar structure.

The results show that we synthesized sample is monoclinic structure; We first synthesized the Li3V2 (PO4)3 through the using conductive carbon, the extra conductive carbon can increase the conductivity of the material.
Compared with several kind of positive electrode materials which was used widely today: the price of the LiCO2 is expensive, moreover the cobalt resources are quite deficient; the performance of LiNiO2 is similar to the performance of LiCO2, but the preparation is more difficult, and the circulation of it decreases rapidly [5]; the structure of LiMnO4the prone to distortion in the discharge processing, resulting in the rapid decay of the capacity [6], specially under the high temperature's exploitation conditions, the capacity fading is more pronounced; and the cycling performance of several cathode materials, and seriously restricted the development of poor stability.
Since 1997，Padhi et al [7] found that the olivine structure of LiFePO4 has the reversible charge and discharge performance of lithium transition metal phosphate as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, it caused widespread concern.
Structural Analysis We select glucose and conductive carbon SP, conductive carbon ECP representative sample for the X-ray diffraction, analysis result as shown in Figure 1, in the chart each diffraction peak is consistent with standard card PDF#47-0107,which showed that each kind of carbon source can be the reducing agent contribute to synthesize Li3V2(PO4)3, and synthesizes Li3V2(PO4)3 is the monoclinic system structure.
Progress In Chemistry,2005,17(4): 604 -611

As a result of the studies of the polypropylene expansion tanks the following has been established: the failure of the both tank types (A and B) occurred in the area of the weld in the upper and lower part after four arbitrary years of accelerated weathering testing; the stress-strain behaviour in the outer tank walls is influenced by the interior structure of the partitions.
When subjected to heat, oxygen, air, light, stresses, ionizing radiation, and other factors, polymer materials deteriorate: there are processes taking place in them, which are accompanied by a change in their chemical and physical structures, and decrease in their strength, dielectric and other properties [5].
The stress-strain behaviour in the outer tank walls is influenced by, among other things, the interior structure of the partitions.
Conclusions The studies of the polypropylene expansion tanks revealed the following results: the failure of the both tank types (tank A and tank B) occurred in the area of the weld in the upper and lower part after four arbitrary years of accelerated weathering testing; the stress-strain behaviour in the outer tank walls is influenced by the interior structure of the partitions.
Khimiya vysokomolekulyarnykh soedineniy [Chemistry of macromolecular compounds].

The experimental results showed that TiNiZrO2 refined the microstructure to flower-like structure.
The α-phase (the grey phase) has an HCP structure whereas the β-phase (white phase) has a BCC structure.
A flower-like structure was present in the coating. 2.
Fathi, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 148 (2014) 614-623.

Jakarta Indonesia 2Dept of Chemistry.
The crystalline structures were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
For analyzing their structures, the samples were characterized using Phillips X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Co-Ka radiation (wavelength λ =1.79 Å) with 40 kV and 30 mA in the range of 2θ = 20 – 100°.
Schematic of double layer structure of the absorption layer (BFCZO) and the matching layer (BFO).
Morphology-Control Synthesis of a Core−Shell Structured NiCu Alloy with Tunable Electromagnetic-Wave Absorption Capabilities.