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Introduction A thermoelectric module comprises p-type and n-type semiconductor legs sandwiched between two ceramic hot and cold dielectric materials and connected thermally in parallel and electrically in series.
In our model, the temperature dependency of all the important properties of the “n” and “p” type semi-conductor materials was considered.
The electrical current is highly influenced by the temperature dependent thermoelectric materials, the, the external load (), and the hot and cold junction temperatures ( of the thermoelectric module.
The resistance wire silicon rubber heater was stick to the module using adhesive materials.
Rowe, Gao Min: Evaluation of thermoelectric modules for power generation, Journal of Power Sources 73 (1998) 193–198

This material constitutes one link of the linkage.
Biomimetic is the study of the structure and function of biological systems as models for the design and engineering of materials and machines [1].
One group of researchers deals with investigating the limitations of the materials like low force generation and shorter life cycle etc. and is putting forward various methods to overcome those shortcomings.
The second group is exploring multiple application fields of the material.
J., Ionic polymer–metal composites: Industrial and medical applications, Smart Materials Structure, 14 (2005), 197–214

Mathematical modeling of weld phenomena”, The Institute of Materials, 1997, pp. 543-570
General solutions”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2000, Vol. 31B, pp. 1353-1370
[10] Lu Fenggui et al., “Numerical simulation on interaction between TIG welding arc and weld pool”, Computational Materials Science, 2006, vol. 35, pp. 458-465
[12] Zeng Zhi et al., “Numerical and experimental investigation on temperature distribution of the discontinuous welding”, Computational Materials Science, 2009, Vol. 44, pp. 1153-1162
[30] Lu Fenggui Et al., “Numerical simulation on interaction between TIG welding arc and weld pool”, Computational Materials Science, 2006, vil. 35, pp. 458 - 465.

Study on Thermal Stresses the extreme temperature in Bridge Deck Pavements using FEM Analysis Haibin Li1,a ,Yanping Sheng2, b,Qian Wang3,c 1 Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering ,Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710054, China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering,Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China; 3 Department of Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an, 710055, China alihaibin1212@126.com bsyp@chd.edu.cn cwang812006@126.com Keywords: Bridge Deck Pavement, Extreme Temperatures, Thermal Stress, FEM Analysis Abstract: The thermal stresses at the extreme temperatures in bridge deck pavements (BDP) was analyzed in the paper.
It is essential to study the thermal stresses in BDP.Most researches that have been done are related to temperature-induced stresses in pavements and load-induced stresses in BDP.Rasmus [1] calculated the shear stress among layers of BDP and obtained a relationship between the load level and the cracking behavior of the materials.
They also can serve as guides in the structural and material design of BDP.
Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition), 27(4) , 2007pp.28-32
China Journal of Highway and Transport, 18(2) , 2005pp.56-60

Introduction In construction works, cement and concrete are the largest amount of engineering materials.
When the recycling concrete has been abandoned, it can be the raw materials of cement after crushed and grinded.
Experimental procedure Raw metarials The chemical compositions of the raw materials are shown in Table 1.
Zhang: submitted to Journal of Procedia Engineering.
Cheng: submitted to Materials Science Forum .Vols. 743-744 (2013), p.175

Electron Beam Welding of High Strength Quenched and Tempered Steel Marek Stanisław Węglowski1*, Sylwester Błacha1, Stanisław Dymek2, Mateusz Kopyściański2 1Department of the Testing of Materials Weldability and Welded Construction, Institute of Welding, Gliwice, Poland 2Faculty of Metal Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland Keywords: electron beam welding, high strength steel, microstructure Abstract.
The tensile strengths of welded joints were Rm=850 MPa (S690QL) and 1074MPa (S960QL) and corresponded the tensile strengths of the base materials.
Journal. 85 (2006) 200-210
Wozniak, Thermomechanically rolled medium-Mn steels containing retained austenite, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials.59 (2014) 1691-1697 [3] A.
Welding Journal, 63 (1984) 8-16

(1) When main stress of average stress exceeds tensile intensity of material, the element will crack
It is because of the mechanical property of concrete material.
When the element stress reaches material tensile strength, the crack begins to extend.
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1999, 46: 131-150
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2000, 48:1549-1570

Renton, Effect of ageing on phase evolution and mechanical properties of a high tungsten super-duplex stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering A. 535 (2012) 281-289
[2] Henrik Sieurin, Rolf Sandstr¨om, Sigma Phase Precipitation in Duplex Stainless Steel 2205, Materials Science and Engineering A. 444 (2007) 271-276
Guerreiro, Magnetic detection of sigma phase in duplex stainless steel UNS S31803, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 322 (2010) L29–L33
[27] Li X, Miodownik A P, Saunders N, Modelling of Materials Properties in Duplex Stainless Steels, Materials Science and Technology. 2002, 18(8): 861
Ghosh, Effect of 475 ◦C embrittlement on the mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel, Materials Science and Engineering A 508 (2009) 1-14.

Journal of Gansu Sciences, 2007, 19(3): 127-130. ( in Chinese ) [3] Zhou Xianyan, Shen Pusheng.
Journal of Hunan University (Nature Sciences), 1997, 24(5): 69-74. ( in Chinese ) [4] Li Yongmei, Guo Lei, Sun Guofu, et al.
Journal of the China Railway Society, 2010, 32(6): 78-83.
Mechanics of Materials [M].
Journal of Catastrophology, 2010, 25(S0): 67-70. ( in Chinese ) [7] Li Gui, Dai Youcai, Dai Hongliang, et al.

Scientific databases interrogated for selection of references Databases names Short names Web address Scopus Scopus http://www.scopus.com Science Direct Science Direct http://www.sciencedirect.com Wiley – Online Library Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com Web of Knowledge - Thomson Reuters ISI http://apps.isiknowledge.com Cambridge Journals Cambridge http://journals.cambridge.org Oxford Journals Oxford http://services.oxfordjournals.org IEEE Explore IEEE http://www.ieeexplore.ieee.org In order to interrogate the databases were used some including and excluding criteria for the following fields: Article type, Source type, Thematic, Language and Year of publication.
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Zajic, Continous Microbial Production of Hydrogen Gas, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 7 (1982) 623-628
Levandowsky, Production of hydrogen by microbial fermentation, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 13 (1988) 407-410