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Some of these places with maximum stress concentration are often represented by the notches of various types and origin, permanent slip bands, intrusions, imperfections of surface machining, boundaries of grains and subgrains, interphases boundaries and also by a strong presence of corrosion (corrosion attack). [1 – 5, 8].
On the overload fracture, it was observed the biggest number of secondary cracks and brittle facets, which support the overload theory of the fracture origin.
The microstructure of the damaged pin contains a pearlite-ferritic microstructure with heterogeneous grain size distribution.
More preferably, the alloyed steel is to be used, for example the 42CrMo4 with an improved hardenability so as to obtain a homogeneous structure in the cross section after hardening and tempering processes, and a finer grain size.

Fig. 1-(a) and (b) shows the high number of pores in the aluminum metal powders.
The densification of fine particles was found to be superior to that of the powders with coarse grain size [11].
Also, lots of secondary phase were generated in the grain boundary and triple point of grain, continuously.

To date, the thermal conductivities of many foods [1-6], grains and seeds [7-9] have been measured.
A number of researchers reported that the thermal conductivities of the various seeds and grains increased as the moisture content increased, supporting our results [16-19].
Chang[13] reported that thermal conductivity increased linearly with the bulk density for wheat, corn and grain sorghum, supporting our results.

Ultra-fine grained (UFG), i.e. sub-micrometer grained, bulk materials are so attractive in market since the mechanical and physical properties distinguish UFG materials from conventional coarse-grained materials.
Supporting guide Guide roll Workpiece "A" "B" "C" Detail "C" Feeding roll RD TD ND (a) one-pass rolling Guide roll Feeding roll Bending Shearing Rolling 1 : 0.1 2 : 0.12 3 : 0.15 4 : 0.18 5 : 0.21 6 : 0.24 8 : 0.26 7 : 0.25 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 (A) (B) (C) (b) deformation patterns Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of multi-pass CCSS process and deformation patterns Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 Analysis of DCAP rolling Previous work [14] disclosed that a large variation of shear strain rate component during rolling gives rise to the pronounced through thickness strain gradients.

Solution sol-gel and hydrothermal synthesis are two dominant low temperature processes for producing nanoscaled grains.
There are several supercritical based techniques for producing nanoscaled grains have been proposed in the literature, since supercritical fluids (SCFs) play an important role as media to synthesis nanoparticle generation in particular operating condition and process requirement.
In contrast to the many studies of HTS, the reaction results in fine particle grain with higher reaction rates and the products were not soluble in SCW [2].
The total number of faces and cells were 21900 and 10800, respectively.

A number of studies [5-8] indicate that rice husk (RH), which is a waste of agricultural production, is the promising raw material source for SiC.
The microstructure is a region with a SiC grain structure, as evidenced by local elemental analysis, coexisting with unreacted carbon residues (Fig. 3a).
Grain size of SiC is around 1 μm.
The grains are represented both as fairly "loose" agglomerates (Fig. 3b) and as the part of larger monolithic structures (Fig. 3c).

The composition of the concrete substrates differed in terms of maximum grain size Dmax of used aggregate and is presented in Table 1.
Element group Sand 0-2 mm Crushed quartz 2-8 mm Maximum size of grain Dmax Superplasticizer+ Polypropylene fibers Water CEM V/A(S-V) 32,5R-LH [-] [kg/m3] [kg/m3] [mm] [kg/m3] [l] [kg/m3] P1 1790 - 2 2.20 140 280 P2 1074 716 8 2.20 140 280 The epoxy resin was produced using commercially available StoPox BB OS [11].
Element group P1 P2 Element number P1/1 P1/2 P1/3 P1/4 P2/1 P2/2 P2/3 L [mm] 29.37 41.03 47.27 43.57 43.20 42.93 43.17 T [μs] 9.68 12.88 14.66 13.02 12.98 13.26 12.54 V [m/s] 3033.75 3185.82 3224.19 3346.13 3328.20 3237.81 3442.32 fb [MPa] 1.43 1.78 1.78 1.83 2.29 1.94 2.75 ∆V [m/s] 16.60 12.71 11.22 12.82 12.83 12.43 13.46 ∆V/V [%] 0.55 0.40 0.35 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.39 Based on the analysis of the data presented in Table 1 it can be noticed that pull-off adhesion values fb in group P1 are lower than in group P2.
The composition of the concrete substrates differed in terms of maximum grain size of used aggregate.

Here, Dv is the volume diffusivity, Ds the surface diffusivity, Db the grain boundary diffusivity, P the vapor pressure, Ω the atomic volume, M the molecular weight, ρ theoretical density; δ represents the grain-boundary width, b the Burgers vector, k Boltzmann's constant and T the temperature.
The aim was also to measure the center-center distances of the grains during the process.
The Euler number (E) the number of objects minus the number of holes.
A fully sintered, non-porous sample has an absolute Euler number equal to 1, so the relative Euler number, compared with max Euler number, is almost 0.
The numbers refer to the numbers in Fig.5a.

It was studied the influence of the following process variables: supersaturation, dimensionless vibration number and operation time.
Table 1 – Values of supersaturation, dimensionless vibration number and operation time used in the central composite design.
Like in yield response, the trial number 10 reached larger SMD, also followed by significant results in trails with high supersaturation level and low dimensionless vibration number.
Such behavior is justified by the non-computing of small crystals grain size (fine), which are present in large quantities at high levels of supersaturation and longer operation.
On Fig. 2B, is shown the response surface relating the effect of supersaturation and dimensionless vibration number in SMD.

The produced liquid was characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and Gas chromatography (GC) The octane number, cetane number, flash point, fire point, aniline point and some physical properties were also measured.
Mixtures of polymer and catalyst grains have been heated in a reaction container [8,9,10].The goal from research is aiming to reduce the environmental pollution and to improve the quality of liquid fuel production.
While the octan number and cetane index is increased gradually.