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Online since: March 2024
Authors: Rajiv Padhye, Braid MacRae, James Waldie, Ruth Bunford
This paper will focus on the steps taken to achieve the design requirements #3 and #4 and will report on the data gathered which can be used to assess whether those design requirements have been achieved.
The S&R test showed that the SMCS V1 caused a reduction in mobility of >47cm when compared to gym clothing, whereas the SMCS V2 caused a reduction in mobility of <7.5cm (Fig. 11).
The use of a single participant is appropriate in the process of garment development; however, single participant studies do not provide validity in the conclusions from the data gathered.
The reduction in active ROM during hip extension and hip abduction could be attributed to the new positioning of the seams and ribbons on SMCS V2.
The data gathered is compared against the results for SMCS V1 to ascertain if improvements to comfort and mobility have been achieved.
The S&R test showed that the SMCS V1 caused a reduction in mobility of >47cm when compared to gym clothing, whereas the SMCS V2 caused a reduction in mobility of <7.5cm (Fig. 11).
The use of a single participant is appropriate in the process of garment development; however, single participant studies do not provide validity in the conclusions from the data gathered.
The reduction in active ROM during hip extension and hip abduction could be attributed to the new positioning of the seams and ribbons on SMCS V2.
The data gathered is compared against the results for SMCS V1 to ascertain if improvements to comfort and mobility have been achieved.
Online since: January 2021
Authors: Oluwafemi E. Oni, Rudiren Sarma, Andrew G. Swanson
Thus, giving a comparative analysis between the generator data during the partial deblocking stage and the full converter deblocking stage.
The zero-power recorded at ConvP4, and ConvN4 resulted in the reduction in both rectifiers’ station power transfer, which further led to an increase in ConvP3 and ConvN3 active power transfer, most especially at the negative pole.
Further reduction in the synchronous power results in an unstable state seen in the uncharacteristic oscillations recorded at 5.3-s simulation time.
This active power reduction finally led to an increase in the power carrying capacity of the negative pole of ConvN1.
During the first scenario, the synchronous generator experienced a reduction in Pe generated due to the collapse of the converter 4 station.
The zero-power recorded at ConvP4, and ConvN4 resulted in the reduction in both rectifiers’ station power transfer, which further led to an increase in ConvP3 and ConvN3 active power transfer, most especially at the negative pole.
Further reduction in the synchronous power results in an unstable state seen in the uncharacteristic oscillations recorded at 5.3-s simulation time.
This active power reduction finally led to an increase in the power carrying capacity of the negative pole of ConvN1.
During the first scenario, the synchronous generator experienced a reduction in Pe generated due to the collapse of the converter 4 station.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Hong Mei Chen, Zhi Yong Wu, Wei Jin
Evaluation Index System of Regional Technological Innovation Efficiency
Based on technological innovation theories, this paper uses existing researches for reference and
integrates them [1-3], combines with the author's research, and considers the data availability.
The main idea of the model is: firstly, it uses the dimension reduction of principal component analysis, respectively analyzes the input and output indicators by principal component analysis.
For the problem of the effectiveness that the data analyzed by principal component analysis carry out the evaluation of decision making unit efficiency, in the document [5], it has been proved, so it will not go further on this issue.
These selected samples in this paper are 31 provinces and cities in Chinese mainland, but because the data in Tibet are incomplete, so the final samples are 30 provinces and cities in Chinese mainland except Tibet.
From the above data, if the DEAs of provinces and cities are invalid, the overall levels of their comprehensive efficiency value are relatively low, especially in most western provinces, including Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang.
The main idea of the model is: firstly, it uses the dimension reduction of principal component analysis, respectively analyzes the input and output indicators by principal component analysis.
For the problem of the effectiveness that the data analyzed by principal component analysis carry out the evaluation of decision making unit efficiency, in the document [5], it has been proved, so it will not go further on this issue.
These selected samples in this paper are 31 provinces and cities in Chinese mainland, but because the data in Tibet are incomplete, so the final samples are 30 provinces and cities in Chinese mainland except Tibet.
From the above data, if the DEAs of provinces and cities are invalid, the overall levels of their comprehensive efficiency value are relatively low, especially in most western provinces, including Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: S.K. Karthik, P. Suresh
Attempts were made to acquire anthropometric data of the workers engaged in one of the gear manufacturing and assembling industry located at Coimbatore.
It acts on the fact that carts and handling hoists are increasingly used in the industries, aiming for a reduction of the musculoskeletal problems with lifting and carrying but inducing potential problems involved in pushing and pulling.
The Anthropometric data from the workers in this study was hopefully applied in the ergonomic design of workstations, tools, equipment, layout designs and interventions that are uniquely well-suited for workers.
By concentrating on the most prevalent task characteristics, the applicability of our data was enhanced [3].
Table 2, Anthropometric Data of Material Handling Workers By continuous use of the material handling trolley, there is more chance of fatigue being induced in spinal cord and related tissues leading to musculo skeletal disorders.
It acts on the fact that carts and handling hoists are increasingly used in the industries, aiming for a reduction of the musculoskeletal problems with lifting and carrying but inducing potential problems involved in pushing and pulling.
The Anthropometric data from the workers in this study was hopefully applied in the ergonomic design of workstations, tools, equipment, layout designs and interventions that are uniquely well-suited for workers.
By concentrating on the most prevalent task characteristics, the applicability of our data was enhanced [3].
Table 2, Anthropometric Data of Material Handling Workers By continuous use of the material handling trolley, there is more chance of fatigue being induced in spinal cord and related tissues leading to musculo skeletal disorders.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Kai Shi, Long Ge Xiao
The paper presents a series of variation trend about stress state, deformation, plastic zone and tension of cables under disturbance effects based on the simulation results, and the evolution of surface displacement of railway laneway is also discussed according to on-site monitoring data.
After roadways disturbed, for instance, large deformation and failure of supporting structure occur as a result of damage and strength reduction of surrounding rock[3-5].
As shown in Table 2, numerical computational data demonstrate that the disturbance effects from ventilation roadway are stronger than those from belt conveyor roadway.
According to the simulation results and on-site monitoring data, although net distance between roadways is larger than 5 times the span of roadways, railway laneway suffered twice significant disturbance effects.
Based on the monitoring data, support parameters and excavation plan can be adjusted so as to guarantee the safety of underground engineering construction.
After roadways disturbed, for instance, large deformation and failure of supporting structure occur as a result of damage and strength reduction of surrounding rock[3-5].
As shown in Table 2, numerical computational data demonstrate that the disturbance effects from ventilation roadway are stronger than those from belt conveyor roadway.
According to the simulation results and on-site monitoring data, although net distance between roadways is larger than 5 times the span of roadways, railway laneway suffered twice significant disturbance effects.
Based on the monitoring data, support parameters and excavation plan can be adjusted so as to guarantee the safety of underground engineering construction.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Maurizio Vedani, Nora Lecis, Dario Ripamonti, Fabio Spagnoli, Ausonio Tuissi, Stefano Farè, Giuliano Angella, Paola Bassani
Comparison in terms of grain structure and corresponding properties are also drawn by considering published data about Al-Mg-Si alloy samples ECAP-processed by identical routes and parameters.
Further reduction of grain size leads to partial dislocation emission from boundaries that in turn promotes the activation of deformation by twinning (nanotwins) even in metals with relatively high stacking fault energies such as Al and Cu [1,2].
True stress vs. true plastic strain curves of annealed and ECAP processed Ag (a) and 6082 Al alloy samples (b) For a more precise evaluation of workhardening ability of SPD processed silver, the engineering tensile curves were transformed into true stress-true plastic strain data and compared to properties measured on type 6082 Al-Mg-Si alloy processed from the annealed condition by the same procedure [14].
For both materials a relation of the type: σ=k0∙εn seems to hold, giving a linear fitting of the stress-strain data in the plastic regime in a bi-logarithmic plot.
The behaviour of ultra-fine grained silver, taken as a model of a low stacking fault FCC metal, was compared with previous data on an Al-Mg-Si alloy processed under the same route, taken as a typical high stacking fault FCC alloy.
Further reduction of grain size leads to partial dislocation emission from boundaries that in turn promotes the activation of deformation by twinning (nanotwins) even in metals with relatively high stacking fault energies such as Al and Cu [1,2].
True stress vs. true plastic strain curves of annealed and ECAP processed Ag (a) and 6082 Al alloy samples (b) For a more precise evaluation of workhardening ability of SPD processed silver, the engineering tensile curves were transformed into true stress-true plastic strain data and compared to properties measured on type 6082 Al-Mg-Si alloy processed from the annealed condition by the same procedure [14].
For both materials a relation of the type: σ=k0∙εn seems to hold, giving a linear fitting of the stress-strain data in the plastic regime in a bi-logarithmic plot.
The behaviour of ultra-fine grained silver, taken as a model of a low stacking fault FCC metal, was compared with previous data on an Al-Mg-Si alloy processed under the same route, taken as a typical high stacking fault FCC alloy.
Online since: September 2010
Authors: Mihály Réger, Ágnes Csizmazia, Imre Czinege, Tamás Réti
Based on measured data
obtained by an image analyzer, a stereological model and a simulation algorithm have been
developed to analyse the correspondances between the graphite morphology and the defect
formation.
The application of this material - instead that of the steel - has brought significant cost reduction - but at the same time there are significant difficulties in surface superfinishing processes causing local defects on the surface of workpieces.
Additionally, using these input data, we calculated the average spherical graphite diameter DV.
In all cases the input data of computer simulation were the number of graphite particles in unit volume NV, and the scalar parameters of the distribution function of spherical graphite diameter.
The estimated output data were as follows: - the average graphite diameter, DV =E(D) - the standard deviation of graphite diameter, )D(E)D(E)D(S 22 −= - the relative standard deviation of graphite diameter, SR(D)=100*S(D)/DV (%) - the mean volume of graphite nodules, V(D)=VG /NV - the average number of graphite particles per unit area, NA =NV*DV - the average number of hidden graphites found in the defect zone, NZ - the microstructural parameter RZA = 100NZ /NA representing the ratio of the numbers of hidden (non-visible) and the visible grafite particles in the suface layer, (%).
The application of this material - instead that of the steel - has brought significant cost reduction - but at the same time there are significant difficulties in surface superfinishing processes causing local defects on the surface of workpieces.
Additionally, using these input data, we calculated the average spherical graphite diameter DV.
In all cases the input data of computer simulation were the number of graphite particles in unit volume NV, and the scalar parameters of the distribution function of spherical graphite diameter.
The estimated output data were as follows: - the average graphite diameter, DV =E(D) - the standard deviation of graphite diameter, )D(E)D(E)D(S 22 −= - the relative standard deviation of graphite diameter, SR(D)=100*S(D)/DV (%) - the mean volume of graphite nodules, V(D)=VG /NV - the average number of graphite particles per unit area, NA =NV*DV - the average number of hidden graphites found in the defect zone, NZ - the microstructural parameter RZA = 100NZ /NA representing the ratio of the numbers of hidden (non-visible) and the visible grafite particles in the suface layer, (%).
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Yi Min Xia, Xiang Heng Zhu, Tao Ouyang, Kai Yang
Finally, the simulated results are verified by engineering data.
Beyond point c, there is a large reduction of load-carrying capacity until rupture, c-d.
The load data measured in the tunneling site is shown in Fig. 9.
(a) Total thrust of cutterhead (b) Total torque of cutterhead Fig. 9 The measured engineering data in the tunneling site The measured engineering thrust of TBM varies from 4000 to 7500kN and the mean value is 5836.1kN; the measured engineering torque of the TBM varies from 1000 to 2500kN•m and the mean value is 1550.7kN•m; the measured engineering load is slightly larger than simulational result.
Compared with the engineering data, error of total thrust is 7.71% and that of total torque is 8.87%, which verifys the simulation results.
Beyond point c, there is a large reduction of load-carrying capacity until rupture, c-d.
The load data measured in the tunneling site is shown in Fig. 9.
(a) Total thrust of cutterhead (b) Total torque of cutterhead Fig. 9 The measured engineering data in the tunneling site The measured engineering thrust of TBM varies from 4000 to 7500kN and the mean value is 5836.1kN; the measured engineering torque of the TBM varies from 1000 to 2500kN•m and the mean value is 1550.7kN•m; the measured engineering load is slightly larger than simulational result.
Compared with the engineering data, error of total thrust is 7.71% and that of total torque is 8.87%, which verifys the simulation results.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Gang Liu, Bao Sheng He, Hua Liang Liu
By monitoring the well casing vibration and then the data processing, the relative distance between the drill bit and adjacent well casing is obtained in real time.
If we ignore the energy reduction caused by spherical expansion, only consider the loss caused by medium absorption, the vibration wave propagation equation can be written as: (2) Where is the initial amplitude of casing vibration waves; is propagation distance along the casing, m; is attenuation coefficient of the drilling fluid-casing-cement system, 1/m.
The determination of model parameters: is gotten from the monitoring data; is obtained from the well depth of Logging data; according to the amplitude variation of the casing vibration signal and the formula (2), we can get attenuation coefficient of the drilling fluid-casing-cement system , and the initial drill vibration signal amplitude strength , only remaining inter-well distance is unknown.
Collect the corresponding data and using anti-collision distance prediction model to calculate the corresponding inter-well distance
Carrying on data fitting for the well L11 (As shown in Fig. 2), according to formula (2), we can obtain the casing propagation attenuation coefficient =0.018,1/m, The drill bit vibration energy =290.53,mm/ss.
If we ignore the energy reduction caused by spherical expansion, only consider the loss caused by medium absorption, the vibration wave propagation equation can be written as: (2) Where is the initial amplitude of casing vibration waves; is propagation distance along the casing, m; is attenuation coefficient of the drilling fluid-casing-cement system, 1/m.
The determination of model parameters: is gotten from the monitoring data; is obtained from the well depth of Logging data; according to the amplitude variation of the casing vibration signal and the formula (2), we can get attenuation coefficient of the drilling fluid-casing-cement system , and the initial drill vibration signal amplitude strength , only remaining inter-well distance is unknown.
Collect the corresponding data and using anti-collision distance prediction model to calculate the corresponding inter-well distance
Carrying on data fitting for the well L11 (As shown in Fig. 2), according to formula (2), we can obtain the casing propagation attenuation coefficient =0.018,1/m, The drill bit vibration energy =290.53,mm/ss.
Online since: October 2005
Authors: F.L. Luo, Yun Yu Hu, Z.W. Kang
Actual results of MBM vary with the
application domain, mathematical model and data processing.
Then by special data processing on the model, MBM gains its ends to improve the condition of the hardware.
The system of data-acqusition, which is composed of 12 bit analogue-digital converter, parallelly samples the signals of the circuit of X-R orthogonal vector decomposition.
The data and results of the measurement are stored in the microcomputer and visualized on the screen.
It shows that there is a sizable reduction near the defect.
Then by special data processing on the model, MBM gains its ends to improve the condition of the hardware.
The system of data-acqusition, which is composed of 12 bit analogue-digital converter, parallelly samples the signals of the circuit of X-R orthogonal vector decomposition.
The data and results of the measurement are stored in the microcomputer and visualized on the screen.
It shows that there is a sizable reduction near the defect.