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Among factors, original residual stress, cutting force and clamping force are the main factors to cause the deformation of a complex workpiece.
However, their studies mainly focus on a given structure and certain factor in the numerous influencing factors, so practicality and applicability are limited.
Stress-strain properties of materials adopt true stress and strain.
Hiroyasu: Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (Series C) Vol.63 (1997) No.605, pp.239-246
Huang: China Mechanical Engineering, Vol.10 (2003) No.14, pp.1684-1686

Cure monitoring of composite structures is crucial for quality control and improvement of mechanical properties of structures.
Most use change of dielectric properties to estimate viscosity change of epoxy resin.
For example, the dissipation factor of dielectric properties is often used to measure resin viscosity and to determine the gel point [1-3].
Kim et al. compared dissipation factors from dielectric properties with the degree of cure from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data; they derived the relationship between the dissipation factor and the degree of cure [4].
However, conventional cure monitoring methods using sensors may reduce mechanical properties of the structure owing to embedded sensors.

Prominent among elements used for modifications are Mg and Sr, which are closely associated with mineralization of bone and possess anti-osteoporotic properties [3].
In addition, understanding thermal behavior of the modified nanocrystalline HAp powders is important due to the potential to design bioceramics with controlled grain growth, microstructure and, thus, mechanical properties.
However, BET measurements could be affected by agglomerates formed due to higher relative surface and more surface atoms of smaller particles.
Sorrell, Some important factors in the wet precipitation process of hydroxyapatite, Mater.
Rey, Amorphous calcium phosphates: Synthesis, properties and uses in biomaterials, Acta Biomater. 6(9) (2010) 3362-3378.

Tel: +6023476935 / +60129500154 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. 3Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia Nooririnah@utem.edu.my, Khalil@utem.edu.my, aludin@utem.edu.my, rohana_abdullah@utem.edu.my, rzuraida@uthm.edu.my Keywords: Cold spray; Aviation; Corrosion; Tooling; Bulk structure Abstract.
This paper is an outcome to discuss Cold spray process as potential repair technique which is widely acclaimed for its ability to perfom a bonding with the underlying material without the creation of heat affected zones which are typical of other deposition processes (thermal spray) and are undesirable in many structural applications.
Cold spray can provided environmental friendly solution to thick deposit for dimensional restoration or tooling repair without creation heat affected zone.There is no application yet of this repair technology in Malaysia and on top of that,re-use of material will contribute to cost saving and in-haze the environmet.
This coating usually have coating properties, bond strength more than 6000psi, deposition efficiency up to14%,hardness range (Brinnel) will be 40-42 and porosity less than 0.5%.
[3] Papyrin A., Kosarev V., Klinkov KV, Alkimov A., and Fomin V, Cold Spray Technology, Elsevier, Oxford, (2007) [4] Maintenance Manual Helicopter, Main Rotor Blades,HTCM-001 [5] O.Nooririnah, A.Rohana,H.N.Nazrul , M.Suhana, Supersonic particle deposition apotential corrosion treatment method forhelicopter part in Malaysia, International Journal of Advanced Research In Engineering &Technology, IJARET,Volume 3,Issue 2 (July-December 2012).ISSN 09766480, Impact Factor 2.7078calculated by GISI

Several factors that may affect the stiffness results of the current study need to be pointed out.
First, the material properties of a standard composite femur were used instead of those of femur from actual patient.
Although the initial stiffness of a femoral construct is considered an important contributing factor to bone healing, the facilitation of bone healing also depends on many factors such as soft-tissue attachment, stress across the bone, and blood supply to bony fragment.
Further investigations for the above-mentioned factors deserved to be conducted.
Brown, Structural properties of a new design of composite replicate femurs and tibias.

The novelty of the present paper is to, first, provide information on the influence of strain induced martensite on the incremental forming process and product properties.
The wall angle affects the amount of generated strain and the speed affects the heating of the specimen.
To investigate the effect of ISF and phase transformation on the tensile properties, a pyramidal test geometry was used.
The flexibility of the ISF process and its ability to form asymmetric parts may realize totally new component designs of materials with enhanced properties.
Improved strength properties required a higher forming force, though the higher martensite amount seemed to degrade the formability of these alloys (lower rupture angle).

With dissimilar mechanical properties in elastic modulus and yield limits of the coated zinc layer to that of the substrate steel, the formability of galvanized steel sheets is more complex [4].
The mechanical properties of both zinc coating and the substrate are shown in Table 2.
Table 1 The chemical compositions of DC01 Elements C Mn S P others Content [wt%] ≤0.12 ≤0.60 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≥0.020 Table 2 Mechanical properties of sample Steel types Surface material Yield strength [MPa] Tensile strength [MPa] Ductility (original length 80mm) DC51D+Z DC01 Galvanized Base steel 270~310 <270 270~500 270~410 ≧22 ≧28 Experimental Results.
With dissimilar mechanical properties in elastic modulus and yield limits of the coated zinc layer to that of the substrate steel, the substrate and the coating undergo different deformations.
Liu, Recent development in study of effect of coating phase structure of IF galvannealed steel sheet on its properties, Iron and Steel, 37(12) (2002) 65-68

Introduction The properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) built parts exhibit high dependence on process parameters and can be improved by setting parameters at suitable levels [1,2].
The study may be useful in situations where sliding contact of mating surfaces occurs e.g. gears, journal bearings, seals, cams, etc. when conventional parts is replaced with FDM processed parts due to easiness of fabrication, economic production of prototypes, light weight and high specific mechanical properties.
Like other mechanical properties, wear is also dependent on internal resistance of part against the external forces.
For improvement in process part properties, it is necessary to propose the optimum parameter setting.
A bacterium takes foraging decisions after considering two previous factors.

Moreover, after the treatment, appropriate tests proved that neither were the physical and mechanical properties of the wood altered nor did the wood suffer any deformation or movement of any kind [3].
In the joists where rot damage on wood was concentrated, the mechanical properties and the residual resistance were low and unknown.
According to the intervention criteria of maximum health and minimum change explained before and taking into account all the factors and conditions concerning the building, the use of microwaves to treat timber against wood boring insects was considered an ideal solution.
Vinde, Microwave Modification of Wood Properties: Improvements in Wood Permeability, 31st Annual Meeting of The international Research Group on Wood Preservation, Section 4.
Processes and Properties (2000)

Because of size effect, surface effect and quantum effect [3,4,5], the properties of nano-scale material are known to be different from those of their macroscopic analogs, which are difficult to explain by continuous theories.
So the high frequency characteristics and its influence factors will determine the accuracy of the detection and the sensitivity of detection system.
Affected by the prepared process, the cross sections of the silicon nanowires are not shaped in perfect circular or rectangle.
On the basis of continuum theory, we can find that the thickness of the nanowires also affects the vibration frequency of the nanowires, and with the increase of thickness the vibration frequency will increase too.
References [1] Craighead H G, Nano-electro mechanical systems, J.