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Eventually, the application of CGTAW resulted in promising at obtaining joint with good mechanical properties. 1.
The research focus was on the impact of the laser offset on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the T2 copper/304 SS (Cu/304SS) weld butt joint.
Casalino: Experimental Investigation of Material Properties in FSW Dissimilar Aluminum-Steel Lap Joints.
Zeng: Microstructures and mechanical properties of laser-arc hybrid welded dissimilar pure copper to stainless steel.
Huang, ZL Lü: Microstructure and properties of pure iron/copper composite cladding layers on carbon steel.

The method called Quench Factor Analysis, which incorporates phase transformation kinetics into quenchant characterization [5, 6] is also commonly used.
Outlined in this paper is a complex system, based on a general concept, allowing for the quantitative characterisation of the heat transfer of a cooling medium, as well as, the mechanical properties of the material developed as a result of hardening.
The predicted results imply that the set of quenching parameters investigated are "equivalent" with respect to the properties developed during the hardening process.
In addition, the appropriate set of process parameters affecting the cooling performance of a quenchant, i.e. temperature, concentration, agitation rate, etc., can be determined using the method and software described.
Konkoly: Computerized properties prediction and technology planning in heat treatment of steels , in ASM handbook , Vol. 4, Heat treating , 638- 656; 1981, Materials Park, OH, ASM International

Wet panels have the properties of expansion with wet/hot and contraction with dry/cold.
Deformation properties between finish coats and insulation boards below can’t reach a consensus with the seasonal climates changes, so the secondary stresses are produced to cause the protecting coats to fall.
The insulation panels around the root area of mechanical fixings are damaged to leak.
The mechanical fixings are not treated with waterproof materials and circular sealant copings.
The reasons resulting in these issues are the result of common effects from various factors, such as material properties, construction techniques, and environment affection etc.

The predictions indicate that recrystallization affects the resistance of the material during hot rod rolling.
Introduction During hot rolling, the product's mechanical properties are influenced by the changes of its microstructure.
The yield stress, one of the variables in these predicted equations, is affected by product's chemical composition and its microstructure evolution.
Initial Section Final Section Fig.1 Equivalent rectangle approximation to round-oval pass rolling The microstructure evolution affects the rolling force through recrystallziton of softening.
(4) while the B2 is a correction factor, in round-oval pass rolling.

One of the crucial factors, affecting the durability of reinforced concrete transport constructions is the aggressive medium, irreversibly degrading the concrete properties and causing the corrosive changes of the reinforcement elements and their bond failure.
There is a common understanding that not only effective measures for repair and renewal of damaged constructions are needed, but first of all the methods for estimations of the durability of reinforced concrete constructions, subject simultaneously to a mechanical loading and aggressiveness of environment.
Inelastic behavior of concrete with degradation of elastic properties is described with scalar parameter of damage and tensor of plastic deformations.
The difference of the presented model from the elastic-damage and elastoplastic models consists in the possibility of simultaneously taking into account the accumulation of residual strains and degradation of elastic properties.
The simulation of the reinforced concrete plate destruction under corrosive attack on the reinforcement We consider the periodicity cell (Fig.4) of the problem about a strip, weakened by a system of periodic circular holes under uniform pressure p, which is a mechanical mimic of the corrosive attack.

Mechanical properties of this alloy are as follows: Rm = 225 MPa, A = 3.5%, Re = 130 MPa and surface hardness at the level of 80 HV.
By intensive mechanical and thermal treatment this values could be extended to: Rm = 375 MPa, A = 13.5%, Re = 160 MPa.
In our research we have been concentrating on the surface machining uniformity which is essential due to: · Precision tools: wear resistance, fatigue resistance [5]; · Friction couples: uniform wettability, lubricating features, maintenance-free work; · HDD (Hard Disk Drives) plates, semiconductor wafers: coatings with physical properties uniformity [4]; · Optical equipment: wavefront undisturbed detection, undistorted picture recording, uniform light reflection [7]; · MEMS sensors’ membranes and plates: surfaces with physical properties uniformity [3, 6]; · Decorative surfaces: light reflection.
Symbol Description Unit Equation Rv deepest valley measured from the zero level nm Rp highest peak measured from the zero level nm Rt total height span of roughness profile nm Ra mean modulus of height nm Rq mean rooted square of height (RMS value) nm Rskew skewness factor of the profile height histogram - Rkurt kurtosis factor of the profile height histogram - where: hi - normalized height of the roughness sample, [nm].
The main advantage of the proposed methods lies in its applicability to the data from the very different surface machining techniques, leading to the surface roughness statistical parameters differing in orders of magnitude, without affecting its main goal – estimation of the surface machining uniformity.

The cloud of points for the newly designed UAV aircraft On the other hand, the engineering process for new designs starts from analysis of aerodynamic and technical properties for the desired object with the aim to clearly define such properties during the early phase of development.
One of significant factors that affect competitiveness of the parametrical engineering approach is the fact that the final model is developed as a superposition of parametrical objects that make up the master model (Fig. 3).
The engineering concept that assumes employment of a master model frequently leads to the need to altering aerodynamic and design properties during the early phase of the object design, which enables abbreviations of the overall time until the final product is released.
Presentation of the design concept Adjustment of variables Aerodynamic properties.
Figure 5 presents models of lattices for aircrafts where the aerodynamic properties of them were analyzed by means of the vortex lattices method.

Notoginseng have special properties and growth environment, so they are planted with special requirements [3].
Mechanical operation stability is not good as wheels are easy to fall into the slot when walking.
In order to achieve mechanical stability, we propose another structure which is called desktop seedling slot, as shown in Fig 2.
The former has a higher land-use ratio; the latter has higher mechanical operation stability and manual operation comfort.
Each size will affect mechanical operation stability, manual management, land-use ratio, and so on.

Finite element method was applied to tire mechanical analysis, temperature field and rolling resistance analysis.
Constitutive model of rubber material The rheological characteristics (viscosity, viscoelasticity) were shown in tire rubber extrusion processing due to the flowing under the action of high temperature and pressure, which were related to many factors such as temperature, pressure, composition [6].
Constitutive model of rubber rheological properties is the basis of the finite element analysis.
Researches on rubber rheological properties are little due to its complex, which is non-Newtonian fluid.
[6] N.sombatsompop, A Survey of Rheological Properties of Polymer Melts in Capillary Rheometers, Progress in Rubber and Plastics Technology. 15(1999) 47-68

The measurement of rheological properties was carried out with changing sample properties such as shear stress, shear rate and storage time.
This degradation may lead to loss in viscosity and viscoelasticity, which affects the oil recovery factor. [17-19] After highly mechanical shear which simulating the irreversibly degradation encountered in pumps and near the well bore area, ageing effect on rheological behaviour in Bohai oilfield water with semidilute WSHAP was investigated by rheological technologies at reservoir temperature in our research.
The aim of the highly mechanical shearing was to simulate the irreversibly degradation encountered in pumps and near the well bore area.
Results and Discussion The effect of ageing time on the viscoelastic properties.
The rheological properties of the polymer solutions were evaluated by fitting the data to a power law model.