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Study on Dynamic Minimum Thickness of cut by nanoscratch testing Huali Zhang 1, a, Jicai Kuai2,b Feihu Zhang 3,c 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China 2 School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China 3School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China alaura@ntu.edu.cn, bhitgjc@163.com, czhangfh@hit.edu.cn The corresponding author Keywords: Minimum thickness of cut; Friction coefficient; nanoscratch; Force ratio; AFM Abstract.
Introduction To achieve very thin chip and machined surface of high quality, studies on the minimum thickness of cut have received increasing attention, such as its influent factors and processing method.
Although single crystal diamond machining can achieve the minimum thickness of cut, a full comparative study of the sensitivity of the minimum thickness of cut to various experimental factors has not yet been done[4-5].
Different phases during cutting process determine different frictional properties, thus result in the difference of friction coefficients.
Tests are firstly performed on brass over a 4μm track by applied lamped loads at a constant rate of 25μN /sto the maximum load of 500μN, to investigate how the friction coefficients affect on the minimum thickness of cut during ploughing process .

Corrosion control and structural rehabilitation are critical factors of maintenance depots, especially in weapon systems that have been exposed to corrosive elements and severe operating conditions for extended periods.
It means "modifying the surface" of a material or component to change the surface properties which are different from the integrity properties.
Nano coating on mechanical structures has special capabilities to deal with external effect of force, heat, electricity, light, sound or magnetism etc due to special properties of nano particles and improves equipment's capabilities to protect the surface from being damaged.
The thermal spraying coating has properties of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and heat insulation.
Electronic equipment is easily affected by contaminants.

Geometric characteristics of reinforcing particles Reinforcement 6061 [Al] Average radius [µm] Average particle area [µm2] Aspect ratio Blocky Al2O3 (Mean value) 5.82 156.81 1.021 Standard deviation 5.30 289.3 0.0434 The main concern of the work is to study the properties and behavior of dissimilar friction welds with and without the presence of silver interlayer.
In this case the particle diameter d is related to measure width w, by a factor 4/π refer to the below given equation.
Main advantage is the friction pressure doesn’t affect the volume fraction of particles.
[7] a) Dunkerton, S.B., 1982, report 201/1982,“The effect of interlayers on dissimilar friction weld properties”, TWI, Abington Hall, Cambridge.
b)Dunkerton, S.B., 1982, report 229/1982,“The effect of interlayers on dissimilar friction welds properties” TWI, Abington Hall, Cambridge

Rao et al [12] and Sajja et al [4] investigated the factors affecting the shear stiffness of steel storage rack upright frames.
These factors include the upright size, the aspect ratio of frame panels (height/width), the eccentricity of bracing members, the bracing configuration and bolt bending.
The cross-sectional properties of the upright and bracing members are presented in Table 1.
The model will then be used to quantify the contribution of all factors influencing the transverse shear stiffness of bolted cold-formed steel upright frames.
The model will be further verified and used to quantify the contribution of all factors influencing the transverse shear stiffness of the upright frames.

The relationship among each affecting factor is shown in table 1: Table 1 The influence factors of Gd,Gd/Gdmax Factors G G/Gmax Study object Researcher Kc increase increase sand Sun Jing σ3 increase increase Clay,fine sand and silt Zhu Long-Gen H reduce the little —— soft clay Gu Chuan e reduce —— sand  Wang Bing-Hui τoct increase —— soft clay  Wang Bing-Hui λ increase —— silt Zhang Jun Dr increase reduce less sand Yuan Xiao-Ming T increase increase less sand Seed Ip increase or remain stable increase sand Chen Guo-Xing N first increase and then decrease reduce sand Bo Li-Dong f reduce —— Berlin sand Bo Li-Dong S reduce —— silty clay Zhang Pei-Sen Maximum damping ratio: For the constitutive model of damping ratio, a lot of people put forward own views.
Conclusions: Currently, there are many studies on dynamic shear modulus, and many factors have been researched several times.
But it’s not perfect，some results are qualitative, some factors are unclearing and some results have contradictions.
Moduli and Damping Factors of Soft Marine Clays.
Dynamic properties of piedmont residual soils [J].

These applications require a variety of mechanical properties [1], such as high specific elastic modulus, high yield strength, appreciable ductility and resistance to creep at high temperatures.
The work presented in this article, takes advantage of an approach for creating DRA composites that can improve both the elastic and the mechanical properties [3].
The measured values in Fig. 2 should be taken as a general trend for the composite because factors other than the dispersoids size are likely to affect creep resistance.
However, these properties are obtained only if the spinel particle size is less than 1 µm.
As mentioned in the introduction, the design of technologically viable DRA composites requires not only mechanical properties as described above but also high elastic stiffness.

Graphene is presented to be the prominent candidate to be used as channel material in FET which widely known as Graphene Field Effect Transistor (GFET), due to the remarkable electrical, physical and mechanical properties of graphene [4-7].
Damage in materials is caused by the interaction of the energy with the nuclei and orbiting electrons, thus should also expect changes that will occur in physical, mechanical and electrical properties of materials [13].
In the previous work, the electrical properties of irradiated graphene was discussed only at voltage of 1.0 V and 2.0 V.
This situations happens due to the high dose of the irradiation that alter the uniformity of the electrical properties.
Balandin, Modification of Graphene Properties due to Electron-Beam Irradiation, Applied Physics Letters 94 (2008), 013101

Introduction: Carbonate apatite type B (C-Ap) has been used as a bone replacement material because of its osteoconductive properties.
Biomimetic deposition of carbonateapatite and role of carbonate substitution on mechanical properties at nanoscale.J.
Human osteoblast differentiation and bone formation: growth factors, hormones and regulatory networks.
Derbyn, Mechanical properties of porous ceramic scaffolds: Influence of internal dimensions.
A review of the properties and applications of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer reviews. 55(2015):678-705

The grinding depth not only affects the structural feature depth but also the length and width of the surface structure.
Compared to conventional smooth and untextured surfaces, structural texture surfaces show many advantageous properties [2, 3].
Many biological examples of textured surfaces present many beneficial properties that improve the performance of surfaces, especially in surface drag reduction and frictional reduction.
Wakuda et al [12] studied the frictional properties of a silicon nitride ceramic mated with hardened steel through pin-on-disk tests and verified the micro-surface texture is an effective key to friction reduction.
The type of interaction between the laser beam and the material being ablated depends not only on the thermo-optical properties of the work material for a given laser (wavelength) irradiation but also by the appropriate choice of the laser parameters used.

Prominent among elements used for modifications are Mg and Sr, which are closely associated with mineralization of bone and possess anti-osteoporotic properties [3].
In addition, understanding thermal behavior of the modified nanocrystalline HAp powders is important due to the potential to design bioceramics with controlled grain growth, microstructure and, thus, mechanical properties.
However, BET measurements could be affected by agglomerates formed due to higher relative surface and more surface atoms of smaller particles.
Sorrell, Some important factors in the wet precipitation process of hydroxyapatite, Mater.
Rey, Amorphous calcium phosphates: Synthesis, properties and uses in biomaterials, Acta Biomater. 6(9) (2010) 3362-3378.